Contribuição da Geodésia ao monitoramento costeiro do Litoral Setentrional do Rio Grande do Norte, área de influência da indústria petrolífera

The general objective of this thesis has been seasonal monitoring (quarterly time scale) of coastal and estuarine areas of a section of the Northern Coast of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, environmentally sensitive and with intense sediment erosion in the oil activities to underpin the implementation of projects for containment of erosion and mitigate the impacts of coastal dynamics. In order to achieve the general objective, the work was done systematically in three stages which consisted the specific objectives. The first stage was the implementation of geodetic reference infrastructure for carrying out the geodetic survey of the study area. This process included the implementation of RGLS (Northern Coast of the RN GPS Network), consisting of stations with geodetic coordinates and orthometric heights of precision; positioning of Benchmarks and evaluation of the gravimetric geoid available, for use in GPS altimetry of precision; and development of software for GPS altimetry of precision. The second stage was the development and improvement of methodologies for collection, processing, representation, integration and analysis of CoastLine (CL) and Digital Elevation Models (DEM) obtained by geodetic positioning techniques. As part of this stage have been made since, the choice of equipment and positioning methods to be used, depending on the required precision and structure implanted, and the definition of the LC indicator and of the geodesic references best suited, to coastal monitoring of precision. The third step was the seasonal geodesic monitoring of the study area. It was defined the execution times of the geodetic surveys by analyzing the pattern of sediment dynamics of the study area; the performing of surveys in order to calculate and locate areas and volumes of erosion and accretion (sandy and volumetric sedimentary balance) occurred on CL and on the beaches and islands surfaces throughout the year, and study of correlations between the measured variations (in area and volume) between each survey and the action of the coastal dynamic agents. The results allowed an integrated study of spatial and temporal interrelationships of the causes and consequences of intensive coastal processes operating in the area, especially to the measurement of variability of erosion, transport, balance and supply sedimentary over the annual cycle of construction and destruction of beaches. In the analysis of the results, it was possible to identify the causes and consequences of severe coastal erosion occurred on beaches exposed, to analyze the recovery of beaches and the accretion occurring in tidal inlets and estuaries. From the optics of seasonal variations in the CL, human interventions to erosion contention have been proposed with the aim of restoring the previous situation of the beaches in the process of erosion.

Estratégia pública de gestão ambiental :uma contribuição para a realização de eventos públicos

The present study is included in the environmental international theme, approaching the search for the environmental conformity in public events. It describes the main environmental impacts, objects of the study Sound Disturbances, implications concerning the increase in the Volume of Traffic and in the volume of Solid Residues generated in the surroundings of the event. The methodology used consists of the report of the case study of the festivity called Carnatal, held in Natal/RN, in December of 2001. As a work method, it was used a quantitative evaluation of the sound intensity level, according to the effective legislation, an electronic count of volume of traffic and an evaluation of the productive performance of the means of production of public urban sanitation company used in the event. The results pinpoint the recognition of the impacts generated by the event and the proposition of a Program of Environmental Management, aiming at, in addition to the establishment of the instruments and goals for the mitigation of the impacts, defining the role of the social actors in the search for the environmental conformity of festivities

Desempenho produtivo da tilápia do nilo em tanques-rede numa represa pública: modelo empírico de classificação

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

O licenciamento ambiental da mineração no Quadrilátero Ferrífero de Minas Gerais: uma análise da implementação de medidas de controle ambiental formuladas em EIAs/RIMAs

Instrumento de política pública ligado ao licenciamento ambiental prévio de projetos de empreendimentos potencialmente degradadores do ambiente, a Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (AIA), atualmente, apresenta algumas inconsistências. Dentre elas, autores registram a disparidade no que se refere à indicação e à efetiva implantação das medidas de controle ambiental estabelecidas nos EIA/RIMAs. Diante disso, o presente trabalho analisa a implantação das medidas mitigadoras estabelecidas para empreendimentos minerais licenciados pela Fundação Estadual do Meio Ambiente (FEAM) do Estado de Minas Gerais, para a região do Quadrilátero Ferrífero. No estudo, constata-se que intervenções ambientais são hoje partes integrantes dos projetos minerais; porém, como na mineração a operação impõe certo dinamismo ao empreendimento, verifica-se que parte das medidas mitigadoras apontadas no EIA acaba não sendo executada, como o previsto e o aprovado na fase da Licença Prévia (LP), enquanto outras apenas ficam listadas como propostas de mitigação de impactos, deixando de ser efetivamente executadas.

