Geo-morfo-evolução de Setúbal e Évora: paralelismos e diversidades

Resumo As cidades apresentam no seu desenvolvimento características comuns, embora em cada uma se verifique uma entidade intrínseca e determinada por vários fatores, nomeadamente a morfologia e o desenho urbano. Estes são influenciados pelo processo de instalação da cidade, numa determinada época, com uma posição específica no território funcional e num sítio com características topográficas e geográficas, que irão informar a criação das várias dimensões da configuração urbana; económicas; funcionais; sociológicas; estéticas e simbólicos. Temos, assim, cidades com os seus elementos estruturantes distintos: ruas; praças; quarteirões, equipamentos; edifícios singulares e a arquitetura de caracter corrente, que as distinguem. Analisemos o exemplo das cidades de Setúbal e Évora sob estes aspetos e as suas diferentes configurações morfológicas. A cidade de Setúbal instalou-se numa local que lhe assegurou boas condições naturais de defesa, boa exposição solar, proteção dos ventos, facilidade de recursos económicos assentes nas actividades fluvio-marítimos, condições geográficas de comunicação quer por via terrestre, quer por via fluvial e marítima, através do Oceano Atlântico. A urbe, que beneficiou de grande desenvolvimento no período de ocupação romana, terá sofrido, posteriormente, um período de decadência, tendo sido reocupada com a reconquista cristã. A área urbana inicial foi cercada, no séc. XIV, por uma cintura de muralhas. No séc. XVII a construção da segunda estrutura defensiva, abaluartada, circunscreveu também os arrabaldes e conteve a consolidação urbana até ao final ao séc. XIX. Évora é uma urbe que, remontando a data indeterminada, conserva ainda hoje o seu centro histórico circunscrito por um conjunto notável de muralhas cuja construção remonta à Baixa Idade Média. O desenvolvimento da cidade ocorreu a partir dos eixos que ligavam as principais portas situadas no circuito amuralhado quer o mais antigo que remontava ao período romano-godo quer o seguinte da época medieva, ou o mais recente, o Sistema Vauban do século XVII. O tecido urbano foi-se densificando ao longo dos séculos constatando-se actualmente a existência de espaços urbanos livres no casco histórico de tipologias diversas. No caso de Setúbal o tecido urbano foi sendo formado, com uma forma alongada, sob a orientação de eixos paralelos à linha de costa e o surgimento progressivo de praças, segundo um crescimento orgânico, embora submetido a uma estrutura que seguiu em cada momento os parâmetros organizacionais definidores e geradores da forma urbana. A cidade de Évora teve um desenvolvimento radio-concêntrico que evoluiu prolongando os eixos radiais, interligados através de vias circulares.

Comparative Analysis of Existing Guidelines for Gender-Fair Language within the ITN LCG Network. ITN-LCG, Workpackage B: Report on Milestone 1

Guidelines for a gender-fair use of the languages represented in the ITN LCG network were analyzed comparatively for specific criteria. All institutional or governmental guidelines aim at attenuating male-biased representations that are brought about by certain grammatical structures of the respective language. These guidelines primarily focus on the use of masculine forms as generics because they reduce the visibility of women in language. The comparison shows that guidelines for English, a language without grammatical gender, emphasize neutralization as a means of referring to both sexes. This differs from grammatical gender languages, such as German and Italian, in which feminine-masculine word-pairs are recommended in order to avoid the masculine bias. The guidelines all aim to promote the formulation of comprehensive and readable texts that are free of discrimination.

A universal language for continuous network simulation /

Typescript.

Common command language for file manipulation and network job execution : an example /

Includes bibliographical references (p. 27).

Biologically Plausible Connectionist Prediction of Natural Language Thematic Relations

In Natural Language Processing (NLP) symbolic systems, several linguistic phenomena, for instance, the thematic role relationships between sentence constituents, such as AGENT, PATIENT, and LOCATION, can be accounted for by the employment of a rule-based grammar. Another approach to NLP concerns the use of the connectionist model, which has the benefits of learning, generalization and fault tolerance, among others. A third option merges the two previous approaches into a hybrid one: a symbolic thematic theory is used to supply the connectionist network with initial knowledge. Inspired on neuroscience, it is proposed a symbolic-connectionist hybrid system called BIO theta PRED (BIOlogically plausible thematic (theta) symbolic-connectionist PREDictor), designed to reveal the thematic grid assigned to a sentence. Its connectionist architecture comprises, as input, a featural representation of the words (based on the verb/noun WordNet classification and on the classical semantic microfeature representation), and, as output, the thematic grid assigned to the sentence. BIO theta PRED is designed to ""predict"" thematic (semantic) roles assigned to words in a sentence context, employing biologically inspired training algorithm and architecture, and adopting a psycholinguistic view of thematic theory.

