Proyecto de una dinamo de inducido dentado e inductor multipolar en derivación, de 100 kv de potencia y de una diferencia de potencial en las terminales de 250 V.

Proyecto de una dinamo de inducido dentado e inductor multipolar en derivación, de 100 kv de potencia y de una diferencia de potencial en las terminales de 250 V.

Multipolar myths and unipolar fantasies. Egmont Security Policy Brief No. 60, February 2015

Is the world becoming multipolar or will it remain unipolar? Analysts disagree, but it might be that this does not matter too much and that we better skip polarity terminology altogether.

Relations in a multipolar world : hearings before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred First Congress, second session.

"November 26, 28 and 30, 1990"--Pt. 1.

Los BRICS. El surgimiento de un proyecto de nueva arquitectura financiera y de un nuevo mundo multipolar (2009-2014)

En el presente trabajo, se busca indagar en las disputas de proyectos estratégicos a nivel mundial que se profundizan a partir de la crisis financiera global desatada en 2008. En este marco, comienza a plantearse desde distintos sectores económicos, políticos e intelectuales una crítica al sistema mundial heredado de Bretton Woods, al calor del surgimiento de nuevos espacios de poder que plantean la necesidad de avanzar hacia la conformación de un mundo "multipolar", superando la hegemonía norteamericana y europea. En este marco, la aparición en escena de los países denominados "BRICS" (Brasil, Rusia, India, China y Sudáfrica) plantea nuevos interrogantes sobre la coyuntura política actual y sobre la continuidad de la hegemonía trilateral global clásica (Estados Unidos, Europa, Japón). Este trabajo se propondrá analizar el proceso de configuración de los BRICS en el escenario geopolítico general sobre el cual se construye, e indagar en las dimensiones territoriales, políticas, económicas y estratégicas de la integración. Además, buscaremos explorar en los debates que emergen al interior del bloque en torno a las estrategias y modalidades de la integración, intentando dar cuenta de los actores que las promueven, bajo que concepciones, con qué objetivos, que conflictos se suscitan y qué condiciones se observan. Finalmente, nos propondremos indagar algunos alcances económicos, políticos y sociales del proyecto de los BRICS, a partir de las conclusiones emanadas de la VI Cumbre anual del bloque, realizada en Fortaleza, Brasil, entre el 14 y el 16 de julio de 2014

Chrysotile effects on human lung cell carcinoma in culture: 3-D reconstruction and DNA quantification by image analysis

Background: Chrysotile is considered less harmful to human health than other types of asbestos fibers. Its clearance from the lung is faster and, in comparison to amphibole forms of asbestos, chrysotile asbestos fail to accumulate in the lung tissue due to a mechanism involving fibers fragmentation in short pieces. Short exposure to chrysotile has not been associated with any histopathological alteration of lung tissue. Methods: The present work focuses on the association of small chrysotile fibers with interphasic and mitotic human lung cancer cells in culture, using for analyses confocal laser scanning microscopy and 3D reconstructions. The main goal was to perform the analysis of abnormalities in mitosis of fibers-containing cells as well as to quantify nuclear DNA content of treated cells during their recovery in fiber-free culture medium. Results: HK2 cells treated with chrysotile for 48 h and recovered in additional periods of 24, 48 and 72 h in normal medium showed increased frequency of multinucleated and apoptotic cells. DNA ploidy of the cells submitted to the same chrysotile treatment schedules showed enhanced aneuploidy values. The results were consistent with the high frequency of multipolar spindles observed and with the presence of fibers in the intercellular bridge during cytokinesis. Conclusion: The present data show that 48 h chrysotile exposure can cause centrosome amplification, apoptosis and aneuploid cell formation even when long periods of recovery were provided. Internalized fibers seem to interact with the chromatin during mitosis, and they could also interfere in cytokinesis, leading to cytokinesis failure which forms aneuploid or multinucleated cells with centrosome amplification.

Thermo-optical characteristics and concentration quenching effects in Nd(3+)doped yttrium calcium borate glasses

In this work we present a comprehensive study of the spectroscopic and thermo-optical properties of a set of samples with composition xNd(2)O(3)-(5-x)Y(2)O(3-)40CaO-55B(2)O(3) (0 <= x <= 1.0 mol%). Their fluorescence quantum efficiency (eta) values were determined using the thermal lens technique and the dependence on the ionic concentration was analyzed in terms of energy transfer processes, based on the Forster-Dexter model of multipolar ion-ion interactions. A maximum eta = 0.54 was found to be substantially higher than for yttrium aluminoborate crystals and glasses with comparable Nd(3+) content. As for the thermo-optical properties of yttrium calcium borate, they are comparable to other well-known laser glasses. The obtained energy transfer microparameters and the weak dependence of. on the Nd(3+) concentration with a high optimum Nd(3+) concentration put this system as a strong candidate for photonics applications. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3567091]

