Characterization of priority pollutants from a secondary lead and battery manufacturing facility /

Jan. 1979.

Operator & organizational maintenance manual for lead-acid storage batteries.

"This manual supersedes TM 9-6140-200-14, 20 August 1971."

Operator's, unit, direct support, and general support maintenance manual for lead-acid storage batteries : 4HN, 24 volt (NSN 6140-00-059-3528) MS75047-1, 2HN, 12 volt (NSN 6140-00-057-2553) MS35000-1 ....

"July 1989."

Poliuretana contendo corante azóico e espaçador tipo bis-carbonato como material para fabricação de filmes nanoestruturados

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desenvolvimento na indústria de acumulação de energia em baterias chumbo-ácido: processos alternativos de recuperação de chumbo

Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais - FC

Estudo químico quântico relativístico das propriedades eletrônicas e estruturais dos compostos Aun(n=1-5), AuOn-e AuSn - (n=1-2) e AuH

Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais - FC

Modelling of Effect of Non-Uniform Current Density on the Performance of Soluble Lead Redox Flow Batteries

Soluble lead acid redox flow battery (SLRFB) offers a number of advantages. These advantages can be harnessed after problems associated with buildup of active material on. electrodes (residue) are resolved. A mathematical model is developed to understand residue formation in SLRFB. The model incorporates fluid flow, ion transport, electrode reactions, and non-uniform current distribution on electrode surfaces. A number of limiting cases are studied to conclude that ion transport and electrode reaction on anode simultaneously control battery performance. The model fits the reported cell voltage vs. time profiles very well. During the discharge cycle, the model predicts complete dissolution of deposited material from trailing edge side of the electrodes. With time, the active surface area of electrodes decreases rapidly. The corresponding increase in current density leads to precipitous decrease in cell potential before all the deposited material is dissolved. The successive charge-discharge cycles add to the residue. The model correctly captures the marginal effect of flow rate on cell voltage profiles, and identifies flow rate and flow direction as new variables for controlling residue buildup. Simulations carried out with alternating flow direction and a SLRFB with cylindrical electrodes show improved performance with respect to energy efficiency and residue buildup. (C) 2014 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.

The Effects of Zinc Sulphate, Manganese Sulphate, and Iron Sulphate on the Lead Storage Cell.

The lead storage battery as it is used today is made up of the pasted type plates of lead dioxide, the anode, and sponge lead, the cathode, and wooden or hard rubber separators, which serve to insulate these from one another. In manufacturing these, it is desirable to keep them free from impurities.

Gilberts/Kedzie Property : former battery recycling facility : Kane County - Gilberts, Illinois.

In 2004, both Illinois EPA and U.S. EPA investigated the location of a former battery cracking and recycling operation in Gilberts. The main site is located immediately north of the intersection of Railroad and Mill Streets bounded to Galligan Road on the east and the Chicago and Northwestern Railway on the west. It is in an area that is mostly wooded near both industrial and residential properties. Lead acid batteries were cracked open to recover the lead. Some of the lead seeped into the ground along with acid contained in the batteries. Extensive environmental sampling last summer identified a six-acre area of gross contamination (mainly lead). Later, a second area of contamination was discovered to the southwest, where the Village of Gilberts Public Works building is now located, west of the railroad tracks - this is known as the Tower Hill Road site.

The effect of particle size on performance of cathode materials of Li-ion batteries

Beginning with the ‘frog-leg experiment’ by Galvani (1786), followed by the demonstrations of Volta pile by Volta (1792) and lead-acid accumulator by Plante´ (1859), several battery chemistries have been developed and realized commercially. The development of lithium-ion rechargeable battery in the early 1990s is a breakthrough in the science and technology of batteries. Owing to its high energy density and high operating voltage, the Li-ion battery has become the battery of choice for various portable applications such as note-book computers, cellular telephones, camcorders, etc. Huge efforts are underway in succeeding the development of large size batteries for electric vehicle applications. The origin of lithium-ion battery lies in the discovery that Li+-ions can reversibly be intercalated into/de-intercalated from the Van der Walls gap between graphene sheets of carbon materials at a potential close to the Li/Li+ electrode. By employing carbon as the negative electrode material in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, the problems associated with metallic lithium in rechargeable lithium batteries have been mitigated. Complimentary investigations on intercalation compounds based on transition metals have resulted in establishing LiCoO2 as the promising cathode material. By employing carbon and LiCoO2, respectively, as the negative and positive electrodes in a non-aqueous lithium-salt electrolyte,a Li-ion cell with a voltage value of about 3.5 V has resulted.Subsequent to commercialization of Li-ion batteries, a number of research activities concerning various aspects of the battery components began in several laboratories across the globe. Regarding the positive electrode materials, research priorities have been to develop different kinds of active materials concerning various aspects such as safety, high capacity, low cost, high stability with long cycle-life, environmental compatibility,understanding relationships between crystallographic and electrochemical properties. The present review discusses the published literature on different positive electrode materials of Li-ion batteries, with a focus on the effect of particle size on electrochemical performance.

