Demütigung und Erhebung : [Aus: Joseph-Roman]

Thomas Mann

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 650 - "Vorgeschichte des politischen Antisemitismus"; "Sociòlogica II" (p. IX 30-IX 31.1-11)

Vorrede von Max Horkheimer und Theodor W. Adorno, Entwurf; veröffentlicht in: Massig, Paul W. (1959) Vorgeschichte des Antisemitismus. Frankfurt am Main; Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen, datiert Ostern 1958, 8 Blatt; Mann, Thomas (1949) Rehearsal for Destruction; Rezesion der amerikanischen Originalausgabe des Buches von Massig; Typoskript, 3 Blatt; "Sociòlogica II", veröffentlicht von Max Horkheimer und Theodor W. Ardono, Frankfurt am Main, 1962; Vorbemerkung, Entwurf, mehrere Typoskripte zum Teil mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen und Ergänzungen; Adorno, Gretel: 1 Brief mit Unterschrift an Max Horkheimer, Frankfurt, 09.01.1962 und Beiliegend: Verzeichnis der Verlage und Drucknachweise, 6 Blatt; Adorno, Gretel: 1 Brief mit Unterschrift an Max Horkheimer, Frankfurt, 24.07.1961, 1 Blatt; Horkheimer, Max: "Zum Begriff des Menschen heute". Sonderdruck; mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen, 11 Blatt; mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen von Theodor W. Adorno, 11 Blatt; Beiträge zu "Sociòlogica II" von Adorno; Adorno, Theodor W.: "Die revidierte Psychoanalyse". Typsokript 28 Blatt; Adorno, Theodor W.: "Aberglaube aus zweiter Hand". Typoskript, 43 Blatt; Adorno, Theodor W.: "Theorie der Halbbildung". Sonderdurck mit hanschriftlichen Anstreichungen, 13 Blatt; Adorno, Theodor W.: "Soziologie und empirische Forschung". Sonderdruck, 8 Blatt; Adorno, Theodor W.: "Über Statik und Dynamik als soziologische Kategorien". Sonderdruck, 10 Blatt; Adorno, Theodor W.: "Kultur und Verwaltung". Sonderdruck, 11 Blatt; Horkheimer, Max: "Philosophie als Kulturkritik". Teilstücke aus den Druckfahnen mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen und Ergänzungen, 3 Blatt;

Multi-temporal shoreline change rates on Taku Atoll

Recent-past shoreline changes on reef islands are now subject to intensified monitoring via remote sensing data. Based on these data, rates of shoreline change calculated from long-term measurements (decadal) are often markedly lower than recent short-term rates (over a number of years). This observation has raised speculations about the growing influence of sea-level rise on reef island stability. This observation, however, can also be explained if we consider two basic principles of geomorphology and sedimentology. For Takú Atoll, Papua New Guinea, we show that natural shoreline fluctuations of dynamic reef islands have a crucial influence on the calculation of short-term rates of change. We analyze an extensive dataset of multitemporal shoreline change rates from 1943 to 2012 and find that differing rates between long- and short-term measurements consistently reflect the length of the observation interval. This relationship appears independent from the study era and indicates that reef islands were equally dynamic during the early periods of analysis, i.e. before the recent acceleration of sea-level rise. Consequently, we suggest that high rates of shoreline change calculated from recent short-term observations may simply result from a change in temporal scale and a shift from geomorphic equilibrium achieved over cyclic time towards an apparent disequilibrium during shorter periods of graded time. This new interpretation of short- and long-term shoreline change rates has important implications for the ongoing discussion about reef island vulnerability, showing that an observed jump from low to high rates of change may be independent from external influences, including but not limited to sea-level rise.

Shoreline change on nine reef islands over a seven-decade period

Atoll islands are subject to a variety of processes that influence their geomorphological development. Analysis of historical shoreline changes using remotely sensed images has become an efficient approach to both quantify past changes and estimate future island response. However, the detection of long-term changes in beach width is challenging mainly for two reasons: first, data availability is limited for many remote Pacific islands. Second, beach environments are highly dynamic and strongly influenced by seasonal or episodic shoreline oscillations. Consequently, remote-sensing studies on beach morphodynamics of atoll islands deal with dynamic features covered by a low sampling frequency. Here we present a study of beach dynamics for nine islands on Takú Atoll, Papua New Guinea, over a seven-decade period. A considerable chronological gap between aerial photographs and satellite images was addressed by applying a new method that reweighted positions of the beach limit by identifying "outlier" shoreline positions. On top of natural beach variability observed along the reweighted beach sections, we found that one third of the analyzed islands show a statistically significant decrease in reweighted beach width since 1943. The total loss of beach area for all islands corresponds to 44% of the initial beach area. Variable shoreline trajectories suggest that changes in beach width on Takú Atoll are dependent on local control (that is, human activity and longshore sediment transport). Our results show that remote imagery with a low sampling frequency may be sufficient to characterize prominent morphological changes in planform beach configuration of reef islands.

Rates of nitrogen cycling and chemo-autotrophy in the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa

Cold-water corals (CWC) are widely distributed around the world forming extensive reefs at par with tropical coral reefs. They are hotspots of biodiversity and organic matter processing in the world's deep oceans. Living in the dark they lack photosynthetic symbionts and are therefore considered to depend entirely on the limited flux of organic resources from the surface ocean. While symbiotic relations in tropical corals are known to be key to their survival in oligotrophic conditions, the full metabolic capacity of CWC has yet to be revealed. Here we report isotope tracer evidence for efficient nitrogen recycling, including nitrogen assimilation, regeneration, nitrification and denitrification. Moreover, we also discovered chemoautotrophy and nitrogen fixation in CWC and transfer of fixed nitrogen and inorganic carbon into bulk coral tissue and tissue compounds (fatty acids and amino acids). This unrecognized yet versatile metabolic machinery of CWC conserves precious limiting resources and provides access to new nitrogen and organic carbon resources that may be essential for CWC to survive in the resource-depleted dark ocean.

Audience members watching the opening ceremonies of the Heidelberg festival, with opening speech given by Thomas Mann.

Typed caption: Festakt in der Stadthalle zur Eroeffnung der Heidelberger Festpiele 1929. Thomas Mann hielt die Festrede. Unsere Aufnahme zeigt einen Ausschnitt aus der Festversammlung, an der die geistige Prominenz Heidelbergs und zahlreiche bedeutende Persoenlichkeiten des deutschen Kulturlebends teilnahmen. Von links nach rechts in der 1. Reihe: Rene Schickele, Rudolf Rittner, Gustav Hargung, Prof. Dr. Martin Dibelius, Gerhart Hauptmann, Dr. Rudolf H. Goldschmidt, Oberbuergermeister Dr. Neinhaus, Thomas Mann und Frau, Kultusminister Leers, Rudolf G. Binding; In der 3. Reihe: Oberbaurat L. Schmieder, Nobelpreistraeger Dr. F. Bergius, Bankdirektor Fremerey, Prof. Hellpach, Prof. Radbruch