Capacidade de carga real (ccr) da caverna de santana, parque estadual turístico do alto ribeira (Petar) - sp, e indicações para o seu manejo turístico

The tourist use of Santana cave provides a row of environmental damages, compromising partially the pristine conditions. Among the measures adopted to avoid this situation, this issue presents a contribution for the physical limits to tourist visitation and the indications for speleotouristic management. It was used the Cifuentes Carrying Capacity method and some basic principles of Visitors Impact Management Framework - VIM. The results show a Real Carrying Capacity (CCR) about 120 visits daily on the cave. The discussions raise a few hypotheses about the alteration in the method used and the temporal frequency between visitors groups, suggesting a provisional CCR of 117 and 135 visitors daily, respectively, during the week and in the weekends and holidays. The conclusions appoint the necessity of a conceptual revision in the Carrying Capacity methods, mainly about its adaptation for tourist management in caves. In the case studied, it is suggested the immediate beginning of environmental monitoring of the cave, to verify the plausibility from proposed visitation limits and the possible contributions for to mitigate the environmental impacts from speleotourism.

Fatores críticos de sucesso da gestão ambiental com foco em eco-eficiência energética: estudo de múltiplos casos em unidades prestadoras de serivços hospitalares

Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Produção - FEB

Utilização de dutos descartados do gasoduto Coari-Manaus para confecção de ponte provisória sobre o Igarapé do Cedro segundo a norma API5LX70

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma alternativa de construção de uma obra de engenharia, com o aproveitamento de dutos API 5L X70 descartados do gasoduto Coari-Manaus, no processo de construção de uma ponte provisória sobre o Igarapé do Cedro na floresta amazônica, para viabilizar os transportes de materiais e de trabalhadores para produção industrial de construção da Estação de Compressão – ECOMP em Juaruna. Para verificação do comportamento de um elemento da ponte, utilizou-se o programa Ansys 8.0 que aplica o método numérico como análise das tensões e deformações de elementos estruturais submetidos a esforços. Apresenta também uma proposta ambiental de mitigação dos impactos provocados pelos equipamentos na travessia do Igarapé do Cedro e os desafios logísticos de transportes enfrentados pelas empresas na região amazônica.

Variação espaço temporal da comunidade zooplanctônica em viveiros de cultivo de camarão branco, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931), no município Curuçá, Pará-Brasil

