The chemistry of 5-oxodihydroisoxazoles .19. The synthesis and photolysis of N-thioacylisoxazol-5(2H)-ones

5-Oxodihydroisoxazoles react with thiocarbonyl chlorides to afford N-thioacylisoxazol-5(2H)-ones which lose carbon dioxide under photochemical conditions and undergo intramolecular cyclisation of the iminocarbene to afford thiazoles, However, in some cases loss of carbon dioxide is accompanied by loss of sulfur, giving 1,3-oxazin-6-ones.

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity and glutathione levels are modulated during hFOB 1.19 osteoblastic differentiation

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) is a well-known marker of osteoclasts and bone resorption. Here we have investigated whether osteoblast-like cells (hFOB 1.19) present TRAP activity and how would be its pattern of expression during osteoblastic differentiation. We also observed how the osteoblastic differentiation affected the reduced glutathione levels. TRAP activity was measured using the p-nitrophenylphosphate substrate. The osteogenic potential of hFOB 1.19 cells was studied by measuring alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralized nodule formation. Oxidative stress was determined by HPLC and DNTB assays. TRAP activity and the reduced glutathione-dependent microenvironment were modulated during osteoblastic differentiation. During this phase, TRAP activity, as well as alkaline phosphatase and glutathione increased progressively up to the 21st day, decreasing thereafter. We demonstrate that TRAP activity is modulated during osteoblastic differentiation, possibly in response to the redox state of the cell, since it seemed to depend on suitable levels of reduced glutathione.

The use of F-19 NMR for new structure determination in the radiolysis of FEP

The radiation chemistry of poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-perfluoropropylene), FEP, with a mole fraction of tetrafluoroethylene, TFE, of 0.90 has been studied under vacuum using Co-60 gamma -radiation over absorbed dose ranges up to 3.0 MGy. The radiolysis temperatures were 300, 363, 423 and 523 K. New structure formation in the copolymers was analyzed by solid-state F-19 NMR. The new structures formed in the copolymers have been identified and the G-values for the formation of new -CF3 groups was 2.2 at the lower temperatures and increased to 2.9 at 523 K. The G-value for the loss of original -CF3 groups was approximate to1.0 at all temperatures. At the lower temperatures there was a net loss of -CF-groups on irradiation, G(CF) of -1.3, -0.9 and -0.5 at 300, 363 and 423 K, respectively, but at 523 K there was a net gain with G(CF) equal to 0.8. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Solid state F-19 NMR determination of new structure formation in FEP following radiolysis at 300 and 363 K

The radiation chemistry of FEP copolymer with a mole fraction TFE of 0.90 has been studied using Co-60 gamma -radiation at temperatures of 300 and 363 K. New structure formation in the copolymers was analysed by solid state F-19 NMR. New chain scission products were the principal new structures found. The G-value for the formation of new -CF3 groups was 2.2 and 2.1 for the radiolysis of FEP at 300 and 363 K, respectively, and the G-value for the loss of original -CF3 groups was G(-CF3) = 1.0 and 0.9 at these two temperatures, respectively. There was a nett loss of -CF- groups on irradiation, with G(-CF) of 1.3 and 0.9 at 300 and 363 K, respectively. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Apoptotic deletion of Th cells specific for the 19-kDa carboxyl-terminal fragment of merozoite surface protein 1 during malaria infection

Immunity induced by the 19-kDa fragment of merozoite surface protein 1 is dependent on CD4(+) Th cells. However, we found that adoptively transferred CFSE-labeled Th cells specific for an epitope on Plasmodium yoelii 19-kDa fragment of merozoite surface protein 1 (peptide (p)24), but not OVA-specific T cells, were deleted as a result of P. yoelii infection. As a result of infection, spleen cells recovered from infected p24-specific T cell-transfused mice demonstrated reduced response to specific Ag. A higher percentage of CFSE-labeled p24-specific T cells stained positive with annexin and anti-active caspase-3 in infected compared with uninfected mice, suggesting that apoptosis contributed to deletion of p24-specific T cells during infection. Apoptosis correlated with increased percentages of p24-specific T cells that stained positive for Fas from infected mice, suggesting that P. yoelii-induced apoptosis is, at least in part, mediated by Fas. However, bystander cells of other specificities also showed increased Fas expression during infection, suggesting that Fas expression alone is not sufficient for apoptosis. These data have implications for the development of immunity in the face of endemic parasite exposure.

