Multiple inert gas elimination technique by micropore membrane inlet mass spectrometry--a comparison with reference gas chromatography.

The mismatching of alveolar ventilation and perfusion (VA/Q) is the major determinant of impaired gas exchange. The gold standard for measuring VA/Q distributions is based on measurements of the elimination and retention of infused inert gases. Conventional multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET) uses gas chromatography (GC) to measure the inert gas partial pressures, which requires tonometry of blood samples with a gas that can then be injected into the chromatograph. The method is laborious and requires meticulous care. A new technique based on micropore membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MMIMS) facilitates the handling of blood and gas samples and provides nearly real-time analysis. In this study we compared MIGET by GC and MMIMS in 10 piglets: 1) 3 with healthy lungs; 2) 4 with oleic acid injury; and 3) 3 with isolated left lower lobe ventilation. The different protocols ensured a large range of normal and abnormal VA/Q distributions. Eight inert gases (SF6, krypton, ethane, cyclopropane, desflurane, enflurane, diethyl ether, and acetone) were infused; six of these gases were measured with MMIMS, and six were measured with GC. We found close agreement of retention and excretion of the gases and the constructed VA/Q distributions between GC and MMIMS, and predicted PaO2 from both methods compared well with measured PaO2. VA/Q by GC produced more widely dispersed modes than MMIMS, explained in part by differences in the algorithms used to calculate VA/Q distributions. In conclusion, MMIMS enables faster measurement of VA/Q, is less demanding than GC, and produces comparable results.

A gas-exchange system for assessing plant performance in response to environmental stress /

Mode of access: Internet.

Invisible CO₂ gas killing trees at Mammoth Mountain, California /

Mode of access: Internet.

Heterogeneous model for gas transport in carbon molecular sieves

A dual resistance model with distribution of either barrier or pore diffusional activation energy is proposed in this work for gas transport in carbon molecular sieve (CMS) micropores. This is a novel approach in which the equilibrium is homogeneous, but the kinetics is heterogeneous. The model seems to provide a possible explanation for the concentration dependence of the thermodynamically corrected barrier and pore diffusion coefficients observed in previous studies from this laboratory on gas diffusion in CMS.(1.2) The energy distribution is assumed to follow the gamma distribution function. It is shown that the energy distribution model can fully capture the behavior described by the empirical model established in earlier studies to account for the concentration dependence of thermodynamically corrected barrier and pore diffusion coefficients. A methodology is proposed for extracting energy distribution parameters, and it is further shown that the extracted energy distribution parameters can effectively predict integral uptake and column breakthrough profiles over a wide range of operating pressures.

Adattamento e valutazione del software di ricostruzione Patatrack per rivelatori a pixel applicato a dati TrackML

La ricostruzione delle traiettorie delle particelle prodotte dai vertici di interazione a LHC è di fondamentale importanza per tutti gli esperimenti. Questo passo è uno dei più dispendiosi in termini di tempo e calcolo computazionale nella catena di ricostruzione dell’evento e diventa sempre più complesso con l’aumentare del numero di collisioni. L’esperimento CMS adotta un rivelatore di tracciamento con tecnologia al silicio, dove la parte più interna sfrutta rivelatori con geometria a pixel, mentre la parte esterna utilizza delle strisce di silicio. Per quanto riguarda la ricostruzione nel rivelatore a pixel, sono stati sviluppati diversi algoritmi ottimizzati per fronteggiare l’alto rate di acquisizione dati, sfruttando anche il calcolo parallelo su GPU, con un’efficienza di tracciamento comparabile o superiore agli algoritmi precedentemente utilizzati. Questi nuovi algoritmi sono alla base del software Patatrack per la ricostruzione delle traiettorie. Il lavoro descritto in questa tesi punta ad adattare Patatrack ad una geometria diversa e più complessa di quella di CMS e di valutarne le prestazioni di fisica e computazionali. Sono stati utilizzati i dati forniti dalla TrackML challenge, il cui scopo è incentivare lo sviluppo di nuovi algoritmi di ricostruzione di tracce per gli esperimenti in fisica delle alte energie. E' stato condotto uno studio approfondito della nuova geometria per potervi successivamente adattare il software esistente. Infine, la catena di ricostruzione è stata modificata per poter utilizzare i dati forniti dalla TrackML challenge e permettere la ricostruzione delle traiettorie.

Quantum Monte Carlo study of effective masses in a polarized unitary Fermi gas

Ultracold gases provide an ideal platform for quantum simulations of many-body systems. Here we are interested in a particular system which has been the focus of most experimental and theoretical works on ultracold fermionic gases: the unitary Fermi gas. In this work we study with Quantum Monte Carlo simulations a two-component gas of fermionic atoms at zero temperature in the unitary regime. Specifically, we are interested in studying how the effective masses for the quasi-particles of the two components of the Fermi liquid evolve as the polarization is progressively reduced from full to lower values. A recent theoretical work, based on alternative diagrammatic methods, has indeed suggested that such effective masses should diverge at a critical polarization. To independently verify such predictions, we perform Variational Monte Carlo (VMC) calculations of the energy based on Jastrow-Slater wavefunctions after adding or subtracting a particle with a given momentum to a full Fermi sphere. In this way, we determine the quasi-particle dispersions, from which we extract the effective masses for different polarizations. The resulting effective masses turn out to be quite close to the non-interacting values, even though some evidence of an increase for the effective mass of the minority component appears close to the predicted value for the critical polarization. Preliminary results obtained for the majority component with the Fixed-node Diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) method seem to indicate that DMC could lead to an increase of the effective masses in comparison with the VMC results. Finally, we point out further improvements of the trial wave-function and boundary conditions that would be necessary in future simulations to draw definite conclusions on the effective masses of the polarized unitary Fermi gas.

How we use oil.

Para aprender cómo se usan las riquezas naturales y como punto de partida para el aprendizaje de las propiedades y sobre cuáles son algunos de los usos del petróleo, como combustible, los productos químicos del petróleo. Lubricantes. Plásticos de petróleo. Ceras y betún. Gases del petróleo, el gas natural. Describe la forma en que no se debe utilizar. El petróleo y el medio ambiente. Tiene glosario, bibliografía y direcciones de Internet.

Utilização de syngas em substituição a combustíveis gasoso em processos siderúrgicos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Analise técnico-econômica de um gaseificador Downdraft e de filtros para limpeza de gás de síntese

The biomass gasification systems have been used for a long time and prove to be a good alternative to the generation of energy problems. This type of management requires a simple installation and maintenance which gives them a high availability. In Biomass project via Call CTEnerg 33/2006-1, funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology - MCT - Brazil, the Group Energy Systems Optimization – GOSE - at FEG - UNESP built and tested two prototypes of gasifiers. These is fed with 25 kg / h of dry wood (chips), and 50 Nm3 / h of air to produce gas at a flow rate of approximately 70 Nm3 / h of wood (syngas) at a temperature approximately 600 ° C. In this work of graduation, studies were conducted on the materials used in both the gasifier as well as cleaning the filter synthesis gases. The system of gas cleaning and conditioning is vital to ensure the life of the Internal Combustion Engine. In this case the studies of different filters for small gasification systems (properties, materials used, characteristics, types, etc.) are very relevant to its use in the prototype of the college campus. Were also performed a technical and economic analysis of a cogeneration system that consists in the combination of the downdraft gasifier studied in this work, an internal combustion engine, two heat exchangers and a SRA (absorption system refrigerator). Were calculated the costs of electricity generation, hot water and cold water. Finally, we analyzed the economic feasibility of the project