Morphology observation of carbon deposition by CH4 decomposition over Ni-based catalysts

We found a novel morphology variation of carbon deposition derived from CH4 decomposition over NI-based catalysts. By altering the chemical composition and particle size of Ni-based catalysts, carbon filaments, nanofibres and nanotubes were observed over conventional Ni/y-Al2O3, Ni-Co/gamma-Al2O3 and nanoscale Ni-Co/gamma-Al2O3 catalysts, respectively. The simple introduction of Co into a conventional Ni/gamma-Al2O3 catalyst can vary the carbon deposition from amorphous filamentous carbon to ordered carbon fibres. Moreover, carbon nanotubes with uniform diameter distribution can be obtained over nanosized Ni-Co/gamma-Al2O3 catalyst particles. In addition, the oxidation behaviour of the different deposited carbon was studied by using a temperature-programmed oxidation technique. This work provides a simple strategy to control over the size and morphology of the carbon deposition from catalytic decomposition of CH4.

Effect of support on chromium based catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of C2H6 with CO2 to C2H4

The oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (ODE) with CO2 to C2H4 has been studied over a series of Cr-based catalysts using SiO2, Al2O3, (MCM-41 zeolite) MCM-41, MgO and Silicate-2 (Si-2) as the supports. TPR, NH3-TPD, and EPR characterizations of catalysts were carried out to investigate the reduction property of Cr species on different supports, the acidities of catalysts and Cr species of 6Cr/SiO2 catalysts, respectively.

On the induction period of methane aromatization over Mo-based catalysts

The behavior of different species during the temperature-programmed surface reaction (TPSR) of methane over various catalysts is traced by an online mass spectrometer, It is demonstrated that the transformation of MoO3 to molybdenum carbide hinders the activation of methane as well as the succeeding aromatization in the TPSR, If this transformation process is done before the reaction, the temperature needed for methane activation and benzene formation will be greatly lowered (760 and 847 K, respectively). On the basis of comparison of the catalytic behavior of molybdenum supported on different zeolites, it is suggested that the initial activation of methane is the rate-determining step of this reaction. For the cobalt catalysts supported on HMCM-22 or Mo catalysts supported on TiO2, no benzene formation could be observed during the TPSR, However, the prohibition of benzene formation is different in nature over these two catalysts: the former lacks the special properties exhibited by molybdenum carbide, which can continuously activate methane even when multiple layers of carbonaceous species are formed on its surface, while the latter cannot accomplish the aromatization reaction since there are no Bronsted acid sites to which the activated intermediates can migrate, although the activation of methane can be achieved on it. Only for the catalysts that possess both of these properties, together with the special channel structure of zeolite, can efficient methane aromatization be accomplished. (C) 2000 Academic Press.

Vinylic polymerization of norbornene by neutral nickel(II)-based catalysts

Neutral Ni(II) salicylaldiminato complexes activated with modified methylaluminoxane as catalysts were used for the vinylic polymerization of norbornene. Catalyst activities of up to 7.08 x 10(4) kg(pol)/(mol(Ni) (.) h) and viscosity-average molecular weights of polymer up to 1.5 x 10(6) g/mol were observed at optimum conditions. Polynorbornenes are amorphous, soluble in organic solvents, highly stable, and show glass-transition temperatures around 390 degreesC. Catalyst activity, polymer yield, and polymer molecular weight can be controlled over a wide range by the variation of the reaction parameters such as the Al/Ni ratio, monomer/catalyst ratio, monomer concentration, polymerization reaction temperature, and time.

FT-IR spectroscopic study of the oxidation of chlorobenzene over Mn-based catalyst

Adsorption and oxidation of chlorobenzene on Al(2)O(3), TiO(2)-Al(2)O(3), and MnO(x)/TiO(2)-Al(2)O(3) have been studied by in situ Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. At room temperature, chlorobenzene is only physisorbed on Al(2)O(3), TiO(2)-Al(2)O(3), and MnO(x)/TiO(2)-Al(2)O(3), and gives the same IR spectrum as that for liquid-phase chlorobenzene. On Al(2)O(3) no further interaction and reaction take place with treatment, at higher temperatures (up to 773 K), while phenolates are observed for TiO(2)-Al(2)O(3) and MnO(x)/TiO(2)-Al(2)O(3) at 773 K. When the adsorbed chlorobenzene coexists with oxygen, formates are detected for Al(2)O(3), while acetates are additionally observed for TiO(2-)Al(2)O(3) above 573 K. For MnO(x)/TiO(2-)Al(2)O(3), maleates are present at 573 And 673 K, while formates and acetates develop at 473 and 573 K. Almost all IR bands due to formates, acetates, and maleates disappear at 773 K, indicating that these oxygen-containing species are potential intermediates for the total oxidation of chlorobenzene.

Selective oxidehydrogenation of ethane with CO2 over CeO2-based catalysts

Ceria catalysts were found active and selective to the oxidehydrogenation of ethane (ODE) with CO2 and the actual contribution for C2H4 formation from heterogeneous catalysis was 75-55% in the range 953-993 K. The presence of calcium ions in solid solution in the ceria crystalline network increased significatively the selectivity to ethene and the efficiency of CO2 as oxidant in the heterogeneous reaction. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.