996 resultados para Modal methods
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The objective of this paper is to show an alternative representation in time domain of a non-transposed three-phase transmission line decomposed in its exact modes by using two transformation matrices. The first matrix is Clarke's matrix that is real, frequency independent, easily represented in computational transient programs (EMTP) and separates the line into quasi-modes a, b and zero. After that, Quasi-modes a and zero are decomposed into their exact modes by using a modal transformation matrix whose elements can be synthesized in time domain through standard curve-fitting techniques. The main advantage of this alternative representation is to reduce the processing time because a frequency dependent modal transformation matrix of a three-phase line has nine elements to be represented in time domain while a modal transformation matrix of a two-phase line has only four elements. This paper shows modal decomposition process and eigenvectors of a non-transposed three-phase line with a vertical symmetry plane whose nominal voltage is 440 kV and line length is 500 km.
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A procedure to model optical diffused-channel waveguides is presented in this work. The dielectric waveguides present anisotropic refractive indexes which are calculated from the proton concentration. The proton concentration inside the channel is calculated by the anisotropic 2D-linear diffusion equation and converted to the refractive indexes using mathematical relations obtained from experimental data, the arbitrary refractive index profile is modeled by a. nodal expansion in the base functions. The TE and TM-like propagation properties (effective index) and the electromagnetic fields for well-annealed proton-exchanged (APE) LiNbO3 waveguides are computed by the finite element method.
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The objective of this letter is to propose an alternative modal representation of a nontransposed three-phase transmission line with a vertical symmetry plane by using two transformation matrices. Initially, Clarke's matrix is used to separate the line into components a, 0, and zero. Because a and zero components are not exact modes, they can be considered as being a two-phase line that will be decomposed in its exact modes by using a 2 x 2 modal transformation matrix. This letter will describe the characteristics of the two-phase line before mentioned. This modal representation is applied to decouple a nontransposed three-phase transmission line with a vertical symmetry plane whose nominal voltage is 440 kV.
Resumo:
The objective of this paper is to show an alternative representation in time domain of a non-transposed three-phase transmission line decomposed in its exact modes by using two transformation matrices. The first matrix is Clarke's matrix that is real, frequency independent, easily represented in computational transient programs (EMTP) and separates the line into Quasi-modes alpha, beta and zero. After that, Quasi-modes a and zero are decomposed into their exact modes by using a modal transformation matrix whose elements can be synthesized in time domain through standard curve-fitting techniques. The main advantage of this alternative representation is to reduce the processing time because a frequency dependent modal transformation matrix of a three-phase line has nine elements to be represented in time domain while a modal transformation matrix of a two-phase line has only four elements. This paper shows modal decomposition process and eigenvectors of a nontransposed three-phase line with a vertical symmetry plane whose nominal voltage is 440 kV and line length is 500 km.
Resumo:
The objective of this paper is to show an alternative representation in time domain of a non-transposed three-phase transmission line decomposed in its exact modes by using two transformation matrices. The first matrix is Clarke's matrix that is real, frequency independent, easily represented in computational transient programs (EMTP) and separates the line into Quasi-modes α, β and zero. After that, Quasi-modes a and zero are decomposed into their exact modes by using a modal transformation matrix whose elements can be synthesized in time domain through standard curve-fitting techniques. The main advantage of this alternative representation is to reduce the processing time because a frequency dependent modal transformation matrix of a three-phase line has nine elements to be represented in time domain while a modal transformation matrix of a two-phase line has only four elements. This paper shows modal decomposition process and eigenvectors of a non-transposed three-phase line with a vertical symmetry plane whose nominal voltage is 440 kV and line length is 500 km. ©2006 IEEE.
Resumo:
The objective of this paper is to show an alternative representation in time domain of a non-transposed three-phase transmission line decomposed in its exact modes by using two transformation matrices. The first matrix is Clarke's matrix that is real, frequency independent, easily represented in computational transient programs (EMTP) and separates the line into Quasi-modes α, β and zero. After that, Quasi-modes α and zero are decomposed into their exact modes by using a modal transformation matrix whose elements can be synthesized in time domain through standard curve-fitting techniques. The main advantage of this alternative representation is to reduce the processing time because a frequency dependent modal transformation matrix of a three-phase line has nine elements to be represented in time domain while a modal transformation matrix of a two-phase line has only four elements. This paper shows modal decomposition process and eigenvectors of a non-transposed three-phase line with a vertical symmetry plane whose nominal voltage is 440 kV and line length is 500 km. © 2006 IEEE.