Ao longo das últimas décadas, a carcinicultura vem apresentando um grande crescimento em diversas partes do mundo, com o Brasil seguindo esta tendência mundial (FAO, 2004). Nesta atividade três espécies de camarão têm se destacado como as mais cultivadas, sendo elas Penaeus monodon (Fabricius, 1798), Fenneropenaeus chinensis (Osbeck, 1765) e Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931), responsáveis por cerca de 80% da produção mundial (FAO, 2004). No Brasil L. vannamei é a espécie mais cultivada, com a produção brasileira correspondendo a 5% da produção mundial (FAO, 2004). L. vannamei é uma espécie marinha originária do Oceano Pacífico, distribuída do México ao Peru. Por ser eurihalino, este camarão pode se adaptar às mais diversas condições de cultivo, desde águas salgadas até de menores salinidades (BRAY et al., 1993; PONCE-PALAFOX et al., 1997), característica que tem aumentado o interesse dos produtores. Embora seja exótica no Brasil, L. vannamei, mostra maior resistência à variação de temperatura e salinidade do que outros camarões peneídeos nativos (BRITO et al., 2000). O alimento do camarão e as estratégias de seu fornecimento têm merecido uma atenção especial do setor, gerando novas técnicas ou seu aperfeiçoamento. A ração nos sistemas de cultivo intensivo e semi-intensivo, por exemplo, é responsável por 50-60% dos custos totais de produção, demonstrando a importância de novas estratégias para minimizar sue uso. O aumento da biomassa do plâncton (alimento natural), e conseqüentemente, da cadeia alimentar, reduz os custos com a alimentação suplementar, influenciando diretamente os custos finais de produção (AVAULT, 2003). Segundo Nunes (1995), o incremento da produtividade natural é tão importante quanto o uso de uma ração nutricionalmente completa e bem balanceada. Logo após a introdução nos viveiros de cultivo, a base da alimentação de L. vannamei é composta, em parte, pelo alimento natural disponível (NUNES et al. 1997; MARTINEZ-CORDOVA et al. 1997; ROTHLISBERG, 1998) complementada com ração comercial. Martinez-Cordova et al. (2002) mostraram que as concentrações de clorofila ‘a’ diminuem cerca de 50% do início ao fim do cultivo, provavelmente devido a pastagem pelo zooplâncton e por alguns invertebrados bentônicos. Além da importância do zooplâncton como alimento para as pós-larvas de camarão nos viveiros de engorda, o uso destes organismos (principalmente copépodes) como alimento vivo na aqüicultura marinha vem recebendo grande atenção nos últimos anos (DELBARE et al. 1996). Tal fato ocorre por serem ricos em fosfolipídios, ácidos graxos essenciais altamente insaturados e antioxidantes naturais, sendo nutricionalmente superiores aos rotíferos e aos náuplios de artemia, comumente usados na larvicultura marinha (SARGENT et al. 1997, STOTTRUP e NOSKER, 1997) promovendo o sucesso as larviculturas de camarão (PAYNE et al. 1998; SCHIPP et al. 1999; PAYNE e RIPPINGALE, 2000). Desta forma, estudos sobre o cultivo intensivo de camarões marinhos que enfoquem a composição da comunidade planctônica, as variáveis bióticas e abióticas no sistema, e a característica dos efluentes gerados, são de grande importância. Assim, os resultados obtidos podem incrementar a produtividade aquática no cultivo, alem de fornecer subsídios para pesquisas posteriores de avaliação e mitigação dos impactos ambientais causados por esta atividade.

Práticas de gestão ambiental das indústrias coureiras de Franca-SP

The leather footwear industry is an important sector in the Brazilian economy. The tannery industry accounted for $ 2.05 billion to exports in 2011, which represents a contribution of 6.86% to the Brazilian balance of trade. However, it is a highly polluting industry generating highly toxic and hazardous waste. Therefore, it is extremely important to search for environmental management actions that allow a cleaner production and waste recycling to prevent its discharge into the environment resulting in the deterioration of nature and quality of human life. Thus, based on a literature review and exploratory research, this study consisted of an analysis of some environmental management actions adopted by the leather industry in Franca - SP verifying if the industries have certifications or follow standards that characterize a responsible environmental management. This study is justified by the fact that tanneries and footwear industries produce highly hazardous waste, and therefore environmental actions are necessary to treat the waste effectively in order to minimize its environmental impacts. The literature review and empirical research conducted demonstrated the development of new techniques and technologies aiming at mitigating the impacts of leather waste in the environment. These actions are crucial for companies to remain competitive and focused on sustainability in this rapidly growing market.

Caracterização da sensibilidade ambiental da Baixada Santista no estado de São Paulo

This study aimed to perform the analysis and characterization of environmental sensitivity to oil from Baixada Santista in the State of São Paulo. The work was done by integrating data of physical environmet, socio-economic activities and the biological / ecological provided by the Research Group on Environmental Sensitivity to Oil Spill in the Institute of Geosciences and Exact Sciences of UNESP “Julio de Mesquita Filho” wich works in the conjunction with the Program of Human Resources Training in Geosciences and Environmental Sciences Applied to the Oil and Gas (PRH-05) of the National Petroleum Agency (ANP). Were also performed descriptive statistical analysis, based on dispersion and trend parameters, which allowed to answer questions related to environmental sensitivity index (ISL) prevalence, the predominance of the ISL by environment and the predominance of the environments of the area, thus providing an overview of Baixada Santista’s main towns about sensitivity to oil. Analyses performed in this study may also help mitigate the environmental and socioeconomic impacts and contribute to contingency plans development for Baixada Santista

