Trafikoaren monitorizazioa datu sareetan. Firewall errendimendu analisia

[EU]Gaur egungo sareetan egunetik egunera garraiatzen den paketeen trafikoa handituz doa eskariak horrela behartzen duelako. Beste alde batetik, gure sareen eta batez ere sare pribatuen segurtasuna gero eta garrantzitsuagoa da, bertan dauden datuen eskuragarritasuna mugatze aldera. Ondorioz segurtasun teknika hauek aplikatzeko ahalik eta denbora gutxien erabiltzea garrantzitsua da sareak duen datu garraiorako errendimendu altua manten dezan, segurtasuna bermatua. Proiektu honetan, enpresa eta erakundeetan oso arruntak diren firewall, segurtasun tekniken inguruko azterketa egingo da. Firewall ezagun baten eta driver baten arteko integrazioa burutuko da firewallak sarean duen errendimendua hobetze aldera.

How do global born companies ignite their internationalization and survive in international markets?

Over the last decades, the born global firms or the international new ventures (“INVs”) have assumed a growing role in international business, including in Portugal. The rise of this new type of multinational has challenged several theories concerning the development of multinational companies and the origin of companies’ competitive advantage. This qualitative, case-based research explores the most relevant traits shown by some Portuguese born-global firms. More concretely, the aim of this work is to compare some Portuguese international new ventures in order to understand the role of leadership, culture and strategy in their rapid internationalization and the source of their lasting competitive advantage. It was noticed that these firms’ lasting competitive advantage results from a singular combination of resources and dynamic capabilities that evolves over time. Moreover, it was found that these firms’ foreign subsidiaries and local networks may be essential to enhance the firms competitive advantage as it provides each firm a distinctive source of knowledge and capabilities. As a consequence, the effective assimilation of such resources and capabilities in these firms’ may become crucial for their lasting success. In addition, the leadership, strategy and culture in these firms seem to be quite aligned and form a quite virtuous cycle that contributed to the firms rapid internationalization and for the way the firms developed their own resources and dynamic capabilities and adapted to external environment.

Étude du traitement visuel simple et complexe chez les enfants autistes

Les personnes ayant un trouble du spectre autistique (TSA) manifestent des particularités perceptives. En vision, des travaux influents chez les adultes ont mené à l’élaboration d’un modèle explicatif du fonctionnement perceptif autistique qui suggère que l’efficacité du traitement visuel varie en fonction de la complexité des réseaux neuronaux impliqués (Hypothèse spécifique à la complexité). Ainsi, lorsque plusieurs aires corticales sont recrutées pour traiter un stimulus complexe (e.g., modulations de texture; attributs de deuxième ordre), les adultes autistes démontrent une sensibilité diminuée. À l’inverse, lorsque le traitement repose principalement sur le cortex visuel primaire V1 (e.g., modulations locales de luminance; attributs de premier ordre), leur sensibilité est augmentée (matériel statique) ou intacte (matériel dynamique). Cette dissociation de performance est spécifique aux TSA et peut s’expliquer, entre autre, par une connectivité atypique au sein de leur cortex visuel. Les mécanismes neuronaux précis demeurent néanmoins méconnus. De plus, on ignore si cette signature perceptuelle est présente à l’enfance, information cruciale pour les théories perceptives de l’autisme. Le premier volet de cette thèse cherche à vérifier, à l’aide de la psychophysique et l’électrophysiologie, si la double dissociation de performance entre les attributs statiques de premier et deuxième ordre se retrouve également chez les enfants autistes d’âge scolaire. Le second volet vise à évaluer chez les enfants autistes l’intégrité des connexions visuelles descendantes impliquées dans le traitement des textures. À cet effet, une composante électrophysiologique reflétant principalement des processus de rétroaction corticale a été obtenue lors d’une tâche de ségrégation des textures. Les résultats comportementaux obtenus à l’étude 1 révèlent des seuils sensoriels similaires entre les enfants typiques et autistes à l’égard des stimuli définis par des variations de luminance et de texture. Quant aux données électrophysiologiques, il n’y a pas de différence de groupe en ce qui concerne le traitement cérébral associé aux stimuli définis par des variations de luminance. Cependant, contrairement aux enfants typiques, les enfants autistes ne démontrent pas une augmentation systématique d’activité cérébrale en réponse aux stimuli définis par des variations de texture pendant les fenêtres temporelles préférentiellement associées au traitement de deuxième ordre. Ces différences d’activation émergent après 200 ms et engagent les aires visuelles extrastriées des régions occipito-temporales et pariétales. Concernant la connectivité cérébrale, l’étude 2 indique que les connexions visuelles descendantes sont fortement asymétriques chez les enfants autistes, en défaveur de la région occipito-temporale droite. Ceci diffère des enfants typiques pour qui le signal électrophysiologique reflétant l’intégration visuo-corticale est similaire entre l’hémisphère gauche et droit du cerveau. En somme, en accord avec l’hypothèse spécifique à la complexité, la représentation corticale du traitement de deuxième ordre (texture) est atypiquement diminuée chez les enfants autistes, et un des mécanismes cérébraux impliqués est une altération des processus de rétroaction visuelle entre les aires visuelles de haut et bas niveau. En revanche, contrairement aux résultats obtenus chez les adultes, il n’y a aucun indice qui laisse suggérer la présence de mécanismes supérieurs pour le traitement de premier ordre (luminance) chez les enfants autistes.

