128 resultados para LUMO


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Kirjoituksen lumo -näyttelyn avajaisissa 17.3.2003 Kansalliskirjastossa pidetty esitelmä. Tapani Harviainen on Helsingin yliopiston seemiläisten kielten professori

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A series of seven Schiff bases have been synthesized from 3,3-diphenylpropilamine and substituted benzaldehydes. These imines were treated with NaBH4 in ethanol affording the corresponding amines in 98-55% yields. A molecular modeling study was performed with the Schiff bases in order to compare the theoretical parameters with the experimental results. The theoretical parameters were obtained by AM1 and PM3 semi-empirical methods. The analysis of charge, electron densities and LUMO coefficients suggested that the most favorable interactions should occur with Schiff bases containing electron-donating groups, in accordance with experimental yields, showing that the higher reactivity is due to higher electrophilic character of imine carbons.

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This work contains the theoretical simulation of the conformation of diphenyl-4-amine sodium sulphonate (DASNa) and correlates its geometry with conductivity, showing that the conductivity increases as the molecule becomes more planar. The solvent effect was also evaluated, using water and dimethylsulfoxide. Some properties, such as bond distance, vibration al frequency and effective charge were calculated. The utilization of diphenyl-4-amine sodium sulphonate (DASNa) as dopant of aniline was investigated in view of the HOMO-LUMO energy gap.

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A computational quantum chemistry experiment is described of Diels-Alder reactions between 2-cycloenones and cyclopentadiene. The effects of FMO-Frontier Molecular Orbitals (HOMO-LUMO) and of the withdrawing nature of substituents at the C=C bond of cycloenones were evaluated. The calculations were made using HF/STO-3G and B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) methods. The FMO based indexes are in agreement with the experimentally observed reactivity order. NBO - Natural Bond Orbitals - analysis was used to ascertain the effect of C=C substituents on the dienophile reactivity.

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We report a didactic experience in teaching Pearson's theory (HSAB) to graduate students in organic chemistry. This approach was based on teaching students how to use computer programs to calculate frontier orbitals (HOMO-LUMO). The suggested level of calculation was a semi-empiric PM3, proving to be efficient for obtaining robust and fast numerical results that can be performed easily in the classroom. We described a practical computational exercise and asked students to compare these numerical data with qualitative analysis using valence bond theory. A comprehensive solution of this exercise is presented, aiming to support teachers in their lessons.

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(E)-2-{[(2-Aminopyridin-3-yl)imino]-methyl}-4,6-di-tert-butyl-phenol ( 3: ), a ligand containing an intramolecular hydrogen bond, was prepared according to a previous literature report, with modifications, and was characterized by UV-vis, FTIR, ¹H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HHCOSY, TOCSY and cyclic voltammetry. Computational analyses at the level of DFT and TD-DFT were performed to study its electronic and molecular structures. The results of these analyses elucidated the behaviors of the UV-vis and electrochemical data. Analysis of the transitions in the computed spectrum showed that the most important band is primarily composed of a HOMO→LUMO transition, designated as an intraligand (IL) charge transfer.

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The carcinogenic potential of carbendazim and its metabolites was analyzed using statistical treatment of electronic parameters obtained from DFT/ 6-311++G(d,p) and AM1 calculations. The carcinogen-DNA interaction is described in the framework of the theory of unsynchronized resonance of covalent bond as a process of electron transfer involving the HOMO and LUMO frontier orbitals. Through a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the electron affinity, carcinogen-DNA interaction energy, electrostatic attraction and cell membrane permeability (dipole moment m and partition coefficient LogP) evidence was obtained showing carbendazim displays carcinogenic activity. For the metabolites of carbendazim, no evidence was found in the literature of their carcinogenic activities. However, the electronic parameters for these metabolites exhibited similarity to known carcinogens, thereby showing the importance of the results obtained in this study for a policy based on the precautionary principle.

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Kirjallisuusarvostelu

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Maatalousalueiden luonnon monimuotoisuuden ja kosteikkojen yleissuunnittelussa eli LUMO-yleissuunnittelussa on tavoitteena maatalousympäristön luonnon monimuotoisuuden säilyminen sekä luonnon ja vesistöjen tilan parantaminen. Maatiloilta etsitään kohteita, joilla on merkitystä luonnon monimuotoisuudelle tai vesiensuojelulle ja joille voidaan hakea maatalouden ympäristötuen erityistukia. Maanviljelijöitä halutaan kannustaa tekemään työtä maaseutuympäristön säilymisen puolesta ja hakemaan tälle työlle korvausta erityistukien muodossa. LUMO-yleissuunnitteluun sisältyvät seuraavat maatalouden ympäristötuen erityistukityypit: luonnon ja maiseman monimuotoisuuden edistäminen, perinnebiotooppien hoito, suojavyöhykkeen perustaminen ja hoito, monivaikutteisen kosteikon hoito sekä pohjavesialueiden peltoviljely. Lisäksi perinnebiotooppien alkukunnostukseen ja kosteikon perustamiseen voi hakea ei-tuotannollisten investointien tukia. Nämä kaikki vaativat hakemuksen lisäksi tarkemman suunnitelman. Muutamia tukia voivat viljelijöiden lisäksi hakea nykyisin myös rekisteröidyt yhdistykset. LUMO-yleissuunnitelma tehdään yhdelle rajatulle alueelle kerrallaan, Etelä-Savossa vuonna 2011 Mikkelin Haukivuorella sijaitseville Kyyveden pohjoisille rantakylille. LUMO-yleissuunnittelun maastotöiden yhteydessä tältä alueelta löytyi jo tiedossa olevien arvokkaiden kohteiden lisäksi useita arvokkaita perinnebiotooppeja, luonnon monimuotoisuuskohteita sekä kosteikon ja suojavyöhykkeiden paikkoja. Suunnittelualueelta löytyi yhteensä jo tiedossa olevat arvot mukaan luettuina noin 90 kpl luonnon ja maiseman monimuotoisuuskohdetta (mm. laidunalueita, reunavyöhykkeitä, peltojen puustoisia saarekkeita, kiviaitoja ja -raunioita sekä puukujia), 13 kpl perinnebiotooppeja, 2,5 km suojavyöhykkeitä, 0,9 ha pohjavesialueen peltoja sekä 7 kpl kosteikon paikkoja, joista yksi jo toteutettu.