Survey of the potential environmental and health impacts in the immediate aftermath of the coal ash spill in Kingston, Tennessee.

An investigation of the potential environmental and health impacts in the immediate aftermath of one of the largest coal ash spills in U.S. history at the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Kingston coal-burning power plant has revealed three major findings. First the surface release of coal ash with high levels of toxic elements (As = 75 mg/kg; Hg = 150 microg/kg) and radioactivity (226Ra + 228Ra = 8 pCi/g) to the environment has the potential to generate resuspended ambient fine particles (< 10 microm) containing these toxics into the atmosphere that may pose a health risk to local communities. Second, leaching of contaminants from the coal ash caused contamination of surface waters in areas of restricted water exchange, but only trace levels were found in the downstream Emory and Clinch Rivers due to river dilution. Third, the accumulation of Hg- and As-rich coal ash in river sediments has the potential to have an impact on the ecological system in the downstream rivers by fish poisoning and methylmercury formation in anaerobic river sediments.

Boron and strontium isotopic characterization of coal combustion residuals: validation of new environmental tracers.

In the U.S., coal fired power plants produce over 136 million tons of coal combustion residuals (CCRs) annually. CCRs are enriched in toxic elements, and their leachates can have significant impacts on water quality. Here we report the boron and strontium isotopic ratios of leaching experiments on CCRs from a variety of coal sources (Appalachian, Illinois, and Powder River Basins). CCR leachates had a mostly negative δ(11)B, ranging from -17.6 to +6.3‰, and (87)Sr/(86)Sr ranging from 0.70975 to 0.71251. Additionally, we utilized these isotopic ratios for tracing CCR contaminants in different environments: (1) the 2008 Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) coal ash spill affected waters; (2) CCR effluents from power plants in Tennessee and North Carolina; (3) lakes and rivers affected by CCR effluents in North Carolina; and (4) porewater extracted from sediments in lakes affected by CCRs. The boron isotopes measured in these environments had a distinctive negative δ(11)B signature relative to background waters. In contrast (87)Sr/(86)Sr ratios in CCRs were not always exclusively different from background, limiting their use as a CCR tracer. This investigation demonstrates the validity of the combined geochemical and isotopic approach as a unique and practical identification method for delineating and evaluating the environmental impact of CCRs.

Les influences transnationales sur la nationalisation de l’électricité au Québec (1934-1963)

Ce mémoire de maîtrise analyse les influences transnationales qui ont mené à la nationalisation de l’électricité au Québec. En contraste avec les précédentes études sur Hydro-Québec voulant que les incitatifs locaux fussent la source exclusive de la nationalisation de l’électricité au Québec, cette recherche vient démontrer que les idées transnationales ont été tout aussi influentes. Tout au long du récit, on voit que la conjoncture politico-économique de refonte du libéralisme économique classique vers une version plus keynésienne de l’économie occidentale a été un stimulant de première importance pour la nationalisation de l’électricité au Québec. Dans le premier chapitre sont détaillées les nationalisations d’électricité de l’Ontario, de la Vallée du Tennessee et de la France, ainsi que les relations qu’elles ont eues entre elles et avec le Québec. Dans un second temps, il est démontré que l’étatisation de l’électricité en Ontario au début du XXe siècle et celle de la Vallée du Tennessee durant la crise économique des années 1930 ont été des incitatifs majeurs pour le projet menant à la nationalisation de la Montreal Light Heat & Power en 1944. Enfin, dans le troisième chapitre, ce sont les influences venant des nationalisations d’électricité étasunienne, ontarienne et française sur la nationalisation de l’ensemble des compagnies d’électricité québécoises de 1963 qui sont analysées.

The Snail Darter, The Tellico Dam, and Sustainable Democracy — Lessons for the Next President From a Classic Environmental Law Controversy.

This presentation was the product of an invitation to speak at a symposium for students and faculty from a variety of different non-law departments at the University of Tennessee, where in 1973 I had started what became a six-year legal campaign to divert the Tennessee Valley Authority from impounding the last flowing 33 miles of the Little Tennessee River behind TVA’s Tellico Dam.

Effects of Air Pollution Control on Climate

Urban air pollution and climate are closely connected due to shared generating processes (e.g., combustion) for emissions of the driving gases and aerosols. They are also connected because the atmospheric lifecycles of common air pollutants such as CO, NOx and VOCs, and of the climatically important methane gas (CH4) and sulfate aerosols, both involve the fast photochemistry of the hydroxyl free radical (OH). Thus policies designed to address air pollution may impact climate and vice versa. We present calculations using a model coupling economics, atmospheric chemistry, climate and ecosystems to illustrate some effects of air pollution policy alone on global warming. We consider caps on emissions of NOx, CO, volatile organic carbon, and SOx both individually and combined in two ways. These caps can lower ozone causing less warming, lower sulfate aerosols yielding more warming, lower OH and thus increase CH4 giving more warming, and finally, allow more carbon uptake by ecosystems leading to less warming. Overall, these effects significantly offset each other suggesting that air pollution policy has a relatively small net effect on the global mean surface temperature and sea level rise. However, our study does not account for the effects of air pollution policies on overall demand for fossil fuels and on the choice of fuels (coal, oil, gas), nor have we considered the effects of caps on black carbon or organic carbon aerosols on climate. These effects, if included, could lead to more substantial impacts of capping pollutant emissions on global temperature and sea level than concluded here. Caps on aerosols in general could also yield impacts on other important aspects of climate beyond those addressed here, such as the regional patterns of cloudiness and precipitation.

Issues affecting dealer service decisions /

Mode of access: Internet.

Snow and ice storms of 1959-1960 in Tennessee River basin /

Issued as Supplement to Precipitation in Tennessee River basin, March, 1960.

Studies of the pollution of the Tennessee River system,

Mode of access: Internet.

Floods of August 1940 in Tennessee River Basin/

"Report no. 0-243-67S.

Technical report /

Description based on: No. 38.

A summary of findings of the ecological survey of White Oak Creek, Roane County, Tennessee, 1950-1953 /

"Contract No. AT(40-1)-221."

Consumer attitudes and habits regarding frozen foods; a summary of two surveys conducted in Knoxville, Tennessee.

Mode of access: Internet.

Floods on Yellow Creek in vicinity of Burnsville, Mississippi.

"Report no. 0-5928."

Environmental statement, Tellico project /

Photocopy. Springfield, Va. : Reproduced by National Technical Information Service, [197-]

Flood on Piney River, November 18-19, 1957, in vicinity of Spring City, Tennessee.

"Report no. 0-6158."