Congestion probability routing in virtual path ATM network

This dissertation focuses on the problem of providing mechanisms for routing point to point and multipoint connections in ATM networks. In general the notion of multipoint connection refers to connections that involve a group of users with more than two members. The main objective of this dissertation is to contribute to design efficient routing protocols with alterative routes in fully connected VP-based ATM Networks for call establishment of point to point and multipoint VC connections. An efficient route should be computed during this connection establishment phase.

Análise de desempenho experimental de redes IEEE 802.3.

The Ethernet technology dominates the market of computer local networks. However, it was not been established as technology for industrial automation set, where the requirements demand determinism and real-time performance. Many solutions have been proposed to solve the problem of non-determinism, which are based mainly on TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access), Token Passing and Master-Slave. This work of research carries through measured of performance that allows to compare the behavior of the Ethernet nets when submitted with the transmissions of data on protocols UDP and RAW Ethernet, as well as, on three different types of Ethernet technologies. The objective is to identify to the alternative amongst the protocols and analyzed Ethernet technologies that offer to a more satisfactory support the nets of the industrial automation and distributed real-time application

Sismicidade e correlação com feições geológicas: o caso do lineamento Pernambuco e seu entorno

This thesis presents and discusses the results of the various seismic areas in the State of Pernambuco, with the aim of having a vision of regional seismicity and its causes. To the papers published in journals were added two new original works submitted to international journals, dealing with seismic areas located in the counties of São Caetano, Cupira, and Agrestina. All seismic areas mentioned in this thesis are located on the Pernambuco Lineament and its surroundings (both in branches or single faults within 40 km of it). The Pernambuco Lineament is a Neoproterozoic shear zone of continental-scale that deformed the Borborema Province, and presents as branches, shear zones with NE-SW direction. The new submitted papers are from the analysis of data collected by three local networks of stations that operated in the following areas: network SO07 (seismicity in the district of Santa Luzia - São Caetano, 2007), network BM10 (data from seismic areas of Serra Verde ( Cupira) and Barra do Chata (Agrestina), in 2010), network SO10 (seismicity near the urban center of São Caetano in 2010). These data were used for determining the hypocenters and focal mechanisms in order to discuss the relationship between the seismicity and geological features of the area. The new mechanisms obtained, as well as the previously published allowed the determination of the direction of the average stress in the region. The direction of stress in the region involving the various seismic areas, now or previously studied, is quite stable and approximate EW direction (SHmax). The correlation between seismicity and geological features is observed on the lineament and north of it. In the south (Cupira and Agrestina), in seismic areas nearby shear zones NE-SW, there is no correlation and seismogenic EW normal faults are active and its motion is compatible with regional stresses. It is probable that these active faults are more recent than the Neoproterozoic, probably of the Cretaceous period, when the last great movement of the Pernambuco Lineament occurred

