Do modelo geométrico ao modelo físico: o tridimensional na educação do arquiteto e urbanista

In the teaching practice of architecture and urbanism in Brazil, educational legislation views modeling laboratories and workshops as an indispensable component of the infrastructure required for the good functioning of any architectural course of study. Although the development of information technology at the international level has created new possibilities for digital production of architectural models, research in this field being underway since the early 1990s, it is only from 2007 onwards that such technologies started to be incorporated into the teaching activity of architecture and urbanism in Brazil, through the pioneering experience at LAPAC/FEC/UNICAMP. It is therefore a recent experiment whose challenges can be highlighted through the following examples: (i) The implementation of digital prototyping laboratories in undergraduate courses of architecture and urbanism is still rare in Brazil; (ii) As a new developing field with few references and application to undergraduate programs, it is hard to define methodological procedures suitable for the pedagogical curricula already implemented or which have already been consolidated over the years; (iii) The new digital ways for producing tridimensional models are marked with specificities which make it difficult to fit them within the existing structures of model laboratories and workshops. Considering the above, the present thesis discusses the tridimensional model as a tool which may contribute to the development of students skills in perceiving, understanding and representing tridimensional space. Analysis is made of the relation between different forms of models and the teaching of architectural project, with emphasis on the design process. Starting from the conceptualization of the word model as it is used in architecture and urbanism, an attempt is made to identify types of tridimensional models used in the process of project conception, both through the traditional, manual way of model construction as well as through the digital ones. There is also an explanation on how new technologies for digital production of models through prototyping are being introduced in undergraduate academic programs of architecture and urbanism in Brazil, as well as a review of recent academic publications in this area. Based on the paradigm of reflective practice in teaching as designed by Schön (2000), the experiment applied in the research was undertaken in the integrated workshop courses of architectural project in the undergraduate program of architecture and urbanism at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Along the experiment, physical modeling, geometric modeling and digital prototyping are used in distinct moments of the design process with the purpose of observing the suitability of each model to the project s phases. The procedures used in the experiments are very close to the Action Research methodology in which the main purpose is the production of theoretical knowledge by improving the practice. The process was repeated during three consecutive semesters and reflection on the results which were achieved in each cycle helped enhancing the next one. As a result, a methodological procedure is proposed which consists of the definition of the Tridimensional Model as the integrating element for the contents studied in a specific academic period or semester. The teaching of Architectural Project as it is developed along the fifth academic period of the Architecture and Urbanism undergraduate program of UFRN is taken as a reference

Do modelo geométrico ao modelo físico: o tridimensional na educação do arquiteto e urbanista

In the teaching practice of architecture and urbanism in Brazil, educational legislation views modeling laboratories and workshops as an indispensable component of the infrastructure required for the good functioning of any architectural course of study. Although the development of information technology at the international level has created new possibilities for digital production of architectural models, research in this field being underway since the early 1990s, it is only from 2007 onwards that such technologies started to be incorporated into the teaching activity of architecture and urbanism in Brazil, through the pioneering experience at LAPAC/FEC/UNICAMP. It is therefore a recent experiment whose challenges can be highlighted through the following examples: (i) The implementation of digital prototyping laboratories in undergraduate courses of architecture and urbanism is still rare in Brazil; (ii) As a new developing field with few references and application to undergraduate programs, it is hard to define methodological procedures suitable for the pedagogical curricula already implemented or which have already been consolidated over the years; (iii) The new digital ways for producing tridimensional models are marked with specificities which make it difficult to fit them within the existing structures of model laboratories and workshops. Considering the above, the present thesis discusses the tridimensional model as a tool which may contribute to the development of students skills in perceiving, understanding and representing tridimensional space. Analysis is made of the relation between different forms of models and the teaching of architectural project, with emphasis on the design process. Starting from the conceptualization of the word model as it is used in architecture and urbanism, an attempt is made to identify types of tridimensional models used in the process of project conception, both through the traditional, manual way of model construction as well as through the digital ones. There is also an explanation on how new technologies for digital production of models through prototyping are being introduced in undergraduate academic programs of architecture and urbanism in Brazil, as well as a review of recent academic publications in this area. Based on the paradigm of reflective practice in teaching as designed by Schön (2000), the experiment applied in the research was undertaken in the integrated workshop courses of architectural project in the undergraduate program of architecture and urbanism at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Along the experiment, physical modeling, geometric modeling and digital prototyping are used in distinct moments of the design process with the purpose of observing the suitability of each model to the project s phases. The procedures used in the experiments are very close to the Action Research methodology in which the main purpose is the production of theoretical knowledge by improving the practice. The process was repeated during three consecutive semesters and reflection on the results which were achieved in each cycle helped enhancing the next one. As a result, a methodological procedure is proposed which consists of the definition of the Tridimensional Model as the integrating element for the contents studied in a specific academic period or semester. The teaching of Architectural Project as it is developed along the fifth academic period of the Architecture and Urbanism undergraduate program of UFRN is taken as a reference

