868 resultados para Modelagem estatística


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The present paper has the purpose of investigate the dynamics of the volatility structure in the shrimp prices in the Brazilian fish market. Therefore, a description of the initial aspects of the shrimp price series was made. From this information, statistics tests were made and selected univariate models to be price predictors. Then, it was verified the existence of relationship of long-term equilibrium between the Brazilian and American imported shrimp and if, confirmed the relationship, whether or not there is a causal link between these assets, considering that the two countries had presented trade relations over the years. It is presented as an exploratory research of applied nature with quantitative approach. The database was collected through direct contact with the Companhia de Entrepostos e Armazéns Gerais de São Paulo (CEAGESP) and on the official website of American import, National Marine Fisheries Service - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NMFS- NOAA). The results showed that the great variability in the active price is directly related with the gain and loss of the market agents. The price series presents a strong seasonal and biannual effect. The average structure of price of shrimp in the last 12 years was R$ 11.58 and external factors besides the production and marketing (U.S. antidumping, floods and pathologies) strongly affected the prices. Among the tested models for predicting prices of shrimp, four were selected, which through the prediction methodologies of one step forward of horizon 12, proved to be statistically more robust. It was found that there is weak evidence of long-term equilibrium between the Brazilian and American shrimp, where equivalently, was not found a causal link between them. We concluded that the dynamic pricing of commodity shrimp is strongly influenced by external productive factors and that these phenomena cause seasonal effects in the prices. There is no relationship of long-term stability between the Brazilian and American shrimp prices, but it is known that Brazil imports USA production inputs, which somehow shows some dependence productive. To the market agents, the risk of interferences of the external prices cointegrated to Brazilian is practically inexistent. Through statistical modeling is possible to minimize the risk and uncertainty embedded in the fish market, thus, the sales and marketing strategies for the Brazilian shrimp can be consolidated and widespread

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Nós determinamos os fatores de risco à infecção pelo HCV em doadores de sangue no Estado do Pará, Brasil. Foram analisados 256 doadores de sangue atendidos na Fundação HEMOPA de 2004 a 2006, sendo divididos em dois grupos: infectados e não-infectados. O diagnóstico foi realizado por PCR em tempo real. Todos os participantes responderam a questionário sobre possíveis fatores de risco, sendo a modelagem estatística feita por regressão logística simples e múltipla. Os fatores de risco à infecção foram: uso de agulhas e seringas de vidros esterilizadas em casa (OR = 4,55), realização de tratamento dentário invasivo (OR = 3,08), compartilhamento de lâminas em domicílio (OR = 1,99), compartilhamento de lâminas descartáveis em barbearias, salões de beleza (OR = 2,34), e compartilhamento de material de manicure e pedicure (OR = 3,45). As autoridades de saúde devem conscientizar a população sobre o compartilhamento de materiais perfuro-cortantes em domicílio, salões de beleza e consultórios dentários como fatores de risco à infecção.

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Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Drilling fluids have fundamental importance in the petroleum activities, since they are responsible for remove the cuttings, maintain pressure and well stability, preventing collapse and inflow of fluid into the rock formation and maintain lubrication and cooling the drill. There are basically three types of drilling fluids: water-based, non-aqueous and aerated based. The water-based drilling fluid is widely used because it is less aggressive to the environment and provide excellent stability and inhibition (when the water based drilling fluid is a inhibition fluid), among other qualities. Produced water is generated simultaneously with oil during production and has high concentrations of metals and contaminants, so it’s necessary to treat for disposal this water. The produced water from the fields of Urucu-AM and Riacho da forquilha-RN have high concentrations of contaminants, metals and salts such as calcium and magnesium, complicating their treatment and disposal. Thus, the objective was to analyze the use of synthetic produced water with similar characteristics of produced water from Urucu-AM and Riacho da Forquilha-RN for formulate a water-based drilling mud, noting the influence of varying the concentration of calcium and magnesium into filtered and rheology tests. We conducted a simple 32 factorial experimental design for statistical modeling of data. The results showed that the varying concentrations of calcium and magnesium did not influence the rheology of the fluid, where in the plastic viscosity, apparent viscosity and the initial and final gels does not varied significantly. For the filtrate tests, calcium concentration in a linear fashion influenced chloride concentration, where when we have a higher concentration of calcium we have a higher the concentration of chloride in the filtrate. For the Urucu’s produced water based fluids, volume of filtrate was observed that the calcium concentration influences quadratically, this means that high calcium concentrations interfere with the power of the inhibitors used in the formulation of the filtered fluid. For Riacho’s produced water based fluid, Calcium’s influences is linear for volume of filtrate. The magnesium concentration was significant only for chloride concentration in a quadratic way just for Urucu’s produced water based fluids. The mud with maximum concentration of magnesium (9,411g/L), but minimal concentration of calcium (0,733g/L) showed good results. Therefore, a maximum water produced by magnesium concentration of 9,411g/L and the maximum calcium concentration of 0,733g/L can be used for formulating water-based drilling fluids, providing appropriate properties for this kind of fluid.