Web Services Aplicados à Visualização

With the rapid growth of the use of Web applications in various fields of knowledge, the term Web service enter into evidence in the current scenario, which refers to services from different origins and purpose, offered through local networks and also available in some cases, on the Internet. The architecture of this type of application offers data processing on server side thereby, running applications and complex and slow processes is very interesting, which is the case with most algorithms involving visualization. The VTK is a library intended for visualization, and features a large variety of methods and algorithms for this purpose, but with a graphics engine that requires processing capacity. The union of these two resources can bring interesting results and contribute for performance improvements in the VTK library. This study is discussed in this project, through testing and communication overhead analysis

Calcolo della posizione di reti di stazioni permanenti

Con il trascorrere del tempo, le reti di stazioni permanenti GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) divengono sempre più un valido supporto alle tecniche di rilevamento satellitare. Esse sono al tempo stesso un’efficace materializzazione del sistema di riferimento e un utile ausilio ad applicazioni di rilevamento topografico e di monitoraggio per il controllo di deformazioni. Alle ormai classiche applicazioni statiche in post-processamento, si affiancano le misure in tempo reale sempre più utilizzate e richieste dall’utenza professionale. In tutti i casi risulta molto importante la determinazione di coordinate precise per le stazioni permanenti, al punto che si è deciso di effettuarla tramite differenti ambienti di calcolo. Sono stati confrontati il Bernese, il Gamit (che condividono l’approccio differenziato) e il Gipsy (che utilizza l’approccio indifferenziato). L’uso di tre software ha reso indispensabile l’individuazione di una strategia di calcolo comune in grado di garantire che, i dati ancillari e i parametri fisici adottati, non costituiscano fonte di diversificazione tra le soluzioni ottenute. L’analisi di reti di dimensioni nazionali oppure di reti locali per lunghi intervalli di tempo, comporta il processamento di migliaia se non decine di migliaia di file; a ciò si aggiunge che, talora a causa di banali errori, oppure al fine di elaborare test scientifici, spesso risulta necessario reiterare le elaborazioni. Molte risorse sono quindi state investite nella messa a punto di procedure automatiche finalizzate, da un lato alla preparazione degli archivi e dall’altro all’analisi dei risultati e al loro confronto qualora si sia in possesso di più soluzioni. Dette procedure sono state sviluppate elaborando i dataset più significativi messi a disposizione del DISTART (Dipartimento di Ingegneria delle Strutture, dei Trasporti, delle Acque, del Rilevamento del Territorio - Università di Bologna). E’ stato così possibile, al tempo stesso, calcolare la posizione delle stazioni permanenti di alcune importanti reti locali e nazionali e confrontare taluni fra i più importanti codici scientifici che assolvono a tale funzione. Per quanto attiene il confronto fra i diversi software si è verificato che: • le soluzioni ottenute dal Bernese e da Gamit (i due software differenziati) sono sempre in perfetto accordo; • le soluzioni Gipsy (che utilizza il metodo indifferenziato) risultano, quasi sempre, leggermente più disperse rispetto a quelle degli altri software e mostrano talvolta delle apprezzabili differenze numeriche rispetto alle altre soluzioni, soprattutto per quanto attiene la coordinata Est; le differenze sono però contenute in pochi millimetri e le rette che descrivono i trend sono comunque praticamente parallele a quelle degli altri due codici; • il citato bias in Est tra Gipsy e le soluzioni differenziate, è più evidente in presenza di determinate combinazioni Antenna/Radome e sembra essere legato all’uso delle calibrazioni assolute da parte dei diversi software. E’ necessario altresì considerare che Gipsy è sensibilmente più veloce dei codici differenziati e soprattutto che, con la procedura indifferenziata, il file di ciascuna stazione di ciascun giorno, viene elaborato indipendentemente dagli altri, con evidente maggior elasticità di gestione: se si individua un errore strumentale su di una singola stazione o se si decide di aggiungere o togliere una stazione dalla rete, non risulta necessario il ricalcolo dell’intera rete. Insieme alle altre reti è stato possibile analizzare la Rete Dinamica Nazionale (RDN), non solo i 28 giorni che hanno dato luogo alla sua prima definizione, bensì anche ulteriori quattro intervalli temporali di 28 giorni, intercalati di sei mesi e che coprono quindi un intervallo temporale complessivo pari a due anni. Si è così potuto verificare che la RDN può essere utilizzata per l’inserimento in ITRF05 (International Terrestrial Reference Frame) di una qualsiasi rete regionale italiana nonostante l’intervallo temporale ancora limitato. Da un lato sono state stimate le velocità ITRF (puramente indicative e non ufficiali) delle stazioni RDN e, dall’altro, è stata effettuata una prova di inquadramento di una rete regionale in ITRF, tramite RDN, e si è verificato che non si hanno differenze apprezzabili rispetto all’inquadramento in ITRF, tramite un congruo numero di stazioni IGS/EUREF (International GNSS Service / European REference Frame, SubCommission for Europe dello International Association of Geodesy).

