Avaliação da biocompatibilidade e da propriedade bactericida de nanotubos de dióxido de titânio impregnados com lectina e nanopartículas de prata para aplicações biomédicas

O titânio e suas ligas são os materiais mais comumente utilizados na substituição de tecidos duros por possuírem resistência mecânica, biocompatibilidade, resistência à corrosão e fácil manipulação. Embora o titânio possua várias vantagens sobre outros biomateriais, seu uso em longo prazo pode ocasionar problemas de rejeição. A modificação da superfície do titânio a fim de criar microrrugosidades é uma estratégia efetiva para melhorar a adesão e proliferação celular sobre implantes. Quando um implante danifica ou invade as barreiras epitelial e das mucosas, pode servir como reservatório para microrganismos e desta forma predispor à infecção. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi modificar a superfície do titânio, utilizando nanopartículas de prata (Ag) e lectina, a fim de melhorar a sua biocompatibilidade e conferir propriedades antimicrobianas a este material. O racional por trás destas mudanças é que a criação de uma topografia em nanoescala pode contribuir para mimetizar o ambiente celular melhorando a osseointegração e diminuindo o risco de infecção. Em nosso estudo, nanotubos de dióxido de titânio (NTs-TiO2) com estrutura bem distribuída e organizada, com diâmetro em torno de 70–80nm, foram sintetizados por anodização eletroquímica e decorados com nanopartículas de Ag usando a técnica de layer-by-layer (LbL), enquanto a lectina do peixe Oreochromis niloticus (OniL) foi incorporada aos NTs-TiO2 por spin coating. Estas amostras foram caracterizadas e avaliadas quanto a sua citotoxidade, adesão celular, potencial osteogênico e atividade bactericida. Nossos resultados mostraram que tanto as nanopartículas de Ag, como a Onil foram incorporadas com sucesso à superfície dos NTs-TiO2. Entretanto nossas preparações de LbL não foram capazes de melhorar a biocompatibilidade ou inibir o crescimento de bactérias nos NTs-TiO2. Por outro lado, a funcionalização dos NTs-TiO2 com a OniL induziu eficientemente a adesão e proliferação dos osteoblastos. Nossos resultados apontam para o uso da lectina OniL para melhorar a qualidade dos implantes de NT-TiO2 existentes.

Catalisadores de vanádio (V) contendo ligante tris(pirazolil)borato : rotas de imobilização e avaliação em polimerização de etileno