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The phases of a transmission line are tightly coupled due to mutual impedances and admittances of the line. One way to accomplish the calculations of currents and voltages in multi-phase lines consists in representing them in modal domain, where its n coupled phases are represented by their n propagation modes. The separation line in their modes of propagation is through the use of a modal transformation matrix whose columns are eigenvectors associated with the parameters of the line. Usually, this matrix is achieved through numerical methods which does not allow the achievement of an analytical model for line developed directly in the phases domain. This work will show the modal transformation matrix of a hypothetical two-phase obtained with numerical and analytical procedures. It will be shown currents and voltage s at terminals of the line taking into account the use of modal transformation matrices obtained by using numerical and analytical procedures. © 2011 IEEE.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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A metodologia tradicional de identificação de parâmetros na análise modal de estruturas é realizada a partir de sinais medidos de força de entrada e de movimento de resposta da estrutura em condições laboratoriais controladas. Entretanto, quando é necessária a obtenção dos parâmetros modais de estruturas de máquinas em operação, as condições para controlar e medir a excitação nestas situações impossibilita a realização da análise modal tradicional. Neste caso, o teste modal é realizado utilizando somente dados de resposta do sistema. A Análise Modal Operacional (AMO) é um método de extração modal em que nenhuma excitação artificial necessita ser aplicada ao sistema, utilizando-se a própria excitação operacional como entrada para medição da resposta do sistema. A técnica clássica de Análise Modal Operacional NExT considera, para isso, que a excitação operacional do sistema seja um ruído branco. Esta técnica faz a consideração de que as funções de correlação obtidas de estruturas podem ser consideradas como funções de resposta ao impulso e então métodos tradicionais de identificação modal no domínio do tempo podem ser empregados. Entretanto, caso a excitação operacional contenha componentes harmônicos que se sobressaiam, estes podem ser confundidos como modos naturais do sistema. Neste trabalho é demonstrada que através da função densidade de probabilidade da banda estreita contendo o pico de um modo, é possível identifica-lo como natural ou operacional (proveniente da excitação operacional da estrutura). É apresentada também uma modificação no método de identificação modal Exponencial Complexa Mínimos Quadrados (LSCE), passando a considerar sinais harmônicos de freqüências conhecidas presentes na excitação operacional, em um ensaio utilizando a técnica NExT. Para validação desses métodos, utiliza-se um modelo teórico de parâmetros modais conhecidos analiticamente e como estudo de caso experimental, um sistema formado por uma viga bi-apoiada suportando um motor elétrico com desbalanceamento de massa.
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Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia para o estudo da ambiguidade na interpretação de dados geofísicos. Várias soluções alternativas, representativas da região de maior ambiguidade no espaço de parâmetros são obtidas, sendo posteriormente grupadas e ordenadas pela análise fatorial modo Q. Esta metodologia foi aplicada a dados sintéticos de campo potencial simulando-se causas de ambiguidade como discretização e truncamento da anomalia e a presença de ruídos aleatório e geológico. Um único prisma foi usado como modelo interpretativo, sendo a espessura a principal causa de ambiguidade tanto na gravimetria como na magnetometria. Segue-se a profundidade do topo sempre associada à espessura, quando o sinal da anomalia é alto. Quando a anomalia tem sinal baixo, a largura torna-se o segundo parâmetro mais importante, também associada à espessura. Ao contrário da presença de interferências geológicas, a presença de ruído aleatório nos campos, não é fator importante na ambiguidade. A aplicação da metodologia a dados reais ilustra o papel desta análise na caracterização de soluções alternativas e a importância da informação a priori na caracterização das causas de ambiguidade. A metodologia apresentada pode ser empregada em diversos estágios de um programa de prospecção fornecendo em cada estágio uma análise dos principais fatores causadores da ambiguidade, que poderá ser util no planejamento dos estágios seguintes. Comparada a outros métodos de análise de ambiguidade, como por exemplo regiões de confiança, a metodologia estudada destaca-se por não precisar satisfazer premissas estatísticas sobre a distribuição dos erros.
