FIRST REPORT OF METALLO-β-LACTAMASES PRODUCING Enterobacter spp. STRAINS FROM VENEZUELA

Clinical strains of Enterobacter were isolated from Cumana's Central Hospital in Venezuela, and classified as E. cloacae (21), E. aerogenes(7), E. intermedium (1), E. sakazakii (1) and three unclassified. The strains showed high levels of resistance, especially to SXT (58.1%), CRO (48.8%), CAZ (46.6%), PIP (46.4%), CIP (45.2%) and ATM (43.3%). This is the first report for South America of blaVIM-2 in two E. cloacae and one Enterobacter sp., which also showed multiple mechanisms of resistance. Both E. cloacaeshowed blaTEM-1, but only one showed blaCTX-M-15 gene, while no blaSHV was detected.

Tegumentary leishmaniasis in Northern Argentina: distribution of infection and disease, in three municipalities of Salta, 1990-1992

This work describes the epidemiological pattern of tegumentary leishmaniasis in an area north of Salta, Argentina. The prevalence and incidence were estimated by means of a cross-sectional study and two follow-up studies during two consecutive years. The Montenegro Skin Test (MST) was administered to 7336 subjects at baseline. The prevalence and incidence between 1990 and 1992 of infection (MST reactive) was 38‰ persons and 4.5‰ persons/year respectively. The prevalence and incidence of tegumentary leishmaniasis (presence of clinical signs) was 1.8‰ and 0.8‰ persons/year, respectively. A physical examination performed on 264 patients with MST reactive during three years revealed that 130 cases (49.2%) had some evident sign of infection (scar and/or lesion), with a clinical presentation compatible with leishmaniasis. Our study demonstrated that after the epidemic outbreak of 1985 the transmission in the study area returned to endemic levels in 1992, and also demonstrated the presence of the asymptomatic infection in the area.

Leishmaniose cutânea no Norte da Argentina: fatores de risco identificados num estudo caso-coorte em três municípios de Salta

Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar fatores considerados de risco para adquirir leishmaniose cutânea em Salta, área de maior transmissão da Argentina. Aplicou-se um estudo de caso-coorte com observações entre junho de 1989 e dezembro de 1992. Aos casos e aos controles selecionados se realizou: a) um questionário sócio-demográfico; b) descrição das características da vivenda e peridomicílio; c) um exame físico de pele e mucosa nasal e bucal; d) intradermorreação de Montenegro. A análise multivariada mostrou um risco significativo para fatores extradomiciliares (realizar atividades de vaqueira, dormir no lugar de trabalho, ir caçar) e domiciliares (dormir fora do quarto, presença de três ou mais suínos no quintal da casa e existência de janelas sem fechaduras). Esta associação permitiu pela primeira vez em Salta (Argentina), identificar fatores de risco vinculados com a transmissão de leishmaniose na unidade domiciliária.

Recensão: Daniel Arasse, "Não se vê nada. Descrições"

Recensão de: Daniel Arasse, "Não se vê nada. Descrições", Trad. Rui Pires Cabral, Lisboa: Edição KKYM, col. Imago, 2015

Cladistic analysis of the Neotropical genera Cerqueirellum Py-Daniel, 1983, Coscaroniellum Py-Daniel, 1983 and Shelleyellum Py-Daniel & Pessoa, 2005 (Diptera: Simuliidae)

Females of simuliid black flies are haematophagous insects and vectors of several pathogenic agents of human diseases such as the filarial worms Mansonella ozzardi and Onchocerca volvulus. The genus Cerqueirellum is one of the most important groups of vectors of mansonellosis and onchocerciasis diseases in South America, and the genera Coscaroniellum and Shelleyellum are phylogenetically close to Cerqueirellum. There is not yet an agreement among authors about the generic classification of the species which compose these three genera, being all lumped by some taxonomists within Psaroniocompsa. A cladistic analysis of all species of Coscaroniellum, Cerqueirellum, and Shelleyellum, based on 41 morphological characters were done. Species closely related to Cerqueirellum were included in the analysis. The genera Cerqueirellum, Coscaroniellum and Shelleyellum were demonstrated as consistent basal entities and well-defined monophyletic clades.

A new species of Cerqueirellum Py-Daniel, 1983 (Diptera: Simuliidae) and proven new vector of mansonelliasis from the Ituxi River, Amazon basin, Brazil

A new species of the genus Cerqueirellum Py-Daniel, 1983 (Diptera: Simuliidae) is described. The adults are similar to the species C. oyapockense (Floch & Abonnenc, 1946) and C. roraimense (Nunes de Mello, 1974), of which the females are similar, and the males present discrete differences. The main differences of this new species to others of the genus Cerqueirellum are the integument of the larva recovered from stout spines and long cephalic trichomes in the pupa. Some females were infected with Mansonella ozzardii (Manson, 1897) (Nematoda, Onchocercidae) and probably transmit mansonelliasis in the Ituxi river, state of Amazonas, Brazil.

Microencapsulation of ellagic acid from pomegranate husk and karaya gum by spray drying

Objective: The aim of this study was to obtain and characterize microcapsules with Ellagic Acid (EA) from pomegranate as core material and Karaya Gum (KG) as wall material. Methods: EA was obtained from dry pomegranate peel powder via methanolysis and quantified by HPLC. Microcapsules were obtained preparing a dispersion containing KG and EA in phosphate buffer pH 8. The dispersion was processed in a spray dryer under specific conditions (inlet temperature at 150 °C, feed flow at 30% and aspirator at 100 %) for obtaining of microcapsules. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for characterization. Results: Obtained material contains 98.03±2.82 mg EA/g of pomegranate peel. FTIR showed that there were changes in the molecular structure of microcapsules referred to raw materials. SEM confirmed that particles obtained had micron-size (1-5 µm). DSC analysis showed that raw materials had glass transition temperatures of 79.58 and 83.41 °C and for microcapsules the value was67.25 °C. Conclusion: Methanolysis is a viable technique for the obtaining of EA from the peel of pomegranate. KG shows good potential for be used as wall material for EA microencapsulation.

Flora of tropical Africa /by Daniel Oliver ... assisted by other botanists.

v. 1 1868 - Ranuncul-Connar

Flora of tropical Africa /by Daniel Oliver ... assisted by other botanists.

v. 2 1871 - Leguminosae-Ficoideae

Flora of tropical Africa /by Daniel Oliver ... assisted by other botanists.

v. 3 1877 - Umbelliferae-Eben

Flora of tropical Africa /by Daniel Oliver ... assisted by other botanists.

v. 4 (1-4) 1902-04 - Ola-Gentianeae

Flora of tropical Africa /by Daniel Oliver ... assisted by other botanists.

v. 4 (1-3) 1905-06 - Hydrophyll-Pedalineae

Flora of tropical Africa /by Daniel Oliver ... assisted by other botanists.

v. 5 (1-3) 1899-1900 - Acanth-Plantagineae