外源DMSO和ASA对微囊藻毒素胁迫下烟草细胞ROS生成和抗氧化系统的影响

采用2μg/mL微囊藻毒素-RR(MC-RR)、2μg/mL MC-RR+0.5%二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和2μg/mL MC-RR+2 mmol/L抗坏血酸(ASA)分别处理烟草悬浮细胞,研究上述各处理对烟草悬浮细胞活性氧(ROS)产生和抗氧化系统的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,MC-RR单独处理后烟草悬浮细胞中ROS、膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)和细胞内源ASA的含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性明显升高,还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量有一个先降后升的变化过程。在分别加入外源抗氧

微囊藻毒素对滇池水华束丝藻的溶藻效应研究

用不同浓度的微囊藻毒素(MC-RR)处理自滇池分离的水华束丝藻,研究了MC-RR对水华束丝藻的生理特性和超微结构的影响.结果显示:10μg/L的MC-RR可轻微促进水华束丝藻的生长,而100μg/L和1 000μg/L的MC-RR对水华束丝藻表现为急性致死效应.藻的生理机能完全破坏,可溶性碳水化合物和蛋白质含量上升,光合系统PSⅡ活性迅速降为零.藻丝在48 h后开始断裂、解体,并逐渐溶解.其超微结构显示细胞膜受损,藻细胞内含物几乎完全渗漏.以上结果说明,微囊藻毒素对水华束丝藻有显著的溶藻效应,微囊藻毒素在

微囊藻毒素在细长聚球藻中的积累及其毒性效应

用 100μg/L 的微囊藻毒素(MC-RR)处理细长聚球藻,研究了 MC-RR 在藻细胞中的积累及其对细长聚球藻的生长和抗氧化系统的影响.结果表明,MC-RR 能在细长聚球藻中迅速积累,而细长聚球藻具有较强的降解 MC-RR 的能力,MC-RR 对细长聚球藻的生长具有显著的抑制作用;MC-RR 处理后,活性氧(ROS)和膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量明显升高,还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶(GST)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性则有一个先降后升的变化.以上结果说明,细长聚球藻

天然水体中痕量微囊藻毒素的高效液相色谱测定方法优化

以微囊藻毒素LR(MC-LR)和微囊藻毒素RR(MC-RR)为材料,主要通过调节杂质淋洗液和毒素洗脱液中甲醇、水和三氟乙酸(TFA)的配比来改变极性和PH值,对高效液相色谱(HPLC)法分析MC环境样品的方法进行了优化。结果表明,含0.1%TFA的40%~45%的甲醇水溶液可以取得较好的杂质淋洗效果;含0.1%TFA的70%的甲醇水溶液可以将固相萃取柱(SPE)上的MC完全洗下。因此,建议在分析杂质较多的环境样品时,使用含0.1%TFA的40%~45%的甲醇水溶液对杂质进行淋洗,然后用含0.1%TFA的7

不同波段紫外光对微囊藻毒素光降解的影响

为优化光降解法去除饮用水中的微囊藻毒素,分别用UVA(l=300~400nm)和UVC(l=253.7nm)2种紫外光源研究了紫外光波长对MC-RR降解效率的影响.结果表明,不同波段的紫外光具有不同的催化效率和降解中间产物.在UVA下照射12h后,MC-RR仍有30%~50%残余,同时产生2种几何异构体4(Z)-Adda-MC-RR和6(Z)-Adda-MC-RR,且二者在整个反应过程中保持恒定的比例.而在UVC下,MC-RR除生成2种异构体外,还生成中间产物[三环-Adda]MC-RR,在0.850mW