As sínteses, caracterizações e estudos referentes a polimerização do etileno de uma série de complexos {TpMs*}V(NtBu)Cl2 (1), {TpMs*}V(O)Cl2 (2), {TpMePh]V(NtBu)Cl2 (3) e {Tp*}V(O)Cl2 (4) são descritas. A reação destes complexos com MAO geram espécies catalíticas ativas para a polimerização do etileno. Para as reações de polimerização realizadas em tolueno a 30°C, as atividades variaram entre 71 e 1.126 kg de PE/mol[V]·h·atm. A atividade mais alta foi obtida usando o precursor catalítico 1. As curvas de DSC mostraram a formação de polietileno de alta densidade com temperaturas de fusão entre 134 e 141ºC. Visando a obtenção de catalisadores suportados, o complexo 1 foi imobilizado através do método direto sobre os seguintes suportes inorgânicos: SiO2, SiO2 modificada com MAO, SiO2-Al2O3, MCM-41, MgO e MgCl2. O teor de metal imobilizado, determinado por XRF, permaneceu entre 0,22 e 0,50 % g V/g suporte (p/p %).Os maiores teores de metal foram encontrados para os suportes com maiores áreas superficiais (SiO2–Al2O3 e MCM-41). Todos os sistemas mostraram-se ativos na polimerização do etileno na presença de MAO ou TiBA/MAO (1:1) (Al/V = 1000). A atividade catalítica mostrou-se dependente da natureza do suporte, ficando esta entre 8 e 89 kg de PE/mol[V]·h·atm. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos para sílica. Suportes ácidos ou básicos forneceram sistemas catalíticos menos ativos. Os polietilenos apresentaram pesos moleculares médios (Mw) superiores a 2.000.000 g/mol, sugerindo a produção de polímeros com ultra-alto peso molecular. Baseado nos resultados referentes a imobilização de 1, o complexo 2 foi imobilizado sobre SiO2 e SiO2 modificada com MAO. As reações de polimerização deste catalisador suportado foram realizadas em tolueno a 30ºC, utilizando MAO ou TiBA/MAO (1:1) (Al/V = 1000). Os resultados de atividade variaram entre 7 e 236 kg de PE/mol[V]·h·atm, sendo a maior atividade encontrada para o sistema suportado 2/SiO2/MAO(4,0 % Al/SiO2) na presença da mistura de cocatalisadores TiBA/MAO (1:1). Os complexos 1 e 2 foram imobilizados “in situ” utilizando SiO2 e SiO2/MAO (4,0 % em peso de Al/SiO2) como suportes, empregando 0,02 % em peso de V/g suporte. Todos os sistemas estudados foram ativos nas reações de polimerização do etileno. Para o complexo 1, a maior atividade (1.903 kg de PE/mol[V]·h·atm) foi obtida utilizando o sistema 1/SiO2/MAO (4,0 % em peso de Al/SiO2) na presença do MAO. Cabe ressaltar que, para este sistema catalítico, o uso de TMA ao invés de MAO proporciona a formação de um sistema catalítico altamente ativo (1.342 kg de PE/mol[V]·h·atm). A maior atividade (1.882 kg de PE/mol[V]·h·atm) para o complexo 2 foi encontrada quando o mesmo foi suportado “in situ” sobre SiO2, utilizando MAO como cocatalisador. O catalisador de vanádio preparado “in situ” sobre o suporte na presença do MAO apresentou uma atividade catalítica de 22 kg de PE/mol[V]·h·atm) sendo a mesma inferior àquela obtida utilizando o sistema via imobilização do catalisador “in situ”. Várias rotas sintéticas (hidrolíticas e não-hidrolíticas) objetivando a preparação “in situ” do catalisador sobre sílicas-híbridas foram empregadas, entretanto todas as tentativas falharam devido à alta reatividade do grupo NCO com alguns reagentes empregados no processo de preparação das mesmas. Uma série de catalisadores híbridos foram preparados pela combinação e imobilização seqüencial de {TpMs*}V(NtBu)Cl2 (1) e [LFeCl2] (8) (L = 2,6-bis(imino)piridila) sobre SiO2/MAO (4,0% em peso de Al/SiO2) em diferentes proporções (1:1) e (1:3). Todos os sistemas foram ativos na polimerização do etileno na presença de MAO como cocatalisador. A atividade mostrou-se dependente da natureza do complexo e da ordem de imobilização. A maior atividade foi obtida para o sistema V/Fe/SMAO-4 (1:1) (117 kg de PE/mol[M]·h·atm). Baseado nas curvas de DSC, diferentes tipos de PE podem ser obtidos dependendo da natureza do complexo imobilizado e da ordem da adição dos catalisadores no suporte. Para os sistemas híbridos, a presença do Fe determina a formação de PE com dois picos de fusão.

Avaliação do efeito citotóxico da lectina da esponja marinha Cliona varians contra células de leucemia mielóide crônica

In this study, a BCR-ABL expressing human chronic myelogenous leukaemia cell line (K562) was used to investigate the antitumoral potential of a novel lectin (CvL) purified from the marine sponge Cliona varians. CvL inhibited the growth of K562 cells with an IC50 value of 70 g/ml, but was ineffective to normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes in the same range of concentrations tested (180 g/ml). Cell death occurred after 72 h of exposure to the lectin and with sign of apoptosis as analysed by DAPI staining. Investigation of the possible effectors of this process showed that cell death occurred in the presence of Bcl-2 and Bax expression, and involved a caspase-independent pathway. Confocal fluorescence microscopy indicated a major role for the lysosomal protease cathepsin B in mediating cell death. Accordingly, pre-incubation of K562 cells with the cathepsin inhibitor L-trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido-(4-guanidino)butane (E-64) abolished the cytotoxic effect of CvL. Furthermore, we found upregulation of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) and down-modulation of p65 subunit of nuclear factor kappa B (NFB) expression in CvL-treated cells. These effects were accompanied by increased levels of p21 and downmodulation of pRb, suggesting that CvL is capable of cell cycle arrest. Collectively, these findings suggest that cathepsin B acts as death mediator in CvL-induced cytotoxicity possibly in a still uncharacterized connection with the membrane death receptor pathway