Culture's Calling: Mobile Phones, Gender, and the Making of an African Migrant Village in Lisbon

In this article, I explore how immigrants from the West African nation of Guinea-Bissau living in Portugal use mobile phones in their daily lives in Lisbon. Whereas one might assume that mobile phones and other new information technologies facilitate transnational communication between Africa and Portugal, the ethnographic fieldwork that I conducted in Lisbon from 1999 to 2003 revealed a different scenario. Instead, mobile phones as imagined and used by the Guinean immigrants I met in Lisbon revealed less about transnationalism and globalization than they did about constructing community and identity in a new locale. As Guinean immigrants in Portugal reconfigured their relationship to their former colonizers and struggled to make their way in a new, multicultural Europe, they used their mobile phones to engage local networks, shape local identities, and transform Lisbon's sprawl into an African migrant village. Here, I highlight the gendered dimensions of this process and contend that Guinean men's and women's varied uses of mobile phones in Lisbon underscore contrasting experiences of migration, mobility, and belonging.

Culture's Calling: Mobile Phones, Gender, and the Making of an African Migrant Village in Lisbon

In this article, I explore how immigrants from the West African nation of Guinea-Bissau living in Portugal use mobile phones in their daily lives in Lisbon. Whereas one might assume that mobile phones and other new information technologies facilitate transnational communication between Africa and Portugal, the ethnographic fieldwork that I conducted in Lisbon from 1999 to 2003 revealed a different scenario. Instead, mobile phones as imagined and used by the Guinean immigrants I met in Lisbon revealed less about transnationalism and globalization than they did about constructing community and identity in a new locale. As Guinean immigrants in Portugal reconfigured their relationship to their former colonizers and struggled to make their way in a new, multicultural Europe, they used their mobile phones to engage local networks, shape local identities, and transform Lisbon's sprawl into an African migrant village. Here, I highlight the gendered dimensions of this process and contend that Guinean men's and women's varied uses of mobile phones in Lisbon underscore contrasting experiences of migration, mobility, and belonging.

Las mediaciones locales de la protesta. El caso del Trelewazo (octubre de 1972)

El trabajo se propone la reconstrucción y el análisis de la movilización popular conocida como el Trelewazo, prestando especial atención a las mediaciones y redes locales que le dieron forma y sentidos específicos. Consideramos que la dimensión local en el análisis de las movilizaciones populares de los años setenta, especialmente en el caso de aquellas conocidas como puebladas o azos, resulta de fundamental importancia no sólo para una mejor comprensión de estas protestas en sí mismas, sino también para avanzar en el análisis de los mecanismos que articularon y resignificaron procesos de carácter general, como la radicalización política y el creciente autoritarismo de la Revolución Argentina, con la vida cotidiana de los habitantes de las distintas regiones del país.

Las mediaciones locales de la protesta. El caso del Trelewazo (octubre de 1972)

El trabajo se propone la reconstrucción y el análisis de la movilización popular conocida como el Trelewazo, prestando especial atención a las mediaciones y redes locales que le dieron forma y sentidos específicos. Consideramos que la dimensión local en el análisis de las movilizaciones populares de los años setenta, especialmente en el caso de aquellas conocidas como puebladas o azos, resulta de fundamental importancia no sólo para una mejor comprensión de estas protestas en sí mismas, sino también para avanzar en el análisis de los mecanismos que articularon y resignificaron procesos de carácter general, como la radicalización política y el creciente autoritarismo de la Revolución Argentina, con la vida cotidiana de los habitantes de las distintas regiones del país.