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Currently the market requires increasingly pure oil derivatives and, with that, comes the need for new methods for obtaining those products that are more efficient and economically viable. Considering the removal of sulfur from diesel, most refineries uses catalytic hydrogenation process, the hydrodesulfurization. These processes needs high energy content and high cost of production and has low efficiency in removing sulfur at low concentrations (below 500 ppm). The adsorption presents itself as an efficient and economically viable alternative in relation to the techniques currently used. With that, the main purpose of this work is to develop and optimize the obtaining of new adsorbents based on diatomite, modified with two non ionic surfactants microemulsions, adding efficiency to the material, to its application on removal of sulfur present in commercial diesel. Analyses were undertaken of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), thermogravimetry (TG) and N2 adsorption (BET) for characterization of new materials obtained. The variables used for diatomite modification were: microemulsion points for each surfactant (RNX 95 and UNTL 90), microemulsion aqueous phase through the use or non-use of salts (CaCl2 and BaCl2), the contact time during the modification and the contact form. The study of adsorption capacity of materials obtained was performed using a statistical modeling to evaluate the influence of salt concentration in the aqueous phase (20 ppm to 1500 ppm), finite bath temperature (25 to 60° C) and the concentration of sulphur in diesel. It was observed that the temperature and the concentration of sulphur (300 to 1100 ppm) were the most significant parameters, in which increasing their values increase the ability of modified clay to adsorb the sulphur in diesel fuel. Adsorption capacity increased from 0.43 to mg/g 1.34 mg/g with microemulsion point optimization and with the addition of salts.

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Industrial activities like mining, electroplating and the oil extraction process, are increasing the levels of heavy metals such as Cu, Fe, Mg and Cd in aquatic ecosystems. This increase is related to the discharge of effluents containing trace of this elements above the maximum allowed by law. Methods such as ion exchange, membrane filtration and chemical precipitation have been studied as a means of treatment of these metals contamination. The precipitation of metals using anionic surfactants derived from carboxylic acids emerged as an alternative for the removal of metals from industrial effluents. The reaction between bivalent ions and these types of surfactants in aqueous solution leads to the formation of metal carboxylates, which can precipitate in the form of flakes and are subsequently removed by a process of decantation or simple filtration. In this work the metals extraction is performed by using the surfactant sodium hexadecanoate as extracting agent. The main purpose was to study the effect of temperature, solution pH, and concentration of surfactant in the metal removal process. The statistical design of the process showed that the process is directly dependent to changes in pH and concentration of surfactant, but inversely proportional and somewhat dependent to temperature variation, with the latter effect being considered negligible in most cases. The individual study of the effect of temperature showed a strong dependence of the process with the Kraft point, both for the surfactant used as extracting agent, as for the surfactant obtained after the reaction of this surfactant with the metal. From data of temperatures and concentrations of the surfactant was possible to calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction between sodium hexadecanoate and copper ions. Later, thermodynamic parameters were determined, showing that the process is exothermic and spontaneous.

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The present paper has the purpose of investigate the dynamics of the volatility structure in the shrimp prices in the Brazilian fish market. Therefore, a description of the initial aspects of the shrimp price series was made. From this information, statistics tests were made and selected univariate models to be price predictors. Then, it was verified the existence of relationship of long-term equilibrium between the Brazilian and American imported shrimp and if, confirmed the relationship, whether or not there is a causal link between these assets, considering that the two countries had presented trade relations over the years. It is presented as an exploratory research of applied nature with quantitative approach. The database was collected through direct contact with the Companhia de Entrepostos e Armazéns Gerais de São Paulo (CEAGESP) and on the official website of American import, National Marine Fisheries Service - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NMFS- NOAA). The results showed that the great variability in the active price is directly related with the gain and loss of the market agents. The price series presents a strong seasonal and biannual effect. The average structure of price of shrimp in the last 12 years was R$ 11.58 and external factors besides the production and marketing (U.S. antidumping, floods and pathologies) strongly affected the prices. Among the tested models for predicting prices of shrimp, four were selected, which through the prediction methodologies of one step forward of horizon 12, proved to be statistically more robust. It was found that there is weak evidence of long-term equilibrium between the Brazilian and American shrimp, where equivalently, was not found a causal link between them. We concluded that the dynamic pricing of commodity shrimp is strongly influenced by external productive factors and that these phenomena cause seasonal effects in the prices. There is no relationship of long-term stability between the Brazilian and American shrimp prices, but it is known that Brazil imports USA production inputs, which somehow shows some dependence productive. To the market agents, the risk of interferences of the external prices cointegrated to Brazilian is practically inexistent. Through statistical modeling is possible to minimize the risk and uncertainty embedded in the fish market, thus, the sales and marketing strategies for the Brazilian shrimp can be consolidated and widespread