微囊藻毒素对细长聚球藻生长及生理生化特性的影响

采用改良的微囊藻毒素提取、制备方法可获得一定纯度的MC。经HPLC分析 ,MC RR的含量在 95 %以上。用微囊藻毒素处理细长聚球藻 ,发现毒素能显著抑制聚球藻的生长 ,降低聚球藻的可溶性蛋白与可溶性、不可溶碳水化合物含量 ,改变PC/Chl比值 ,抑制光合系统PSⅡ活性 ,进而导致光合作用减弱 ,生化反应减慢 ,从而抑制该藻的细胞分裂 ,使生长受阻

微囊藻毒素在沉水植物苦草中的积累

研究了微囊藻毒素RR在大型沉水植物苦草根、叶组织中的积累作用 ,通过ELISA方法检测发现 ,苦草可以吸收MC RR ,其吸收具有时间和剂量效应 ,根的吸收作用强于叶。第 7d叶对MC RR的吸收已经达到平衡 ,而根对MC RR的吸收在处理第 16d时还在上升。苦草根和叶对MC RR的最大吸收量分别可达到 14 83± 0 12 μg/g FW和0 32± 0 0 2 6 μg/g FW。在 0 0 0 0 1mg/L的低浓度下 ,苦草根和叶对MC RR的吸收量分别为 0 5 9± 0 0 83pg/g

微囊藻毒素对沉水植物苦草生长发育的影响

MC RR抑制大型沉水植物苦草 (Vallisnerianatans (Lour.)Hara .)的生长和发育。在 0 0 0 0 1— 10mg/L的浓度下 ,苦草种子的发芽、子叶生长、真叶的形成和生长、不定根的形成和生长以及根毛的生长都受到了一定的抑制作用。当MC RR浓度≥ 0 .1mg/L时 ,处理第 30d ,MC RR对苦草鲜重和第一片真叶的生长有极显著的抑制作用 ,当MC RR浓度为 10mg/L时 ,根的生长和叶片的发生也受到了极显著的抑制作用

太阳光/多孔TiO_2膜催化降解微囊藻毒素

　太阳光/多孔TiO2膜体系对水中微囊藻毒素(MC-RR)具有较好的去除效果,反应可用准一级反应动力学描述。TiO2膜的镀膜次数对催化效果有重要影响,溶液的pH值对反应也有一定的影响,偏酸性条件对MC-RR的降解有利。在该体系中MC-RR主要通过光催化氧化作用被去除。

固相萃取高效液相色谱法测定水中痕量微囊藻毒素

微囊藻毒素是有害的蓝藻水华释放的有毒代谢物 ,对人类及环境具有很大危害性。建立了固相萃取 高效液相色谱测定水中痕量藻毒素的方法。该法对两种常见微囊藻毒素MC LR、MC RR的检测限为 0 .0 2～ 0 .0 5 μg/L ,线性定量范围为 0 .1～ 5 0 μg/L。应用该法分析了天然水样 ,表明方法具有实用性

Hepatic Histopathological Characteristics and Antioxidant Response of Phytoplanktivorous Silver Carp Intraperitoneally Injected with Extracted Microcystins

Objective To investigate the hispathological characteristics and antioxidant responses in liver of silver carp after intraperitoneal administration of microcystins (MCs) for further understanding hepatic intoxication and antioxidation mechanism in fish. Methods Phytoplanktivorous silver carp was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with extracted hepatotoxic microcystins (mainly MC-RR and -LR) at a dose of 1000 mu g MC-LReq./kg body weight, and liver histopathological changes and antioxidant responses were studied at 1, 3, 12, 24, and 48 h, respectively, after injection. Results The damage to liver structure and the activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxide (GPX) were increased in a time-dependent manner. Conclusion In terms of clinical and histological signs of intoxication and LD50 (i.p.) dose of MC-LR, silver carp appears rather resistant to MCs exposure than other fishes. Also, the significantly increased SOD activity in the liver of silver carp suggests a higher degree of response to MCs exposure than CAT and GPX.