High-speed MAS F-19 NMR analysis of an irradiated fluoropolymer

The effect of gamma-radiation on a perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) resin was examined using solid-state high-speed magic angle spinning (MAS) F-19 NMR spectroscopy. Samples were prepared for analysis by subjecting them to gamma-radiation in the dose range 0.5-3 MGy at either 303, 473, or 573 K. New structures identified include new saturated chain ends, short and long branches, and unsaturated groups. The formation of branched structures was found to increase with increasing irradiation temperature; however, at all temperatures the radiation chemical yield (G value) of new chain ends was greater than the G value of long branch points, suggesting that chain scission is the net process.

Polyspecific malaria antibodies present at the time of infection inhibit the development of immunity to malaria but antibodies specific for the malaria merozoite surface protein, MSP1, facilitate immunity

Serum taken from mice immune to malaria as a result of infection and drug cure, or from mice immunized with a recombinant form of the merozoite surface protein, MSP1, can provide passive protection of recipient mice against the lethal parasite, Plasmodium yoelii YM. However, recipients of MSP1-immune serum go on to develop long-term immunity, whereas recipients of serum from mice naturally immune to malaria rapidly lose their resistance to infection. We demonstrate that 'infection/cure' serum suppresses the development of both antibody and cell-mediated parasite-specific responses in recipients, whereas these develop in recipients of MSP1-specific antibodies. These data have profound implications for our understanding of the development of malaria immunity in babies who passively acquire antibodies from their mothers.

Evidence for a QTL on chromosome 19 influencing LDL cholesterol levels in the general population

The genetic basis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) with its complex etiology is still largely elusive. Plasma levels of lipids and apolipoproteins are among the major quantitative risk factors for CVD and are well-established intermediate traits that may be more accessible to genetic dissection than clinical CVD end points. Chromosome 19 harbors multiple genes that have been suggested to play a role in lipid metabolism and previous studies indicated the presence of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for cholesterol levels in genetic isolates. To establish the relevance of genetic variation at chromosome 19 for plasma levels of lipids and apolipoproteins in the general, out-bred Caucasian population, we performed a linkage study in four independent samples, including adolescent Dutch twins and adult Dutch, Swedish and Australian twins totaling 493 dizygotic twin pairs. The average spacing of short-tandem-repeat markers was 6 - 8 cM. In the three adult twin samples, we found consistent evidence for linkage of chromosome 19 with LDL cholesterol levels ( maximum LOD scores of 4.5, 1.7 and 2.1 in the Dutch, Swedish and Australian sample, respectively); no indication for linkage was observed in the adolescent Dutch twin sample. The QTL effects in the three adult samples were not significantly different and a simultaneous analysis of the samples increased the maximum LOD score to 5.7 at 60 cM pter. Bivariate analyses indicated that the putative LDL-C QTL also contributed to the variance in ApoB levels, consistent with the high genetic correlation between these phenotypes. Our study provides strong evidence for the presence of a QTL on chromosome 19 with a major effect on LDL-C plasma levels in outbred Caucasian populations.