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The present paper has the purpose of investigate the dynamics of the volatility structure in the shrimp prices in the Brazilian fish market. Therefore, a description of the initial aspects of the shrimp price series was made. From this information, statistics tests were made and selected univariate models to be price predictors. Then, it was verified the existence of relationship of long-term equilibrium between the Brazilian and American imported shrimp and if, confirmed the relationship, whether or not there is a causal link between these assets, considering that the two countries had presented trade relations over the years. It is presented as an exploratory research of applied nature with quantitative approach. The database was collected through direct contact with the Companhia de Entrepostos e Armazéns Gerais de São Paulo (CEAGESP) and on the official website of American import, National Marine Fisheries Service - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NMFS- NOAA). The results showed that the great variability in the active price is directly related with the gain and loss of the market agents. The price series presents a strong seasonal and biannual effect. The average structure of price of shrimp in the last 12 years was R$ 11.58 and external factors besides the production and marketing (U.S. antidumping, floods and pathologies) strongly affected the prices. Among the tested models for predicting prices of shrimp, four were selected, which through the prediction methodologies of one step forward of horizon 12, proved to be statistically more robust. It was found that there is weak evidence of long-term equilibrium between the Brazilian and American shrimp, where equivalently, was not found a causal link between them. We concluded that the dynamic pricing of commodity shrimp is strongly influenced by external productive factors and that these phenomena cause seasonal effects in the prices. There is no relationship of long-term stability between the Brazilian and American shrimp prices, but it is known that Brazil imports USA production inputs, which somehow shows some dependence productive. To the market agents, the risk of interferences of the external prices cointegrated to Brazilian is practically inexistent. Through statistical modeling is possible to minimize the risk and uncertainty embedded in the fish market, thus, the sales and marketing strategies for the Brazilian shrimp can be consolidated and widespread

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Sob a premissa de que a geometria do perfil deposicional das clinoformas pode conter informações sobre a composição textural dos sedimentos que as compõem, bem como sobre a energia da coluna d’água, foi desenvolvido um modelo computacional para a análise teórica dos fatores controladores do tipo de curvatura dos foresets das clinoformas, e, por extensão dos taludes submarinos. Um modelo análogo de suspensão dinâmica foi implementado experimentalmente com um programa em código Matlab, denominado MAXWELL, e é classificado como um modelo estratigráfico, bidimensional, analítico, determinístico, dinâmico, parcialmente dedutivo e parcialmente baseado em regras. Contém um modelo de escoamento de fluido em linhas de corrente, e trata indiretamente a tensão de cisalhamento no domínio de um sistema fechado bifásico líquido-vapor análogo, a partir a proposta de analogias entre os processos de evaporação e de suspensão de sedimentos. É uma abordagem baseada na competência de transporte do fluxo d’água, pois considera temperatura e velocidade de fluxo combinado onda-corrente como variáveis controladoras análogas da intensidade de transferência de energia. Os processos deposicionais marinhos são reduzidos a um fenômeno da superfície deposicional, que é considerada análoga a uma interface líquidovapor dentro de um sistema fechado. A equação de distribuição estatística de velocidades moleculares de Maxwell é usada para calcular a proporção de moléculas na fase líquida, considerada análoga à proporção de sedimentos depositados, bem como a proporção na fase vapor, tomada como análoga à proporção de sedimentos em suspensão. O estado energético do sistema é parametrizado por três potenciais: energia interna, como função do tamanho de grão (areia, silte ou argila); energia térmica do meio, como função da energia hidrodinâmica, e energia gravitacional, como função do declive topográfico As simulações indicam que os principais fatores controladores do perfil deposicional das clinoformas, e por extensão, dos taludes submarinos em geral, são a energia hidrodinâmica da coluna d’água e a granulometria (ou coesão) do sedimento, que podem ser consideradas dois parâmetros comutáveis, isto é, grãos grossos ou coesos podem produzir sobre a geometria das clinoformas o mesmo efeito da baixa energia hidrodinâmica, e vice-versa. Com base no fator de decaimento da energia hidrodinâmica com o aumento da batimetria, foram definidas três ordens de grandeza da intensidade da energia da coluna d’água: baixa energia (10–1), alta x energia (10-2) e muito alta energia (10-3). Com base nesse critério, foram caracterizados quatro tipos de perfis deposicionais de clinoformas: dois tipos sigmoidais e dois tipos exponenciais. Os tipos sigmoidais podem ser de alta energia ou de muito alta energia, e distinguem-se pela granulometria do sedimento e pela distribuição de declividades em relação à dimensão na direção horizontal. Os perfis de tipo exponencial podem ser tanto de baixa energia, quanto de alta energia. A subida relativa do nível do mar afeta o tipo geométrico do perfil deposicional apenas de forma indireta, a partir da retenção da fração grossa do influxo sedimentar na plataforma ou topset. Os principais fatores controladores do ângulo de declividade do perfil das clinoformas são a granulometria do sedimento, a energia hidrodinâmica, a profundidade d’água da bacia e o desvio lateral da corrente de fundo. A dedução da litofácies a partir da geometria das clinoformas parece promissora apenas para os tipos teóricos sigmoidais, que são distintos na forma e no conteúdo sedimentar.

