The law of the sea: the United States, Canada and the deep seabed

The Falkland Islands War of 1982 was fought over competing claims to sovereignty over a group of islands off the east coast of South America. The dispute was between Argentina and the United Kingdom. Argentina claims the islands under rights to Spanish succession, the fact that they lie off the Argentine coast line and that in 1833 Great Britain took the islands illegally and by force. The United Kingdom claims the islands primarily through prescription--the fact that they have governed the islands in a peaceful, continuous and public manner since 1833. The British also hold that the population living on the islands, roughly eighteen hundred British descendants, should be able to decide their own future. The United Kingdom also lays claim to the islands through rights of discovery and settlement, although this claim has always been challenged by Spain who until 1811 governed the islands. Both claims have legal support, and the final decision if there will ever be one is difficult to predict. Sadly today the ultimate test of sovereignty does not come through international law but remains in the idea that "He is sovereign who can defend his sovereignty." The years preceding the Argentine invasion of 1982 witnessed many diplomatic exchanges between The United Kingdom and Argentina over the future of the islands. During this time the British sent signals to Argentina that ii implied a decline in British resolve to hold the islands and demonstrated that military action did more to further the talks along than did actual negotiations. The Argentine military junta read these signals and decided that they could take the islands in a quick military invasion and that the United Kingdom would consider the act as a fait accompli and would not protest the invasion. The British in response to this claimed that they never signaled to Argentina that a military solution was acceptable to them and launched a Royal Navy task force to liberate the islands. Both governments responded to an international crisis with means that were designed both to resolve the international crisis and increase the domestic popularity of the government. British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher was facing an all-time low in popularity for post-War Prime Ministers while Argentine President General Galtieri needed to gain mass popular support so he could remain a viable President after he was scheduled to lose command of the army and a seat on the military junta that ran the country. The military war for the Falklands is indicative of the nature of modern warfare between Third World countries. It shows that the gap in military capabilities between Third and First World countries is narrowing significantly. Modern warfare between a First and Third World country is no longer a 'walk over' for the First World country.

La chaîne de responsabilité de la sécurité maritime

"Mémoire présenté à la faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de maître en droit (LL.M.)". Ce mémoire a été accepté à l'unanimité et classé parmi les 15% des mémoires de la discipline.

“Law on Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Substances through Sea

This study pertain to legal control of pollution from transboundary movement of hazardous substances through sea. It is an emerging area in international maritime law. There is growing environmental awareness that oceans are no longer an inexhaustible resource. This has resulted in a complex system of integrated ocean policies and international legal frame work in this regard. Considering the peculiar nature of hazardous substances, the development of law in this regard has been haphazard. The legal framework in this area is not comprehensive and lacks coherence. India is geo-strategically located in the central part of Indian Ocean through which many international sea routes lie. India is also fast emerging as a maritime hub. Indian legal framework in this respect also suffers from serious pitfalls. In this backdrop, this study makes a sincere attempt to identify and analyse the legal intricacies in this area, in order to evolve a better regime for control of pollution pursuant to transboundary movement of hazardous substances through sea

The third U.N. Law of the Sea Conference : report to the Senate /

At head of title: 94th Congress, 1st session. Committee print.

The law of shipping and navigation, from the time of Edward III to the end of the year 1806.

Mode of access: Internet.

A treatise on the law of merchant shipping /

Statutes: p. [711]-946.

A treatise of the law relative to merchant ships and seamen : in five parts ... /

Abbott on shipping.

The ship-master's assistant and owner's manual : containing complete information ... relative to the mercantile and maritime laws and customs ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Decisions of the Federal Maritime Board, and Maritime Administration, Department of Commerce.

Mode of access: Internet.

Handbook of maritime rights, and the Declaration of Paris considered /

Mode of access: Internet.

Federal Maritime Commission; legislation and activities report. Hearings, Ninetieth Congress, first session. August 15, 16, 1967.

"Serial no. 90-11."

Military implications of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea : hearing before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Eighth Congress, second session, April 8, 2004.

Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche.

Law of the sea : hearings before the Subcommittee on Oceanography of the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, House of Representatives, Ninety-sixth Congress, first session, on Law of the Sea Conference oversight, February 27, 1979, Deep seabed mining, H.R. 2759, H.R. 3268, May 22, 23, June 7, 1979

Mode of access: Internet.

A short review of the history of the navigation laws of England, from the earliest times; to which are added a note on the present state of the law and an account of the acts and parts of acts proposed to be repealed by the bill now before Parliament.

Mode of access: Internet.

Decisions of the Federal Maritime Commission.

Purchase from: U.S. Govt. Print. Off., Supt. of Docs., Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328.