Las mediaciones locales de la protesta. El caso del Trelewazo (octubre de 1972)

El trabajo se propone la reconstrucción y el análisis de la movilización popular conocida como el Trelewazo, prestando especial atención a las mediaciones y redes locales que le dieron forma y sentidos específicos. Consideramos que la dimensión local en el análisis de las movilizaciones populares de los años setenta, especialmente en el caso de aquellas conocidas como puebladas o azos, resulta de fundamental importancia no sólo para una mejor comprensión de estas protestas en sí mismas, sino también para avanzar en el análisis de los mecanismos que articularon y resignificaron procesos de carácter general, como la radicalización política y el creciente autoritarismo de la Revolución Argentina, con la vida cotidiana de los habitantes de las distintas regiones del país.

Assessing the impact of adaptive accessibility on the optimal transport policy implementation by using an integrated land-use/transport model for Madrid

Accessibility is an essential concept widely used to evaluate the impact of land-use and transport strategies in transport and urban planning. Accessibility is typically evaluated by using a transport model or a land-use model independently or successively without a feedback loop, thus neglecting the interaction effects between the two systems and the induced competition effects among opportunities due to accessibility improvements. More than a mere methodological curiosity, failure to account for land- use/transport interactions and the competition effect may result in large underestimation of the policy effects. With the recent development of land-use and transport interaction (LUTI) models, there is a growing interest in using these models to adequately measure accessibility and evaluate its impact. The current study joins this research stream by embedding an accessibility measure in a LUTI model with two main aims. The first aim is to account for adaptive accessibility, namely the adjustment of the potential accessibility due to the effect of competition among opportunities (e.g., workplaces) as a result of improved accessibility. LUTI models are particularly suitable for assessing adaptive accessibility because the competition factor is a function of the number of jobs, which is related to land-use attractiveness and the number of workers which is related, among other factors, to the transport demand. The second aim is to identify the optimal implementation scenario of policy measures on the basis of the potential and adaptive accessibility and analyse the results in terms of social welfare and accessibility. The metropolitan area of Madrid is used as a case-study and two transport policy instruments, namely a cordon toll and bus frequency increase, have been chosen for the simulation study in order to present the usefulness of the approach to urban planners and policy makers. The MARS model (Metropolitan Activity Relocation Simulator) calibrated for Madrid was employed as the analysis tool. The impact of accessibility is embedded in the model through a social welfare function that includes not only costs and benefits to both road users and transport operators, but also costs and benefits for the government and society in general (external costs). An optimisation procedure is performed by the MARS model for maximizing the value of objective function in order to find the best (optimal) policy imp lementations intensity (i.e., price, frequency). Last, the two policy strategies are evaluated in terms of their accessibility. Results show that the accessibility with competition factor influences the optimal policy implementation level and also generates different results in terms of social welfare. In addition, mapping the difference between the potential and the adaptive accessibility indicators shows that the main changes occur in areas where there is a strong competition among land-use opportunities.

Efectos territoriales de las denominaciones de origen protegidas de aceite de oliva en España