O Sistema de Gestão Ambiental e sua contribuição socioambiental para a biblioteca central da UNESP, Campus Rio Claro/SP

The minimization and mitigation of environmental impacts caused by the activities of organizations is increasingly becoming a key concern due to factors such as market demand, including suppliers and consumer markets, quality standards and even marketing strategies. The implementation of an EMS - Environmental Management System - allows the organization to achieve the level of environmental performance for its determined and promotes continuous improvement over time. This system consists of a schedule of activities, so as to eliminate or minimize impacts to the environment through preventive actions. It also provides a structured approach to set and achieve goals and objectives, and to establish procedures, work instructions and control, ensuring that the implementation of the policy can become reality. The objective of this work consists in planning a system using environmental management based on the ISO 14001 - standard internationally more widespread and accepted in the requirements to establish and operate an EMS - the Central Library, UNESP, Rio Claro / SP to stimulate the quest for continuous improvement and sustainability in the educational institution. For making the diagnosis of this planning was used the PDCA methodology, suggested by the standard, as well as all requirements for compliance. The results show that the benefits that the organization will receive involve reducing expenses and cost of energy and water, and improve the organization's reputation before the whole university and other educational institutions, reaching about three thousand people on university

Diagóstico ambiental de empreendimentos do distrito industrial Antônio Crepaldi – Presidente Prudente/SP

Recently, the environmental concern has grown due to the higher awareness about the availability and the importance of natural resources for survival on the Earth. So, laws and regulations were implemented aiming the environmental preservation. It has being developed new systems, technologies and techniques in order to minimize wastage of resources and minimize waste generation that may cause environmental impacts, in order to abide by the laws and regulations. These techniques and systems have been developed mostly for the industrial sector, because it’s one of the most responsible for the waste generation and impacts. One of the most employed systems is the environmental management, performed during the environmental diagnosis of the area/activity. So, this study aimed the environmental assessment and the establishment of proposals for the mitigation of the most significant environmental impacts generated in five industries of the Antonio Crepaldi industrial district – Presidente Prudente, in order to contribute to environmental issues and provide greater efficiency in the productive process of these industries... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Diagnóstico ambiental do Córrego Bandeirantes, município de Rio Claro, SP: parâmetros biológicos e metais-traço

This study was conducted to verify water quality and environmental impacts related to the occupation of the watershed of the Bandeirantes stream, located in Rio Claro, SP. The intention is to propose measures to enable the mitigation of negative impacts, and boosting the recovery and maintenance of the quality of water resources, preventing its complete degradation. Water analysis were performed at three different points, east, crossing the Ring Road (dirt road) and near the confluence with the Ribeirão Claro. The results indicated significant degradation of water, especially after the crossing, where it witnessed the accumulation of solid waste and easy access to the stream, both for animals as for people, due to limited riparian it. Another impact was observed the current construction of the Forum of Rio Claro in the right side of the stream studied, causing change in the landscape, change the flow properties and removal of existing vegetation at the site of work, defined as an environmentally protected area, as determined by existing law. Measures such as: restoration of riparian zones, effluent treatment, planned urban growth and environmental education of the population, would be essential to mitigate the environmental impacts of watershed Bandeirantes stream

Estudo comparativo de dois tipos de cultivo: monocultivo (camarões) versus cultivo integrado (algas/camarões)