A longitudinal analysis of sex differences in bone mineral accrual in healthy 8-19-year-old boys and girls

Background: Although early in life there is little discernible difference in bone mass between boys and girls, at puberty sex differences are observed. It is uncertain if these differences represent differences in bone mass or just differences in anthropometric dimensions. Aim: The study aimed to identify whether sex independently affects bone mineral content (BMC) accrual in growing boys and girls. Three sites are investigated: total body (TB), femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS). Subjects and methods: 85 boys and 67 girls were assessed annually for seven consecutive years. BMC was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Biological age was defined as years from age at peak height velocity (PHV). Data were analysed using a hierarchical (random effects) modelling approach. Results: When biological age, body size and body composition were controlled, boys had statistically significantly higher TB and FN BMC at all maturity levels (p < 0.05). No independent sex differences were found at the LS (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Although a statistical significant sex effect is observed, it is less than the error of the measurement, and thus sex difference are debatable. In general, sex difference are explained by anthropometric difference

Texto para discuss??o 19: forma????o e capacita????o na constru????o de um novo Estado

Esse ensaio procura tra??ar os contornos desse novo Estado, os perfis dos agentes necess??rios ao seu funcionamento e as formas poss??veis para sua capacita????o. Ao final, faz-se uma avalia????o dos processos de mudan??a que come??am a ocorrer nas organiza????es p??blicas brasileiras, em que se evidencia o grande potencial que nelas existe para seu pr??prio desenvolvimento

Resolu????o n?? 6, de 21 de junho de 2012: estabelece no ??mbito da Escola Nacional de Administra????o P??blica - ENAP, os crit??rios e procedimentos espec??ficos de avalia????o de desempenho individual e institucional e de atribui????o da Gratifica????o de Desempenho do Plano Geral de Cargos do Poder Executivo - GDPGPE, conforme determina o art. 7?? do Decreto n?? 7.133, de 19 de mar??o de 2010

A Resolu????o n?? 6, de 21 de junho de 2012 estabelece os crit??rios e procedimentos espec??ficos de avalia????o de desempenho individual e institucional e de atribui????o da Gratifica????o de Desempenho do Plano Geral de Cargos do Poder Executivo (GDPGPE).

Decreto n?? 93.277, de 19 de setembro de 1986: institui a Escola Nacional de Administra????o P??blica - ENAP e o centro de Desenvolvimento da Administra????o P??blica CEDAM, e d?? outras provid??ncias

S??o institu??dos a Escola Nacional de Administra????o P??blica - ENAP e o Centro de Desenvolvimento da Administra????o P??blica - CEDAM

Resolu????o n?? 13, de 19 de dezembro de 2014: institui o Programa Incentivo ao Estudo de L??nguas Estrangeiras - Piele da Enap

Institui o Programa Incentivo ao Estudo de L??nguas Estrangeiras - Piele,sob a forma de concess??o de bolsas de estudos, para o custeio parcial de cursos de l??nguas estrangeiras, aos servidores da Escola nacional de administra????o p??blica (Enap). Entende-se por Incentivo ao Estudo de L??nguas Estrangeiras, para fins desta Resolu????o, o custeio parcial de matr??cula e mensalidades de curso de l??ngua estrangeira, previsto no Plano Anual de Capacita????o da Enap ??? PACE, aos servidores da Enap que estejam frequentando ou venham a frequentar curso de l??ngua estrangeira, em estabelecimentos devidamente registrados, como pessoa jur??dica.

Transformações da ordem econômica mundial, do final do século 19 à Segunda Guerra Mundial

Ensaio de caráter histórico sobre as grandes mudanças ocorridas na economia mundial, da belle époque a Bretton Woods, enfatizando elementos de continuidade e de ruptura, tanto no plano do comércio, como no das finanças internacionais, bem como aspectos institucionais. Dentre os primeiros elementos se situam a permanência de um mesmo grupo de nações de economia avançada no pelotão das potências dominantes que formulam e determinam a agenda política internacional, bem como a importância do poderio tecnológico e industrial para apoiar a projeção estratégica e militar dessas potências; dentre as rupturas podem ser citadas a derrota dos emergentes, em especial Japão e Alemanha, que desafiaram a ordem política e econômica mundial mediante tentativas de projeção imperial que destoavam dos esforços de interdependência global que estavam sendo construídos pelas principais economias de mercado, todas de orientação política liberal democrática. A outra potência emergente no período, a União Soviética, foi relativamente marginal economicamente no período e só projetaria poder, verdadeiramente, no final da Segunda Guerra Mundial.