La implementación de indicaciones geográficas, generan distintos efectos socio-económicos, tecnológicos y ambientales, no sólo a nivel de los productores directamente involucrados, sino también en el marco del sistema agroalimentario local (SIAL). Entre estos últimos, se destaca la organización colectiva de los productores y el desarrollo de una gobernanza, a partir del conjunto de actividades desarrolladas por el Consejo Regulador (CR), en torno al control de calidad y la promoción del producto. El concepto de gobernanza territorial implica llevar a cabo procesos de organización colectiva en red en los que tienen lugar procesos de coordinación multi-nivel entre los agentes, las empresas y las instituciones locales, en un contexto de asimetría en la información y de la existencia de numerosos decisores. El objetivo de esta Tesis Doctoral es realizar un aporte metodológico para el estudio de la gobernanza territorial en sistemas agroalimentarios localizados, a partir de la construcción de indicadores (de calidad, innovación, efectos económicos y prácticas ambientales) y el análisis de las redes de colaboración en materia de difusión del conocimiento e innovaciones técnicas, organizativas y comerciales en la Comarca de Sierra Mágina. Para responder el objetivo se aplica análisis de redes sociales y se construyen indicadores sintéticos para valorizar los efectos. Se realizan encuestas a la totalidad de almazaras presentes en la Comarca de Sierra Mágina, tanto a las que poseen el signo de calidad como a las que no cuentan con dicha marca territorial y entrevistas a testigos privilegiados. En las mismas se consulta sobre las actividades y proyectos que realizan en forma conjunta con otras almazaras e instituciones, así como los actores o referentes a quiénes consultan en temas relacionados con la calidad en la producción olivícola y la obtención de aceite, así como aquellos actores a quienes consultan en aspectos referidos a la Comercialización y gestión. A partir de la información recabada, se obtienen cuatro indicadores sintéticos de efectos de la implantación de una DOP en las almazaras adheridas, referidos a la adopción de innovaciones productivas y organizativas, a la calidad en producto y procesos, a las rentas de diferenciación y a las prácticas ambientales. Asimismo se generan las matrices bi-narias y valuadas para las redes de colaboración en la difusión del conocimiento y se calculan los indicadores particulares. Esto nos permite estudiar las características de las redes que se generan (tamaño, conectividad), el papel del CR en la gobernanza territorial y de otras instituciones del medio, así como identificar actores centrales y grupos en el proceso de difusión de conocimientos. Los resultados muestran que los SIAL pueden beneficiarse de la organización interprofesional y de cooperación interinstitucional a escala local que se producen tras la implantación de una DOP. Se desarrolla un proceso de articulación y un fuerte intercambio de conocimientos entre actores ligados al propio proceso de control de la calidad diferencial. Pero, junto con ello, se desarrollan actividades de formación y de promoción del patrimonio comarcal y se consolidan redes locales de innovación y colaboración mutua en distintas actividades, tanto entre actores de la propia cadena de producción, como entre éstos y las instituciones del medio. Estas actividades, junto con la presencia de un entramado institucional denso, permiten el desarrollo de una gobernanza territorial alrededor del sistema agroalimentario del aceite de oliva. ABSTRACT The implementation of geographical indications has different socio-economic, technological and environmental effects not only for the producers involved but also for the local agro food system (LAFS). Among the latter, we can highlight the collective organization of producers and the development of territorial governance through a series of tasks developed by the Regulatory Board (RB) as regards quality control and product marketing. The concept of territorial governance involves processes of collective organization in networks, where processes of multi-level coordination among agents, enterprises and local institutions take place within a context of asymmetry of information and numerous decision makers. The objective of this Doctoral Thesis is to contribute with methodological tools for the study of territorial governance in local agro food systems by constructing indicators (of quality, innovation, economic effects and environmental practices) and by analyzing networks of collaboration in terms of dissemination of technical, organizational and commercial innovation and knowledge in Comarca de Sierra Mágina. To achieve that objective, social network analysis is applied and synthetic indicators are elaborated to valorize the effects. Interviews to key actors and surveys to every oil mill in Comarca de Sierra Mágina are carried out, not only in those oil mills that host a label of quality but also in the ones that do not hold it. These interviews inquire about tasks and projects performed together with other oil mills and institutions and about actors or referents consulted in topics related to quality in olive production and oil extraction as well as in management and marketing. From all the information collected, four synthetic indicators of the effects of establishing Protected Designations of Origen (PDOs) in the associate oil mills are obtained, in terms of adoption of productive and organizational innovations, process and product quality, income differentiation and environmental practices. In the same way, binary and valorized matrixes are generated for those networks collaborating in the dissemination of knowledge and specific indicators are calculated. This allows to study networks (size, connectivity), the role of RB in territorial governance and other institutions involved and to identify main actors and groups in the process of knowledge dissemination. The results show that the LAFS can benefit from inter-professional organizations and inter- institutional cooperation at local levels by implementing PDOs. A process of articulation and strong exchange of knowledge is developed among those actors involved in controlling differential quality. But, at the same time, activities for the formation and promotion of the “comarca” patrimony are developed and local networks of innovation and mutual collaboration are built for different activities, not only among actors in the production process itself, but between these actors and local institutions as well. These tasks, together with the existence of a dense spatial entrepreneurial network, allow the development of territorial governance on the olive oil agro food system.