Do modelo geométrico ao modelo físico: o tridimensional na educação do arquiteto e urbanista

In the teaching practice of architecture and urbanism in Brazil, educational legislation views modeling laboratories and workshops as an indispensable component of the infrastructure required for the good functioning of any architectural course of study. Although the development of information technology at the international level has created new possibilities for digital production of architectural models, research in this field being underway since the early 1990s, it is only from 2007 onwards that such technologies started to be incorporated into the teaching activity of architecture and urbanism in Brazil, through the pioneering experience at LAPAC/FEC/UNICAMP. It is therefore a recent experiment whose challenges can be highlighted through the following examples: (i) The implementation of digital prototyping laboratories in undergraduate courses of architecture and urbanism is still rare in Brazil; (ii) As a new developing field with few references and application to undergraduate programs, it is hard to define methodological procedures suitable for the pedagogical curricula already implemented or which have already been consolidated over the years; (iii) The new digital ways for producing tridimensional models are marked with specificities which make it difficult to fit them within the existing structures of model laboratories and workshops. Considering the above, the present thesis discusses the tridimensional model as a tool which may contribute to the development of students skills in perceiving, understanding and representing tridimensional space. Analysis is made of the relation between different forms of models and the teaching of architectural project, with emphasis on the design process. Starting from the conceptualization of the word model as it is used in architecture and urbanism, an attempt is made to identify types of tridimensional models used in the process of project conception, both through the traditional, manual way of model construction as well as through the digital ones. There is also an explanation on how new technologies for digital production of models through prototyping are being introduced in undergraduate academic programs of architecture and urbanism in Brazil, as well as a review of recent academic publications in this area. Based on the paradigm of reflective practice in teaching as designed by Schön (2000), the experiment applied in the research was undertaken in the integrated workshop courses of architectural project in the undergraduate program of architecture and urbanism at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Along the experiment, physical modeling, geometric modeling and digital prototyping are used in distinct moments of the design process with the purpose of observing the suitability of each model to the project s phases. The procedures used in the experiments are very close to the Action Research methodology in which the main purpose is the production of theoretical knowledge by improving the practice. The process was repeated during three consecutive semesters and reflection on the results which were achieved in each cycle helped enhancing the next one. As a result, a methodological procedure is proposed which consists of the definition of the Tridimensional Model as the integrating element for the contents studied in a specific academic period or semester. The teaching of Architectural Project as it is developed along the fifth academic period of the Architecture and Urbanism undergraduate program of UFRN is taken as a reference

Exatidão, precisão e reprodutibilidade de medidas dentárias em modelos de gessso e imagem tridimensional

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Modelo estrutural da jazida de sulfetos de NI-CU-CO e MGP, Fortaleza de Minas, MG

Pós-graduação em Geologia Regional - IGCE

Utilização de material alternativo para a obtenção e caracterização de biomodelos, por meio da técnica de impressão 3DPRINTER

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Modelización tridimensional de la pieza MNM-23 del Museo Naval de Madrid por métodos fotogramétricos.

En el siguiente proyecto se pretende obtener el modelo tridimensional de una pieza del Museo Naval de Madrid, el modelo MNM-23, correspondiente a una fragata de 34 cañones, de dimensiones aproximadas 110*30*39 cm, a partir de fotogrametría de objeto cercano y topografía. La pieza se encontró en un lamentable estado de conservación y en 1995 el restauradormodelista del Museo Naval de Madrid, Miguel Godoy Sánchez, hizo un gran trabajo de restauración de la misma para poder contemplar con auténtico deleite cada uno de los cientos de detalles, que por dentro tenía una fragata del siglo XVIII, una obra perfecta de ingenio,cálculo, estructuras, medidas y estudio, a la vez que arte; todo ello combinado en su justa medida es un claro ejemplo y una gran elección de arquitectura naval de la época. El carácter no invasivo de la fotogrametría y la alta precisión que ofrece hace que este sea un método muy apropiado para este tipo de trabajos. Apoyándonos en estas técnicas, se pretende obtener una precisión entorno al milímetro en el modelo final. Así mismo se investigará y describirá una metodología de trabajo eficiente, rápida y de bajo coste que pretende sustituir otras metodologías utilizadas en este tipo de proyectos.

Obtención del modelo 3D de la azotea de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, mediante tecnología escáner 3D.