The integrated culture of seaweed and aquatic animals is an ancient practice in Asian countries. The expansion of this practice to western countries is consequence of the recognition of this system as a sustainable alternative that allows economical diversification and mitigation of environmental impacts generated by effluents of aquaculture. This study evaluated the growth of the seaweed Gracilaria caudata and of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in monoculture (shrimps) and integrated culture (shrimps and algae) systems, and accessed the effect of the seaweed in the water quality. There were two treatments in the experiment: monoculture (shrimps) and integrated culture (shrimps/ algae). The organisms were cultured in 6 aquaria (10L) filled with seawater (35.0±0.0 PSU and 28.1±0.4°C) for 28 days. The nutrients of water (PO43-, NH4+, NO2-, NO3- and DIN), the biomass and the relative growth rate (RGR, % day-1) of seaweed and shrimps were measured weekly. The parameters pH, temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen were measured daily. The concentration of NH4+ in integrated culture (62.8±25.2µM) was lower (Mann-Whitney p<0.001) than in monoculture (85.6±24.3µM). The mean of PO4- in monoculture (10.4±4.6µM) was markedly higher (Mann-Whitney; p=0.024) than that in integrated culture (8.7±4.1µM). The level of dissolved oxygen in integrated culture (6.0±0.6mg/L) was higher (t-Student; P=0.014) than that in shrimp monoculture (5.8±0.6mg/L). The mean values of the parameters pH, NO2-, NO3- and DIN were 7.5±0.2, 10.1±12.2µM, 24.5±3.2µM and 120.17±30.76µM in monoculture, and 7.5±0.2, 10.5±13.2µM, 27.4±3.5µM and 100.76±49.59µM in integrated culture. There were not differences in these parameters between treatments. The biomass and RGR of seaweed reached 15.0±1.9g and 7.4±2.8% day-1 at the end of the experiment. The performance of shrimp was favorable in monoculture (1.5±0.8g; 5.7±1.6% dia-1) and in integrated culture (1.5±0.7g; 5.2±1.2% dia-1), and the rate of survival was 100% in both treatments. The tolerance and favorable performance of Gracilaria caudata suggest that this seaweed might be integrated into shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture systems

Estudo comparativo de dois tipos de cultivo: monocultivo (camarões) versus cultivo integrado (algas/camarões)

The integrated culture of seaweed and aquatic animals is an ancient practice in Asian countries. The expansion of this practice to western countries is consequence of the recognition of this system as a sustainable alternative that allows economical diversification and mitigation of environmental impacts generated by effluents of aquaculture. This study evaluated the growth of the seaweed Gracilaria caudata and of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in monoculture (shrimps) and integrated culture (shrimps and algae) systems, and accessed the effect of the seaweed in the water quality. There were two treatments in the experiment: monoculture (shrimps) and integrated culture (shrimps/ algae). The organisms were cultured in 6 aquaria (10L) filled with seawater (35.0±0.0 PSU and 28.1±0.4°C) for 28 days. The nutrients of water (PO43-, NH4+, NO2-, NO3- and DIN), the biomass and the relative growth rate (RGR, % day-1) of seaweed and shrimps were measured weekly. The parameters pH, temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen were measured daily. The concentration of NH4+ in integrated culture (62.8±25.2µM) was lower (Mann-Whitney p<0.001) than in monoculture (85.6±24.3µM). The mean of PO4- in monoculture (10.4±4.6µM) was markedly higher (Mann-Whitney; p=0.024) than that in integrated culture (8.7±4.1µM). The level of dissolved oxygen in integrated culture (6.0±0.6mg/L) was higher (t-Student; P=0.014) than that in shrimp monoculture (5.8±0.6mg/L). The mean values of the parameters pH, NO2-, NO3- and DIN were 7.5±0.2, 10.1±12.2µM, 24.5±3.2µM and 120.17±30.76µM in monoculture, and 7.5±0.2, 10.5±13.2µM, 27.4±3.5µM and 100.76±49.59µM in integrated culture. There were not differences in these parameters between treatments. The biomass and RGR of seaweed reached 15.0±1.9g and 7.4±2.8% day-1 at the end of the experiment. The performance of shrimp was favorable in monoculture (1.5±0.8g; 5.7±1.6% dia-1) and in integrated culture (1.5±0.7g; 5.2±1.2% dia-1), and the rate of survival was 100% in both treatments. The tolerance and favorable performance of Gracilaria caudata suggest that this seaweed might be integrated into shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture systems