One size doesn't fit all: Research methodologies in a language variation study of Sudanese teens

The research reported here draws on a study of five teenagers from a Dinka-speaking community of Sudanese settling in Australia. A range of factors including language proficiency, social network structure and language attitudes are examined as possible causes for the variability of language use. The results and discussion illustrate how the use of a triangular research approach captured the complexity of the participants' language situation and was critical to developing a full understanding of the interplay of factors influencing the teens' language maintenance and shift in a way that no single method could. Further, it shows that employment of different methodologies allowed for flexibility in data collection to ensure the fullest response from participants. Overall, this research suggests that for studies of non-standard communities, variability in research methods may prove more of a strength that the use of standardised instruments and approaches.

Model morphisms (MoMo) to enable language independent information models and interoperable business networks

MSc. Dissertation presented at Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia of Universidade Nova de Lisboa to obtain the Master degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering

Sentiment analysis on twitter for the portuguese language

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática

Thrombophilia screening: An artificial neural network approach

Thrombotic disorders have severe consequences for the patients and for the society in general, being one of the main causes of death. These facts reveal that it is extremely important to be preventive; being aware of how probable is to have that kind of syndrome. Indeed, this work will focus on the development of a decision support system that will cater for an individual risk evaluation with respect to the surge of thrombotic complaints. The Knowledge Representation and Reasoning procedures used will be based on an extension to the Logic Programming language, allowing the handling of incomplete and/or default data. The computational framework in place will be centered on Artificial Neural Networks.

A Framework for Analyzing Language and Welfare

The paper proposes a general model that will encompass trade and social benefits of a common language, a preference for a variety of languages, the fundamental role of translators, an emotional attachment to maternal language, and the threat that globalization poses to the vast majority of languages. With respect to people’s emotional attachment, the model considers minorities to suffer losses from the subordinate status of their language. In addition, the model treats the threat to minority language as coming from the failure of the parents in the minority to transmit their maternal language (durably) to their children. Some familiar results occur. In particular, we encounter the usual social inefficiencies of decentralized solutions to language learning when the sole benefits of the learning are communicative benefits (though translation intervenes). However, these social inefficiencies assume a totally different air when the con-sumer gains of variety are brought in. One fundamental aim of the paper is to bring together contributions to the economics of language from labor economics, network externalities and international trade that are typically treated separately.

A Framework for Analyzing Language and Welfare

The paper proposes a general model that will encompass trade and social benefits of a common language, a preference for a variety of languages, the fundamental role of translators, an emo-tional attachment to maternal language, and the threat that globalization poses to the vast ma-jority of languages. With respect to people’s emotional attachment, the model considers minor-ities to suffer losses from the subordinate status of their language. In addition, the model treats the threat to minority language as coming from the failure of the parents in the minority to transmit their maternal language (durably) to their children. Some familiar results occur. In particular, we encounter the usual social inefficiencies of decentralized solutions to language learning when the sole benefits of the learning are communicative benefits (though translation intervenes). However, these social inefficiencies assume a totally different air when the con-sumer gains of variety are brought in. One fundamental aim of the paper is to bring together contributions to the economics of language from labor economics, network externalities and international trade that are typically treated separately.

Towards a User-Friendly Platform for Building Language Resources based on Web Services

This paper presents the platform developed in the PANACEA project, a distributed factory that automates the stages involved in the acquisition, production, updating and maintenance of Language Resources required by Machine Translation and other Language Technologies. We adopt a set of tools that have been successfully used in the Bioinformatics field, they are adapted to the needs of our field and used to deploy web services, which can be combined to build more complex processing chains (workflows). This paper describes the platform and its different components (web services, registry, workflows, social network and interoperability). We demonstrate the scalability of the platform by carrying out a set of massive data experiments. Finally, a validation of the platform across a set of required criteria proves its usability for different types of users (non-technical users and providers).