El objetivo de este Proyecto Fin de Carrera consiste en la obtención de un modelo tridimensional de la azotea de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Tras la captura de los datos realizados con el equipo láser escáner de Leica, el presente proyecto plantea el aprendizaje de la tecnología láser escáner y el tratamiento de los datos para obtener la representación 3D de la azotea y hacer posible el estudio de las interferencias en las antenas que allí están ubicadas. El modelo tridimensional de la azotea permitirá obtener un mapa de obstáculos de la antena. Con este mapa de obstáculos se quieren analizar los objetos que impiden o interfieren para que la señal recibida por la antena se propague por el espacio libre. Este PFC pretende contribuir al estudio de cómo se podrían maximizar los tiempos de comunicación entre un satélite y la antena receptora de la señal a partir del análisis del emplazamiento de la estación terrena. Se estudia en concreto la antena situada en la azotea de uno de los edificios de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación en Madrid.

Modelización tridimensional de una figura por métodos fotogramétricos y escaneado de precisión. Verificación y comparación de resultados.

El objetivo principal de este proyecto es la obtención del modelo tridimensional de la escultura del patrón San Isidoro de la E.T.S.I. Topografía, Geodesia y Cartografía fabricada en yeso con unas dimensiones de 225 mm de largo, 182 mm de ancho y 318 mm de alto. Se realizará mediante dos métodos diferentes: por medios fotogramétricos utilizando correlación,y por métodos de topografía industrial. En la toma de imágenes para la restitución fotogramétrica se utilizó una cámara no métrica, cuya calibración tuvo que ser realizada comparando dos sistemas de coordenadas, el sistema imagen determinado por técnicas fotogramétricas, y el sistema objeto o terreno determinado por técnicas de topografía clásica. De esta forma se obtienen los datos internos de la cámara. La tolerancia establecida a priori para fotogrametría terrestre es de 1 mm, verificando y contrastando los resultados obtenidos con equipos de trazabilidad superior con los que se procede a la extracción del modelo digital por métodos de topografía industrial, mediante escaneado de precisión. El modelo tridimensional obtenido podría ser útil para múltiples tareas, como disponer de documentación geométrica digital de la figura, su estudio para una posible restauración,etc.

Modelización tridimensional de ensayos de adherencia tipo viga del refuerzo NSM-FRP en hormigón

El uso de refuerzos NSM‐FRP en estructuras de hormigón armado se ha incrementado considerablemente en los últimos años como método de refuerzo estructural. Los ensayos de arrancamiento en viga de los refuerzos NSM‐FRP permiten el estudio del comportamiento de la unión pegada. El principal objetivo del presente trabajo aborda la simulación numérica de este tipo de ensayos, con el propósito de caracterizar correctamente la adherencia entre las barras de NSM‐FRP y el hormigón. En una fase inicial se simuló un modelo bidimensional para conseguir evaluar y verificar el comportamiento de los elementos cohesivos y ver su comportamiento primero ante diferentes modelos de material y segundo ante un modo mixto de fallo, debido a la aplicación simultanea de carga axial y carga cortante. En una segunda fase se creó un modelo tridimensional para estudiar el arrancamiento de una barra de material compuesto insertada en hormigón, creando un modelo de material de hormigón y viendo el comportamiento cualitativo del sistema ante variaciones en los parámetros de los diferentes materiales. En la tercera fase, la más importante del presente trabajo, se abordó la simulación numérica del ensayo de arrancamiento en viga. Se simularon todos los componentes del ensayo y se evaluaron diferentes alternativas para representar la interfase NSM‐FRP ‐ hormigón, usando elementos cohesivos y diferentes distribuciones de los mismos en la interfase. Para conseguir representar lo más fielmente posible las condiciones del ensayo, se diseñó también un controlador PID que permite realizar las simulaciones numéricas mediante un control en desplazamientos, lo cual permite capturar más correctamente el comportamiento de reblandecimiento de la unión pegada. El controlador PID aplica técnicas de ingeniería de control para conseguir calcular a priori la amplitud necesaria del desplazamiento impuesto que provoque una evolución establecida en una variable interna del sistema. La variable usada para correlacionar los ensayos es la diferencia en desplazamientos entre dos puntos y se escoge una evolución lineal de la misma, pero en la tesis también se exponen los resultados de escoger otras posibles variables internas con diferentes evoluciones. Se compararon las simulaciones numéricas con resultados de mediciones experimentales previamente publicadas. Los resultados carga‐deslizamiento obtenidos encajan bien con los datos experimentales. El modelo propuesto es también capaz de predecir el modo de fallo en la interfase NSM‐FRP ‐ hormigón. Finalmente, también se han llevado a cabo estudios paramétricos, para evaluar la influencia de cada parámetro en los resultados. También se realizó un estudio cualitativo de cómo se comporta la unión pegada en cada momento de la simulación, mediante el uso macros y gráficas tridimensionales, para conseguir una mejor visualización y facilitar el análisis de los resultados. ABSTRACT The use of near‐surface mounted FRP reinforcement in reinforced concrete structures has seen a considerable increase in recent years as a strengthening method. Beam pull‐out tests for near‐surface reinforcement allow obtaining the local bond‐slip behavior of a bonded joint. The main objective of the current work deals with the three‐dimensional modeling of this kind of test with the purpose of characterizing suitably the mechanics of bond between FRP rods and concrete. In an initial stage, a two bidimensional in order to evaluate and to verify the behavior of the cohesive elements. Its behavior was evaluated first testing different material models and second testing the behavior when mixed mode failure appears, due to simultaneous axial and shear load. In a second stage a tridimensional model was created in order to study the pull‐out of an inserted beam of composite material in concrete. A concrete material model was created and the influence of each material parameter was studied qualitatively. The third part, the most relevant of the present work, the numerical simulation of the Beam Pull‐Out test was faced. All the parts of the Beam Pull‐Out test were included inthe simulation and different alternatives to represent the FRP bar – concrete interface have been evaluated, using cohesive elements and different distributions of them. In order to reproduce the test conditions more reliably, a PID controller has also been designed to conduct suitably the numerical tests in order to properly capture the softening branch of the load‐slip behaviour. The PID controller applies control techniques to calculate a priori the necessary amplitude of the load in order to achieve a given evolution through the simulation of an internal variable previously chosen. The variable used in order to correlate the simulation with the test results is the difference in displacements between two points and a linear evolution was chosen, but in the thesis the results of choosing other possible internal variables with different evolutions are also shown. The numerical FE simulations were compared with experimental measurements previously published. Load‐slip predictions compare well with the corresponding experimental data. The proposed model is also able to predict the failure mode at the FRP‐concrete interface. Some parametric studies have also been carried out, in order to evaluate the influence of each material parameter in the results. A qualitative study of the behaviour of the joint was also performed, using the results of the numeric simulations and through the use of macros and 3D graphs, the tensional state of each point of the joint can be visualized in each moment of the simulation.