Uma Lectina D-lactose específica da esponja marinha Cinachyrella apion: purificação, caracterização e interação com Leishmania chagasi

Four different sponge species were screened using Ouchterlony agarose gel and immunodiffusion tests to identify cross-reactivity with the polyclonal antibody IgG anti-deglicosilated CvL, a lectin from Cliona varians. Crude extract from the sponge Cinachyrella apion showed cross-reactivity and also a strong haemmaglutinating activity towards human erythrocytes of all ABO groups. Thus, it was submitted to acetone fractionation, IgG anti-deglicosilated CvL Sepharose affinity chromatography, and Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC-AKTA) gel filtration on a Superose 6 10 300 column to purify a novel lectin. C. apion lectin (CaL) agglutinated all types of human erythrocytes with preference for papainized type A and O erythrocytes. The haemagglutinating activity is independent of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+ ions, and it was strongly inhibited by the disaccharide D-lactose, up to a minimum concentration of 6.25 mM. CaL molecular mass determined by FPLC-AKTA gel filtration on a Superose 12 10 300 column and SDS gel electrophoresis was approximately 124 kDa, consisting of eight subunits of 15.5 kDa, assembled by hydrophobic interactions. The lectin was relatively heat- and pH-stable. Leishmania chagasi romastigotes were agglutinated by CaL, indicating that lactose receptors could be presented in this parasite stage. These findings are indicative of the physiological defense roles of CaL and its possible use in the antibiosis of pathogenic protozoa

Purificação, caracterização e efeitos imunomodulatório e antiproliferativo de uma lectina do fungo Clavaria cristata (Holmsk.) Pers

A 140,0 kDa lectin was purified and characterized from the mushroom Clavaria cristata. The purification procedures from the crude extract of the mushroom comprised gel filtration chromatography on Sephacryl s200 and ion exchange on Resource Q column. The purified lectin agglutinated all types of human erythrocytes with preference for trypsinized type O erythrocytes. The haemagglutinating activity is dependent of Ca 2+ ions and was strongly inhibited by the glycoprotein bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM) up to the concentration of 0, 125 mg/mL. The C. cristata lectin (CcL) was stable in the pH range of 2,5-11,5 and termostable up to 80 °C. CcL molecular mass determined by gel filtration on a Superose 6 10 300 column was approximately 140,3 kDa. SDS polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis revealed a single band with a molecular mass of approximately 14,5 kDa, when the lectin was heated at 100 ⁰C in the presence or absence of β-mercaptoethanol. CcL induced activation of murine peritoneal macrophages in vitro resulting in the release of nitric oxide (NO), reaching the maximum production at 24 h. In experimental paw oedema model in mice, CcL showed proinflammatory activity being able to induce oedema formation. Cell viability of HepG2, MDA 435 e 3T3 cell lines was examined after 72 h of incubation with CcL in different concentrations (0,5-50 μg/mL). CcL inhibited HepG2 cells growth with an IC50 value of 50 μg/mL. In the present work, the observed immunomodulatory and antiproliferative effects indicate CcL as a possible immunomodulator compound, interfering in the macrophages immune response, taking possible anti-parasitic, anti-tumoral effects or diagnostic and/or therapeutic

Indução de morte celular em células de adenocarcinoma cervical humano (HeLa) pela lectina da esponja Cinachyrella apion (CaL)