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Pós-graduação em Educação Matemática - IGCE

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O trabalho tem como objetivo aplicar uma modelagem não linear ao Produto Interno Bruto brasileiro. Para tanto foi testada a existência de não linearidade do processo gerador dos dados com a metodologia sugerida por Castle e Henry (2010). O teste consiste em verificar a persistência dos regressores não lineares no modelo linear irrestrito. A seguir a série é modelada a partir do modelo autoregressivo com limiar utilizando a abordagem geral para específico na seleção do modelo. O algoritmo Autometrics é utilizado para escolha do modelo não linear. Os resultados encontrados indicam que o Produto Interno Bruto do Brasil é melhor explicado por um modelo não linear com três mudanças de regime, que ocorrem no inicio dos anos 90, que, de fato, foi um período bastante volátil. Através da modelagem não linear existe o potencial para datação de ciclos, no entanto os resultados encontrados não foram suficientes para tal análise.

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Modelos de predição baseados em estimações não-paramétricas continuam em desenvolvimento e têm permeado a comunidade quantitativa. Sua principal característica é que não consideram a priori distribuições de probabilidade conhecidas, mas permitem que os dados passados sirvam de base para a construção das próprias distribuições. Implementamos para o mercado brasileiro os estimadores agrupados não-paramétricos de Sam e Jiang (2009) para as funções de drift e de difusão do processo estocástico da taxa de juros instantânea, por meio do uso de séries de taxas de juros de diferentes maturidades fornecidas pelos contratos futuros de depósitos interfinanceiros de um dia (DI1). Os estimadores foram construídos sob a perspectiva da estimação por núcleos (kernels), que requer para a sua otimização um formato específico da função-núcleo. Neste trabalho, foi usado o núcleo de Epanechnikov, e um parâmetro de suavizamento (largura de banda), o qual é fundamental para encontrar a função de densidade de probabilidade ótima que forneça a estimação mais eficiente em termos do MISE (Mean Integrated Squared Error - Erro Quadrado Integrado Médio) no momento de testar o modelo com o tradicional método de validação cruzada de k-dobras. Ressalvas são feitas quando as séries não possuem os tamanhos adequados, mas a quebra estrutural do processo de difusão da taxa de juros brasileira, a partir do ano 2006, obriga à redução do tamanho das séries ao custo de reduzir o poder preditivo do modelo. A quebra estrutural representa um processo de amadurecimento do mercado brasileiro que provoca em grande medida o desempenho insatisfatório do estimador proposto.

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Este trabalho primeiramente explora fundamentos teóricos básicos para análise e implementação de algoritmos para a modelagem de séries temporais. A finalidade principal da modelagem de séries temporais será a predição para utilizá-la na arbitragem estatística. As séries utilizadas são retiradas de uma base de histórico do mercado de ações brasileiro. Estratégias de arbitragem estatística, mais especificamente pairs trading, utilizam a característica de reversão à média dos modelos para explorar um lucro potencial quando o módulo do spread está estatisticamente muito afastado de sua média. Além disso, os modelos dinâmicos deste trabalho apresentam parâmetros variantes no tempo que aumentam a sua flexibilidade e adaptabilidade em mudanças estruturais do processo. Os pares do algoritmo de pairs trading são escolhidos selecionando ativos de mesma empresa ou índices e ETFs (Exchange Trade Funds). A validação da escolha dos pares é feita utilizando testes de cointegração. As simulações demonstram os resultados dos testes de cointegração, a variação no tempo dos parâmetros do modelo e o resultado de um portfólio fictício.