Modelización tridimensional del Galeón Flamenco del Museo Naval de Madrid por métodos fotogramétricos (jarcia y ornamentación.

El propósito principal del proyecto es la realización del modelo tridimensional del Galeón Flamenco del Museo Naval, con un tamaño de 18 cm de ancho, 110 cm de alto y 124 cm de largo. Debido a la antigüedad de la pieza y su fragilidad, la combinación de la fotogrametría y la topografía industrial son las técnicas ideales para su representación tanto por conservación como por su alta precisión. Con la utilización de las técnicas antes mencionadas, se intenta conseguir una precisión en todo el modelo tridimensional que sea inferior al milímetro. De esta manera, se explicará en todo el proceso la metodología utilizada en el trabajo,para examinar otra metodología más efectiva y de menor coste.

Modelización tridimensional del Galeón Flamenco del Museo Naval de Madrid por métodos fotogramétricos (casco y arboladura).

El propósito principal del proyecto es la realización del modelo tridimensional del Galeón Flamenco del Museo Naval, con un tamaño de 18 cm de ancho, 110 cm de alto y 124 cm de largo. Debido a la antigüedad de la pieza y su fragilidad, la combinación de la fotogrametría y la topografía industrial son las técnicas ideales para su representación tanto por conservación como por su alta precisión. Con la utilización de las técnicas antes mencionadas, se intenta conseguir una precisión en todo el modelo tridimensional que sea inferior al milímetro. De esta manera, se explicará en todo el proceso la metodología utilizada en el trabajo,para examinar otra metodología más efectiva y de menor coste.

Construção tridimensional de atlas dos núcleos anteriores do tálamo a partir de cortes de um bloco de encéfalo

Tese de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Biomédica e Biofísica, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2016

Comparação entre protocolos de marcadores anatomicos e tecnicos para analise cinematica na marcha e na corrida

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

“Audiências cativas" em espaço escolar? O fenómeno das marcas-ilustração no manual escolar

O fenómeno do Marketing Escolar inscreve-se numa forma de publicitação do espaço escolar, a que não é alheio o papel da criança na sociedade de consumo actual. Centra-se esta pesquisa, na problematização da relação entre manual escolar – livro de carácter didáctico-pedagógico, em estreita conexão com os Programas Curriculares Nacionais – e product placement, ferramenta do Marketing, catalisadora da esfera do consumo, por outro. Em síntese, constata-se que, num mundo de marcas e bens globalizado, as fontes que conjuntamente constituem o mercado de influência das crianças são, afinal, múltiplas e dispersas, neutralizando portanto os efeitos da comercialização do currículo no modelo tridimensional de mercado.