Cancer is a term used to represent a set of more than 100 diseases, including malignant tumors from different locations. The malignancies are the second leading cause of death in the population, representing approximately 17% of deaths of known cause. Strategies that induce differentiation have had limited success in the treatment of established cancers. In this work, a lectin purified from the marine sponge Cinachyrella apion (CaL) was evaluated due to its hemolytic, cytotoxic and antiproliferative properties, besides the ability to induce cell death via apoptosis in tumor cells. The antiproliferative activity of CaL was tested against cell lines, with the highest inhibition of tumor growth for HeLa, reducing cell growth at a dose dependent manner, with a concentration of 10 μg/mL. The hemolytic activity and toxicity against peripheral blood cells were tested using the concentration of IC50 for both trials and twice the IC50 for analysis in flow cytometry, indicating that CaL is not toxic to these cells. To assess the mechanism of cell death caused by CaL in HeLa cells, we performed flow cytometry and western blotting. The results showed the lectin probably induces cell death by apoptosis activation by pro-apoptotic protein Bax, promoting mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, cell cycle arrest in S phase, with accumulation of cells of approximately 57% in this phase, and acting as both dependent and/or independent of caspases pathway. These results suggest that CaL has the potential to be used as drug treatment against cancer.

Lectina da esponja marinha Tedania ignis: purificação, caracterização e interação com leishmanias

Lectin obtained from the marine sponge Tedania ignis was purified and characterized by extraction of soluble proteins (crude extract) in 50mM Borax, pH 7.5. The purification procedure was carried out by crude extract precipitation with ammonium sulfate 30% (FI). The precipitated was resuspended in the same buffer and fractionated with acetone 1.0 volume (F1.0). A lectin was purified from this specific fraction by using an affinity chromatography Sepharose 6B. This lectin preferentially agglutinated human erythrocytes from B type previously treated with papain enzyme. The hemagglutinating activity lectin was dependent of divalent Mn2+ cation and was inhibited by the carbohydrates galactose, xylose and fructose. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated a molecular mass of the lectin around 45 kDa. This protein showed stability until 40°C for 1 h. Further, it showed activity between pH 2.5 and 11.5, with an enhanced activity at pH 7.5. Leishmania chagasi promastigotes stained with Coomassie brilliant blue R-250 were agglutinated by F1,0 and in the presence of galactose this interaction was abolished. These results show that this lectin could be implicated in defense procedures and it will can be used as biological tools in studies with this protozoon

Efeito pró-inflamatório de uma lectina purificada da esponja marinha Cliona varians

A galactose and sucrose specific lectin from the marine sponge Cliona varians named CvL was purified by acetone fractionation followed by Sepharose CL 4B affinity chromatography. Models of leukocyte migration in vivo were used to study the inflammatory activity of CvL through of mouse paw oedema and peritonitis. Effect of CvL on peritoneal macrophage activation was analyzed. Effects of corticoids and NSAIDS drugs were also evaluated on peritonitis stimulated by CvL. Results showed that mouse hind-paw oedema induced by sub plantar injections of CvL was dependent dose until 50µg/paw. This CvL dose when administered into mouse peritoneal cavities induced maxima cell migration (9283 cells/µL) at 24 hours after injection. This effect was preferentially inhibited by incubation of CvL with the carbohydrates D-galactose followed by sucrose. Pre-treatment of mice with 3% thioglycolate increases the peritoneal macrophage population 2.3 times, and enhanced the neutrophil migration after 24h CvL injection (75.8%, p<0.001) and no significant effect was observed in presence of fMLP. Finally, Pre-treatment of mice with dexamethason (cytokine antagonist) decreased 65.6%, (p<0.001), with diclofenac (non-selective NSAID) decreased 34.5%, (p<0.001) and Celecoxib (selective NSAID) had no effect on leukocyte migration after submission at peritonitis stimulated by CvL, respectively. Summarizing, data suggest that CvL shows pro-inflammatory activity, inducing neutrophil migration probably by pathway on resident macrophage activation and on chemotaxis mediated by cytokines

Avaliação do potencial de mutagenicidade e toxidade da lectina hipoglicemiante de folha de Bauhinia monandra (pata-de-vaca)