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In this paper, natural frequencies were analyzed (axial, torsional and flexural) and frequency response of a vertical rotor with a hard disk at the edge through the classical modal and complex analysis. The equation that rules the movement was obtained through the Lagrangian formulation. The model considered the effects of bending, torsion and axial deformation of the shaft, besides the gravitational and gyroscopic effects. The finite element method was used to discretize the structure into hollow cylindrical elements with 12 degrees of freedom. Mass, stiffness and gyroscopic matrices were explained consistently. The classical modal analysis, usually applied to stationary structures, does not consider an important characteristic of rotating machinery which are the methods of forward and backward whirl. Initially, through the traditional modal analysis, axial and torsional natural frequencies were obtained in a static shaft, since they do not suffer the influence of gyroscopic effects. Later research was performed by complex modal analysis. This type of tool, based on the use of complex coordinates to describe the dynamic behavior of rotating shaft, allows the decomposition of the system in two submodes, backward and forward. Thus, it is possible to clearly visualize that the orbit and direction of the precessional motion around the line of the rotating shaft is not deformed. A finite element program was developed using MATLAB (TM) and numerical simulations were performed to validate this model. Natural frequencies and directional frequency forced response (dFRF) were obtained using the complex modal analysis for a simple vertical rotor and also for a typical drill string used in the construction of oil wells.
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS
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Given a large image set, in which very few images have labels, how to guess labels for the remaining majority? How to spot images that need brand new labels different from the predefined ones? How to summarize these data to route the user’s attention to what really matters? Here we answer all these questions. Specifically, we propose QuMinS, a fast, scalable solution to two problems: (i) Low-labor labeling (LLL) – given an image set, very few images have labels, find the most appropriate labels for the rest; and (ii) Mining and attention routing – in the same setting, find clusters, the top-'N IND.O' outlier images, and the 'N IND.R' images that best represent the data. Experiments on satellite images spanning up to 2.25 GB show that, contrasting to the state-of-the-art labeling techniques, QuMinS scales linearly on the data size, being up to 40 times faster than top competitors (GCap), still achieving better or equal accuracy, it spots images that potentially require unpredicted labels, and it works even with tiny initial label sets, i.e., nearly five examples. We also report a case study of our method’s practical usage to show that QuMinS is a viable tool for automatic coffee crop detection from remote sensing images.
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In this thesis, numerical methods aiming at determining the eigenfunctions, their adjoint and the corresponding eigenvalues of the two-group neutron diffusion equations representing any heterogeneous system are investigated. First, the classical power iteration method is modified so that the calculation of modes higher than the fundamental mode is possible. Thereafter, the Explicitly-Restarted Arnoldi method, belonging to the class of Krylov subspace methods, is touched upon. Although the modified power iteration method is a computationally-expensive algorithm, its main advantage is its robustness, i.e. the method always converges to the desired eigenfunctions without any need from the user to set up any parameter in the algorithm. On the other hand, the Arnoldi method, which requires some parameters to be defined by the user, is a very efficient method for calculating eigenfunctions of large sparse system of equations with a minimum computational effort. These methods are thereafter used for off-line analysis of the stability of Boiling Water Reactors. Since several oscillation modes are usually excited (global and regional oscillations) when unstable conditions are encountered, the characterization of the stability of the reactor using for instance the Decay Ratio as a stability indicator might be difficult if the contribution from each of the modes are not separated from each other. Such a modal decomposition is applied to a stability test performed at the Swedish Ringhals-1 unit in September 2002, after the use of the Arnoldi method for pre-calculating the different eigenmodes of the neutron flux throughout the reactor. The modal decomposition clearly demonstrates the excitation of both the global and regional oscillations. Furthermore, such oscillations are found to be intermittent with a time-varying phase shift between the first and second azimuthal modes.