Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Crotalaria Taxa from Northern Australia: Risk to Grazing Livestock.

Crotalaria species containing hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids grow widely in pastures in northern Australia and have sporadically poisoned grazing livestock. The diverse Crotalaria taxa present in these pastures include varieties, subspecies, and chemotypes not previously chemically examined. This paper reports the pyrrolizidine alkaloid composition and content of 24 Crotalaria taxa from this region and assesses the risk of poisoning in livestock consuming them. Alkaloids present in C. goreensis, C. aridicola subsp. densifolia, and C. medicaginea var. neglecta lack the esterified 1,2-unsaturated functionality required for pyrrole adduct formation, and these taxa are not hepatotoxic. Taxa with high levels of hepatotoxic alkaloids, abundance, and biomass pose the greatest risk to livestock health, particularly C. novae-hollandiae subsp. novae-hollandiae, C. ramosissima, C. retusa var. retusa, and C. crispata. Other species containing moderate alkaloid levels, C. spectabilis and C. mitchellii, also pose significant risk when locally abundant.

Building that once served as the J. Krakauer Likoerfabrik Nachfolger; Chausseestrasse, Berlin Business Establishments; Factories

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Risks from plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids for livestock and meat quality in Northern Australia.

This chapter describes poisoning associated with consumption of pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA)-containing plants (Crotalaria spp., Heliotropium spp. and Senecio spp.) by cattle and horses in rangelands of northern Australia, as well as the risks for meat quality of PA residues and potential health hazards to consumers.

View of Paul I. Landmann manufacturing factory; Mannheim-Neckarau Business Establishments; Factories

"Fabrikansicht"

Printing room 1; Paul I. Landmann Manufacturing Factory; Mannheim-Neckarau Business Establishments; Factories

"Drucksaal 1"

Printing room; Paul I. Landmann Manufacturing Factory; Mannheim-Neckarau Business Establishments; Factories

"Umdruckerei"

Stamping room; Paul I. Landmann manufacturing factory; Mannheim-Neckarau Business Establishments; Factories

"Pragesaal"

Studio and office; Paul I. Landmann manufacturing factory; Mannheim-Neckarau Business Establishments; Factories

"Atelier und Buero"

Paul I. Landmann manufacturing factory; Mannheim-Neckarau Business Establishments; Factories

"Fabrikansicht von der Toreinfahrt"

Factory employee housing; Paul I. Landmann Manufacturing Factory; Mannheim-Neckarau Business Establishments; Factories

"Arbeiter und Mietshaeuser"

Factory employee housing; Paul I. Landmann Manufacturing Factory; Mannheim-Neckarau Business Establishments; Factories

"Arbeiter und Mietshaeuser"

Interior of the Konservenfabrik E. Arnold und Co. (Arnold and Co. canned goods factory); Fuerth, Bavaria Business Establishments; Factories

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Lot feeding and intensive livestock manure and effluent management

Manure management emissions may present much greater opportunity for greenhouse gas mitigation in the feedlot, pig, chicken meat, egg and diary industries, than the current IPCC and DCC calculation guidelines suggest. Current literature and understanding of manure mass loss throughout the manure management system does not support these current guidelines; in which the emission rates are fixed and consequently don't allow incentives for reduced emissions.

Building that once served as the J. Krakauer Likoerfabrik Nachfolger; Chausseestrasse, Berlin Business Establishments; Factories

Digital Image

View of Paul I. Landmann manufacturing factory; Mannheim-Neckarau Business Establishments; Factories

"Fabrikansicht"