Emergence time and foraging activity in Pallas' mastiff bat, Molossus molossus (Chiroptera: Molossidae) in relation to sunset/sunrise and phase of the moon

The decision on when to emerge from the safety of a roost and forage for prey is thought to be a result of the trade off between peak insect abundance and predation pressure for bats. In this study we show that the velvety free-tailed bat Molossus molossus emerges just after sunset and just before sunrise for very short foraging bouts (average 82.2 min foraging per night). Contrary to previous studies, bats remain inactive in their roost between activity patterns. Activity was measured over two complete lunar cycles and there was no indication that phase of the moon had an influence on emergence time or the numbers of bats that emerged from the roost. This data suggests that M. molossus represents an example of an aerial hawking bat whose foraging behaviour is in fact adapted to the compromise between the need to exploit highest prey availability and the need to avoid predation.

Malassezia spp. in acoustic meatus of bats (Molossus molossus) of the Amazon region, Brazil

The yeasts of the Malassezia genus are opportunistic microorganisms and can cause human and animal infections. They are commonly isolated from the skin and auricular canal of mammalians, mainly dogs and cats. The present study was aimed to isolate Malassezia spp. from the acoustic meatus of bats (Molossus molossus) in the Montenegro region, `` Rondonia ``, Brazil. From a total of 30 bats studied Malassezia spp. were isolated in 24 (80%) animals, the breakdown by species being as follows (one Malassezia sp. per bat, N=24): 15 (62.5%) M. pachydermatis, 5 (20.8%) M. furfur, 3 (12.5%) M. globosa and 1 (4.2%) M. sympodialis. This study establishes a new host and anatomic place for Malassezia spp., as it presents the first report ever of the isolation of this genus of yeasts in the acoustic meatus of bats.

Sobrevivência e tamanho populacional do Tiê-preto Tachyphonus Rufus (aves: thraupidae) em fragmento de restinga no extremo Norte da Mata Atlântica

For a long time, we believed in the pattern that tropical and south hemisphere species have high survival. Nowadays results began to contradict this pattern, indicating the need for further studies. Despite the advanced state of the study of bird population parameters, little is known about their variation throughout the year and the factors affecting them. Reproduction, for example, is one factor that may alter adult survival rates, because during this process the breeding pair allocates resources to maintain itself to maintain offspring, making itself more susceptible to diseases and predation. The aim of this study was to estimate survival and population size of a Central and South America passerine, Tachyphonus rufus (Boddaert, 1783), testing hypotheses about the factors that define these parameters. We performed data collection between Nov/2010 and ago/2012 in 12 ha plot, in a fragment of Atlantic Forest in northeastern Brazil. We used capture-mark-recapture methods to generate estimates using Closed Design Robust model in the program MARK. We generated Multi-state models to test some assumptions inherent to Closed Robust Design. The influence of co-variables (time, rain and reproductive cycle) and the effect of transient individuals were measured. Capture, recapture and apparent survival parameters were defined by reproductive cycle, while temporary dispersal was influence by rain. The estimates showed a higher apparent survival during the non-breeding period (92% ± 1%) than during breeding (40% ± 9%), revealing a cost of reproduction and suggesting a trade-off between surviving and reproducing. The low annual survival observed (34%) did not corroborate the pattern of high rates expected for a tropical bird. The largest population size was estimated to be 56 individuals in Nov/11, explained by high recruitment of juveniles, while the lowest observed in May/12: 10 individuals, probably as a result of massive influx of competitor species. Results from this study add to the growing literature on life history of Neotropical species. We encourage studies like this especially in Brazil, where there are few information, and suggest that covariates related to habitat quality and environmental changes should be tested, so that we can generate increasingly reliable models

Ultrastructural characteristics of spermatogenesis in Pallas's mastiff bat, Molossus molossus (Chiroptera: Molossidae)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Morphological and morphometric characteristics of the epididymis in the Neotropical bats Eumops glaucinus and Molossus molossus (Chiroptera: Molossidae).