12 V / kilo-Farad Range Lead-Carbon Hybrid Ultracapacitors and Their Envisaged Applications

12 V / kilo-Farad (kF) range substrate-integrated lead-carbon hybrid ultracapacitors (HUCs) wherein the conventional positive plates of lead-acid batteries are replaced with substrate-integrated PbO2 positive plates and the negative plates are replaced with carbon-coated graphitic electrodes, providing totally non-faradaic and corrosion-free electrodes, are developed and performance tested. Constant-current discharge data at varying load-currents, constant-power discharge data at varying power values, and the capacitance data at different temperature for a 12 V / kF range substrate-integrated lead-carbon HUC are described along with its resistance, leakage current, self-discharge and cycle-life characteristics.

Diseño y montaje de un identificador y conmutador para carga de baterías en serie

[ES]El objetivo de este proyecto es diseñar y construir un circuito identificador y conmutador para carga de baterías en serie autónomo. La funcionalidad de este dispositivo es determinar cual es la batería menos cargada de un banco de baterías de ácido plomo que alimenta un coche al estándar de 48 voltios(conformado por cuatro baterías de 12 voltios). Una vez determinado cual es la batería menos cargada debe re-­‐ direccionar la corriente dada por una placa solar a dicha batería. Todo esto debe hacerlo de forma autónoma, a través de un programa específico, implementado en un microcontrolador. En las diferentes fases del proyecto se ha diseñado el software, se ha diseñado y montado el hardware y se ha verificado su correcto funcionamiento. Además se presentan los costes y la viabilidad de una propuesta de fabricación estandarizada a partir de los planos resultantes del proyecto. Este proyecto surge como respuesta a la actual necesidad de aumentar la limitada autonomía de los coches eléctricos y hacerlos más eficientes. El proyecto se ha llevado a cabo en el laboratorio de electrónica de la ETSI de Bilbao y pretende promover el uso de los coches eléctricos y energías renovables.

Análise do comportamento da bateria utilizada em sistemas fotovoltaicos de pequeno porte pequeno

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Análise do comportamento da bateria utilizada em sistemas fotovoltáicos de pequeno porte

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

DC MICROGRID STABILIZATION THROUGH FUZZY CONTROL OF INTERLEAVED, HETEROGENEOUS STORAGE ELEMENTS

As microgrid power systems gain prevalence and renewable energy comprises greater and greater portions of distributed generation, energy storage becomes important to offset the higher variance of renewable energy sources and maximize their usefulness. One of the emerging techniques is to utilize a combination of lead-acid batteries and ultracapacitors to provide both short and long-term stabilization to microgrid systems. The different energy and power characteristics of batteries and ultracapacitors imply that they ought to be utilized in different ways. Traditional linear controls can use these energy storage systems to stabilize a power grid, but cannot effect more complex interactions. This research explores a fuzzy logic approach to microgrid stabilization. The ability of a fuzzy logic controller to regulate a dc bus in the presence of source and load fluctuations, in a manner comparable to traditional linear control systems, is explored and demonstrated. Furthermore, the expanded capabilities (such as storage balancing, self-protection, and battery optimization) of a fuzzy logic system over a traditional linear control system are shown. System simulation results are presented and validated through hardware-based experiments. These experiments confirm the capabilities of the fuzzy logic control system to regulate bus voltage, balance storage elements, optimize battery usage, and effect self-protection.