Medicinal plants have been used since antiquity to treat various human diseases. The leaves of Bauhinia monandra are widely used in Brazil as herbal remedies in the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. From the leaves of B. monandra was purified a galactose-specific lectin, called BmoLL, which also showed a significant hypoglycemic capacity. Following the proposed rules by decree No 116 of 1996/08/08 of the Ministry of Health of Brazil, the study aimed to evaluate the potential for toxicity and mutagenicity of BmoLL from the use of tests with Escherichia coli strain CC104 (Forward mutagenesis assay) with Salmonella typhimurium strain TA (Kado test), with plasmid pBCKS (Break occurrences in plasmid DNA) and enzyme exonuclease III (Search of abasic sites). The results demonstrated that the lectin was unable to increase the frequency of reverse mutation of strains of S. typhimurium, with and without metabolic activity. However, a significant decrease in the frequency of spontaneous mutation was observed in strains of E. coli, especially in poor repair (CC104mutMmutY), indicating an antioxidant potential of the lectin. BmoLL is unable to generate genotoxic and cytotoxic damage, based on the concentrations and the tests performed

Síntese e caracterização de compostos de coordenação homolépticos e heterolépticos com o ligante ácido kójico

The present work has as main objective to contribute to the coordination chemistry of the ligand kojic acid, with the synthesis and characterization of the homoleptic compounds [Al(kj)3], [Fe(kj)3], [Fe(kj)2], [Cu(kj)2] e [Ru(kj)3], and the new heteroleptic complexes, trans- K2[Fe(kj)2(CN)2] and trans-Na2[Ru(kj)2(CN)2]. The obtained compounds were characterized by vibrational spectroscopy in the infrared region (IV) and Electronic spectroscopy in the ultraviolet and visible region (Uv-Vis). The infrared results indicated the coordination of the bidentate ligand kojic acid, due to reductions in the values of the stretching frequencies of the carbonyl and double bonds, compared to the free ligand for all complexes obtained. The presence of new vibrational modes indicated the change of symmetry of the molecules in the new compounds synthesized. Additionally, the presence of vibrational modes assigned to metal-oxygen also contributed to confirm the ligand coordinating to the metal ions. Through this technique, was also possible to perform correlations of the numbers of vibrational modes, in the region 1400-900 cm-1 and the compounds geometry. The heteroleptic compounds exhibited υC≡N in 2065 and 2053 cm-1, respectively, for the trans-K2[Fe(kj)2(CN)2] and trans-Na2[Ru(kj)2(CN)2], indicating coordination of the cyano ligand to metal ions FeII e RuII. Comparing the obtained values with literature data was possible to identify the complex isomerism as trans. In relation to the results of electronic spectroscopy, studies of pH variation of kojic acid provided information on the distribution of electron density in the molecule, showing characteristic spectral profile of kojic ion and its protonated form (Hkj, kojic acid), with two bands at 215 and 269 nm, or deprotonated (kj-), with bands at 226 and 315 nm. The electronic spectra obtained for all complexes in aqueous medium, in the ultraviolet region, exhibited variations of the energies assigned to kojic acid intraligand transitions while in the visible region, only transitions assigned to charge transfer of iron and ruthenium complex have been identified

Estudo do comportamento térmico dos compostos de Ag+ e Pb2+ com o ligante 1,4-bis(3-carbóxi-3-oxo-prop-1-enil)benzeno

Este trabalho reporta o estudo de compostos binários do dicarboxilato 1,4-bis(3-carbóxi-3-oxo-prop-1-enil)benzeno, C6H4(-CH=CH-CO-COO-)2 , com os cátions metálicos Ag+ e Pb2+, obtidos a partir de soluções aquosas do ligante e dos nitratos dos cátions metálicos, em proporções estequiométricas. Para a caracterização e o estudo do processo de decomposição térmica desses compostos foram empregadas Espectrofotometria de Absorção na Região do Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FT-IR), Análise Elementar (C, H), Complexometria com EDTA, Termogravimetria (TG) e Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial (DSC).

Potencialidades e aplicações do ligante dietilditiofosfato de amônio em análises químicas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Cristalização e resolução de estrutura das proteínas Canavalia gladiata lectin (CGL) e Canavalia marítima lectin (CML) complexadas ao açúcar manose 1-6 manose

Pós-graduação em Biofísica Molecular - IBILCE

Determinação da fração lábil de Ba em água produzida de petróleo utilizando a técnica de difusão em filmes finos por gradiente de concentração com a membrana fosfato de celulose (P81) como agente ligante

Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE

Isolamento e caracterização parcial de adesina de Paracoccidioides brasiliensis ligante de fibronectina

Pós-graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia Aplicadas à Farmácia - FCFAR