泥鳅人工繁殖技术的研究

<正> 泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatusCantor)属淡水小型底栖经济鱼类,分布广,适应性强。江河、沟渠、稻田、池塘、湖泊和水库都是它们的生活场所,尤以湖泊分布最多,其次是沟渠和池塘,喜栖息于浅水区底泥之中。泥鳅肉质鲜嫩,味道鲜美,历来为人们所喜爱。近些年来,由于资源量不断下降,国内外市场供不应求。因而泥鳅身价倍增,鉴于这一情况,国内有关科技人员进一步加强了对泥鳅生物学特性的研究。本研究旨在前人研究的基础上,进一步研究在人工控制条件下,泥鳅生物学适应性及其繁殖技术。为日后研究泥

泸沽湖裂腹鱼类的物种形成

<正> 云南高原湖泊的鱼类区系具有组成简单而物种分化复杂的显著特点,这个特点在泸沽湖比较典型。泸沽湖位于云南西北部,是一个面积约40平方公里,平均水深40余米的中型深水湖泊。湖中的鱼类区系仅由裂腹鱼属(Schizothorax)和泥鳅属(Misgurnus)两个类元组成,其中裂腹鱼属却分化出亲缘关系很近的几个种,这种情况在云南高原湖泊中具有一定的代表性。本文通过对泸沽湖及其毗邻水系的裂腹鱼类的特征分析,探讨亲缘种之间的系统关系及物种演化的过程,试图提出一种解释某些高原湖泊鱼类区系中物种形成的模式。

Multiple invasions of europe by east asian cobitid loaches (Teleostei : Cobitidae)

While it has been widely suggested that freshwater fishes from East Asia invaded the western Palaearctic, details about this process are largely unknown. Here, using the cytochrome b gene, we evaluated the phylogenetic relationships of a small group of Eurasian primary freshwater fishes (Cobitidae), which are widely distributed and species rich in East Asia and Europe, with the purpose of inferring their invasion process of Europe from East Asia. Though phylogenetic relationships of cobitids were not well resolved, our analysis could identify three sister groups formed by the European and East Asian cobitids, which brought new insights into the biogeography of the genera Cobitis, Misgurnus, and Sabanejewia. The present results support the view that Asian cobitid fishes may have invaded Europe at least five times independently, and once reverse colonization of European cobitids to East Asia could also be found. Ancestral Sabanejewia might have been the first cobitids to cross Siberia and invade the EMZS (Euro-Mediterranean zoogeographic subregion) about 33.54 million years ago (MYA). One lineage of Cobitis and the ancestor of Misgurnus fossilis (Linnaeus) almost in the same time invaded the Europe, responding to 16.71 MYA and 16.59 MYA, respectively. Three different lineages of Cobitis were found to have invaded the EMZS from East Asia, and once reverse invasion to East Asia occurred to one subclade of European Cobitis. And our data also suggest that the diversity of East Asian cobitid fishes, especially of the genus Cobitis, is greatly underestimated.