Embryogenesis and metamorphosis in a haplosclerid demosponge: gastrulation and transdifferentiation of larval ciliated cells to choanocytes

Early development and metamorphosis of Reniera sp., a haplosclerid demosponge, have been examined to determine how gastrulation occurs in this species, and whether there is an inversion of the primary germ layers at metamorphosis. Embryogenesis occurs by unequal cleavage of blastomeres to form a solid blastula consisting micro- and macromeres; multipolar migration of the micromeres to the surface of the embryo results in a bi-layered embryo and is interpreted as gastrulation. Polarity of the embryo is determined by the movement of pigment-containing micromeres to one pole of the embryo; this pole later becomes the posterior pole of the swimming larva. The bi-layered larva has a fully differentiated monociliated outer cell layer, and a solid interior of various cell types surrounded by dense collagen. The pigmented cells at the posterior pole give rise to long cilia that are capable of responding to environmental stimuli. Larvae settle on their anterior pole. Fluorescent labeling of the monociliated outer cell layer with a cell-lineage marker (CMFDA) demonstrates that the monociliated cells resorb their cilia, migrate inwards, and transdifferentiate into the choanocytes of the juvenile sponge, and into other amoeboid cells. The development of the flagellated choanocytes and other cells in the juvenile from the monociliated outer layer of this sponge's larva is interpreted as the dedifferentiation of fully differentiated larval cells-a process seen during the metamorphosis of other ciliated invertebrate larvae-not as inversion of the primary germ layers. These results suggest that the sequences of development in this haplosclerid demosponge are not very different than those observed in many cnidarians.

As relações russo-brasileiras no pós-Guerra Fria

Este artigo aborda brevemente a evolução das relações entre Brasil e Rússia, desde os tempos da União Soviética, para remarcar o contraste entre uma relação até bem pouco tempo distante e o atual status de parceria que une os dois países. Estas relações bilaterais são descritas e analisadas a partir de áreas temáticas diferenciadas: político-diplomática, econômico-comercial e de cooperação tecnológica. O texto inclui também conceitos presentes fundamentalmente no desenho e análise da política externa brasileira, tais como: desenvolvimento, países-continente e parcerias estratégicas. O contexto do pós-Guerra Fria favoreceu o desenvolvimento desta relação, mas as percepções recíprocas em relação a condição de países-continente, bem como o papel que lhes cabe como atores relevantes na construção de um ordem multipolar, são considerados como os principais pilares do estabelecimento de uma parceria estratégica entre Brasil e Rússia.

O Brasil e o sistema mundial de poderes

O presente estudo caracteriza o sistema mundial de poderes, explica a sua evolução, inventaria os fatores que determinam a posição relativa dos Estados na escala hierárquica internacional e mostra qual a posição, o papel e a importância do Brasil no contexto das relações internacionais da conjuntura mundial do nosso tempo, concluindo-se que o Brasil pode ser considerado uma grande potência com capacidade para influenciar cada vez mais o comportamento de outros atores internacionais e, conseqüentemente, a evolução da conjuntura mundial. Para se chegar a esta conclusão, o desenvolvimento do estudo abordou a aplicação de análise sistêmica à comunidade internacional, a evolução dos sistemas mundiais de poderes, as características do sistema multipolar contemporâneo e o Brasil no contexto do atual sistema mundial de poderes.

RC-IAL cell line: sensitivity of rubella virus grow

OBJECTIVE: The rapid growth of the rubella virus in RC-IAL² with development of cytopathic effect, in response to rubella virus infection, is described. For purposes of comparison, the rubella virus RA-27/3 strain was titered simultaneously in the RC-IAL, Vero, SIRC and RK13 cell lines. METHODS: Rubella virus RA-27/3 strain are inoculated in the RC-IAL cell line (rabbit Kidney, Institute Adolfo Lutz). Plates containing 1.5x10(5) cells/ml of RC-IAL line were inoculated with 0.1ml s RA-27/3 strain virus containing 1x 10(4)TCID50/0.1ml. A 25% cytopathic effect was observed after 48 hours and 100% after 96 hours. The results obtained were compared to those observed with the SIRC, Vero and RK13 cell lines. Rubella virus was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: With the results, it was possible to conclude that the RC-IAL cell line is a very good substrate for culturing rubella virus. The cells inoculated with rubella virus were examined by phase contrast microscopy and showed the characteristic rounded, bipolar and multipolar cells. The CPE in RC-IAL was observed in the first 48 hours and the curve of the increased infectivity was practically the same as observed in other cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are important since this is one the few cell lines described in the literature with a cytopathic effect. So it can be used for antigen preparation and serological testing for the diagnosis of specific rubella antibodies.