The ability of certain species of bats to store viable spermatozoa in the cauda epididymis, for periods of many months beyond the end of spermatogenesis was first recognized over a century ago. However, information about the bat epididymis is still scarce or absent. Thus, this study aimed to characterize and to compare morphologically and morphometrically the regional histology of the epididymis of Eumops glaucinus and Molossus molossus (Chiroptera: Molossidae). Histologically, the epididymis of both species was subdivided into 4 segments: initial segment, caput, corpus and cauda. In comparing the two species, it was observed that the tubular and luminal diameters and percentage of interstitial tissue showed significant differences in all segments. The epithelial height, in both, is greater in the initial segment with a decrease until the cauda epididymis. In relation to the luminal diameter, both species showed a gradual increase from the initial segment to the cauda. The percentage of epithelium, lumen and interstitial tissue varied between both, sometimes M. molossus showing a significantly higher percentage, and other times, E. glaucinus. In both species, the principal cell was the most abundant (> 77%), followed by basal cells at approximately 13% and apical cells at 4% in all segments. Spermatozoa were observed in greater amounts in corpus and cauda epididymis segments. In summary, ours results show that, despite that the species analyzed belong to different genera and have different breeding cycles, the epididymis exhibits similarities in the two species and morphometric and composition differences compared to the majority of mammals.

Isolamento do vírus rábico em Molossus ater (Chiroptera: Molossidae) no Estado de São Paulo

Descreve-se o isolamento e a identificação do vírus rábico em morcegos insetívoros Molossus ater, no Estado de São Paulo, nos municípios de Araçatuba, Penápolis e São José do Rio Preto. A maioria dos exemplares foi capturada ainda com vida, não havendo, porém, contato com pessoas ou animais. O diagnóstico foi realizado pelas provas de imunofluorescência direta e inoculação intracerebral em camundongos.

Genetic variability in species of bats revealed by RAPD analysis

Random amplified polymorphic DNA molecular marker was utilized as a means of analyzing genetic variability in seven bat species: Molossus molossus, M. rufus, Eumops glaucinus, E. perotis, Myotis nigricans, Eptesicus furinalis, and Artibeus planirostris. The determination of genetic diversity was based on 741 bands produced by a 20-random primer set. Only eight bands were considered monomorphic to one species. The greatest number of bands and the most polymorphic condition were exhibited by M. molossus, followed by M. nigricans, A. planirostris, E. furinalis, E. glaucinus, M. rufus, and E. perotis. Nei's genetic diversity index in the seven species considering the 20 primers was not greater than 0.22, but some primers were capable of detecting values between 0.39 and 0.49. Nei's unbiased genetic distance values and the UPGMA clustering pattern show that M. molossus and M. rufus have a close genetic relationship, unlike that observed between E. perotis and E. glaucinus. The latter was clustered with A. planirostris and E. furinalis. The low values for genetic diversity and distance observed indicate a genetic conservatism in the seven species. The fluorescent in situ hybridization experiments did not confirm a monomorphic condition for the eight bands identified, demonstrating that the monomorphic bands obtained by random amplified polymorphic DNA are insufficient for the identification of bat species.

Primeiro registro de Molossus coibensis (Chiroptera: Molossidae) na Amazônia Brasileira

This study reports on the occurrence of Molossus coibensis J. A. Allen, 1904, in the Brazilian Amazon and the second record of this species from Brazil. It also presents a comparative analysis with other two small-bodied Molossus species that occur in Brazil: M. molossus (Pallas, 1766) and M. aztecus Saussure, 1860. The report is based on 8 females captured in urban areas of the city of Bragança, in the northern Brazilian state of Pará. Morphometric data and the qualitative comparison of morphological features permitted the identification of the specimens as M. coibensis, hitherto known only in Tapirapoan, in the southwestern state of Mato Grosso, west-central Brazil. © SAREM, 2013.

Análise citogenética comparativa em espécies de morcegos dos gêneros Molossus (Molossidae), Artibeus, Platyrrhinus, Sturnira, Glossophaga, Phyllostomus e Carollia (Phyllostamide) - Chiroptera (Mammalia)

Pós-graduação em Genética - IBILCE

Structure, histochemistry and seasonal variations of the male reproductive accessory glands in the Pallas’s mastiff bat, Molossus molossus (Chiroptera: Molossidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Rufus Isaacs [Illustration] : (Porträt)

Scan von Monochrom-Mikroform

Sir Rufus Isaacs, Lord-Oberrichter von England [Illustration] : (geboren 10. Oktober 1860)

Scan von Monochrom-Mikroform