Transfer, distribution and bioaccumulation of microcystins in the aquatic food web in Lake Taihu, China, with potential risks to human health

In this paper, accumulation and distribution of microcystins (MCs) was examined monthly in six species of fish with different trophic levels in Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu, China, from June to November 2005, Microcystins were analyzed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS). Average recoveries of spiked fish samples were 67.7% for MC-RR, 85.3% for MC-YR, and 88.6% for MC-LR. The MCs (MC-RR+MC-YR+MC-LR) concentration in liver and gut content was highest in phytoplanktivorous fish, followed by omnivorous fish, and was lowest in carnivorous fish; while MCs concentration in muscle was highest in omnivorous fish, followed by phytoplanktivorous fish, and was lowest in carnivorous fish. This is the first study reporting MCs accumulation in the gonad of fish in field. The main uptake of MC-YR in fish seems to be through the gills from the dissolved MCs. The WHO limit for tolerable daily intake was exceeded only in common carp muscle. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Oxidative stress response after prolonged exposure of domestic rabbit to a lower dosage of extracted microcystins

Oxidative stress response after prolonged exposure to a low dose of microcystins (MCs) was studied in liver, kidney and brain of domestic rabbits. Rabbits were treated with extracted MCs (mainly MC-LR and MC-RR) at a dose of 2 MC-LReq. mu g/kg body weight or saline solution every 24 h for 7 or 14 days. During the exposure of MCs, increase of lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were detected in all the organs studied, while antioxidant enzymes responded differently among different organs. The enzyme activities Of Superoxide dismutase (SOD). catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) in liver decreased in the MCs treated animals. In brain, there were obvious changes in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and GR, while only CAT was obviously influenced in kidney. Therefore, daily exposure at a lower dosage of MCs, which mimicked a natural route of MCs. could also induce obvious oxidative stress in diverse organs of domestic rabbits. The oxidative stress induced by MCs in brain was as serious as in liver and kidney, suggesting that brain may also be a target of MCs in mammals. And it seems that animals may have more time to metabolize the toxins or to form an adaptive response to reduce the adverse effects when exposed to the low dose of MCs. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Spatial and temporal variations of microcystins in hepatopancreas of a freshwater snail from Lake Taihu

In this paper, spatial and temporal variations of three common microcystins (MC-RR, MC-YR, and MC-LR) in the hepatopancreas of a freshwater snail (Bellamya aeruginosa) were studied monthly in two bays of Lake Taihu. Microcystins (MCs) concentration in hepatopancreas was quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The MCs concentrations in hepatopancreas were higher at Site 1 than those at other sites, which was in agreement with the changes of intracellular MCs concentrations in the water column. There was a significant correlation between MCs concentrations in the hepatopancreas and that in the seston, suggesting that spatial variances of MCs; concentrations in hepatopancreas among the five sites were due to spatial changes of toxic Microcystis cells in the water column. PCCA indicates that in addition to Microcystis, other factors (e.g., water temperature) also substantially affected the accumulation of MCs in hepatopancreas of the snail. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc.

In vivo studies on the toxic effects of microcystins on mitochondrial electron transport chain and ion regulation in liver and heart of rabbit

This study examined the toxic effects of microcystins on mitochondria of liver and heart of rabbit in vivo. Rabbits were injected i.p. with extracted microcystins (mainly MC-RR and -LR) at two doses, 12.5 and 50 MCLReq. mu g/kg bw, and the changes in mitochondria of liver and heart were studied at 1, 3,12, 24 and 48 h after injection. MCs induced damage of mitochondrial morphology and lipid peroxidation in both liver and heart. MCs influenced respiratory activity through inhibiting NADH dehydrogenase and enhancing succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). MCs altered Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activities of mitochondria and consequently disrupted ionic homeostasis, which might be partly responsible for the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). MCs were highly toxic to mitochondria with more serious damage in liver than in heart. Damage of mitochondria showed reduction at 48 h in the low dose group, suggesting that the low dose of MCs might have stimulated a compensatory response in the rabbits. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.