Low-Complexity Near-MAP Decoding of Large Non-Orthogonal STBCs Using PDA

Non-orthogonal space-time block codes (STBC) from cyclic division algebras (CDA) are attractive because they can simultaneously achieve both high spectral efficiencies (same spectral efficiency as in V-BLAST for a given number of transmit antennas) as well as full transmit diversity. Decoding of non-orthogonal STBCs with hundreds of dimensions has been a challenge. In this paper, we present a probabilistic data association (PDA) based algorithm for decoding non-orthogonal STBCs with large dimensions. Our simulation results show that the proposed PDA-based algorithm achieves near SISO AWGN uncoded BER as well as near-capacity coded BER (within 5 dB of the theoretical capacity) for large non-orthogonal STBCs from CDA. We study the effect of spatial correlation on the BER, and show that the performance loss due to spatial correlation can be alleviated by providing more receive spatial dimensions. We report good BER performance when a training-based iterative decoding/channel estimation is used (instead of assuming perfect channel knowledge) in channels with large coherence times. A comparison of the performances of the PDA algorithm and the likelihood ascent search (LAS) algorithm (reported in our recent work) is also presented.

The challenge of LC/MS/MS multi-mycotoxin analysis - Heracles battling the Hydra?

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of filamentous fungi. They pose a health risk to humans and animals due to their harmful biological properties and common occurrence in food and feed. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) has gained popularity in the trace analysis of food contaminants. In this study, the applicability of the technique was evaluated in multi-residue methods of mycotoxins aiming at simultaneous detection of chemically diverse compounds. Methods were developed for rapid determination of toxins produced by fungal genera of Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium and Claviceps from cheese, cereal based agar matrices and grains. Analytes were extracted from these matrices with organic solvents. Minimal sample clean-up was carried out before the analysis of the mycotoxins with reversed phase LC coupled to tandem MS (MS/MS). The methods were validated and applied for investigating mycotoxins in cheese and ergot alkaloid occurrence in Finnish grains. Additionally, the toxin production of two Fusarium species predominant in northern Europe was studied. Nine mycotoxins could be determined from cheese with the method developed. The limits of quantification (LOQ) allowed the quantification at concentrations varying from 0.6 to 5.0 µg/kg. The recoveries ranged between 96 and 143 %, and the within-day repeatability (as relative standard deviation, RSDr) between 2.3 and 12.1 %. Roquefortine C and mycophenolic acid could be detected at levels of 300 up to 12000 µg/kg in the mould cheese samples analysed. A total of 29 or 31 toxins could be analysed with the method developed for agar matrices and grains, with the LOQs ranging overall from 0.1 to 1250 µg/kg. The recoveries ranged generally between 44 and 139 %, and the RSDr between 2.0 and 38 %. Type-A trichothecenes and beauvericin were determined from the cereal based agar and grain cultures of F. sporotrichioides and F. langsethiae. T-2 toxin was the main metabolite, the average levels reaching 22000 µg/kg in the grain cultures after 28 days of incubation. The method developed for ten ergot alkaloids from grains allowed their quantification at levels varying from 0.01 to 10 µg/kg. The recoveries ranged from 51 to 139 %, and the RSDr from 0.6 to 13.9 %. Ergot alkaloids were measured in barley and rye at average levels of 59 and 720 µg/kg, respectively. The two most prevalent alkaloids were ergocornine and ergocristine. The LC/MS methods developed enabled rapid detection of mycotoxins in such applications where several toxins co-occurred. Generally, the performance of the methods was good, allowing reliable analysis of the mycotoxins of interest with sufficiently low quantification limits. However, the variation in validation results highlighted the challenges related to optimising this type of multi-residue methods. New data was obtained about the occurrence of mycotoxins in mould cheeses and of ergot alkaloids in Finnish grains. In addition, the study revealed the high mycotoxin-producing potential of two common fungi in Finnish crops. The information can be useful when risks related to fungal and mycotoxin contamination will be assessed.

2-Halooxyethylene ethers of cholesterol as novel single component, room temperature cholesteric LC materials

A series of 2-haloethoxyethyl cholesteryl ethers has been synthesized. Each material shows attractive liquid-crystalline properties as revealed by differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing microscopy, and temperature-dependence of selective reflection characteristic of the cholesteric mesophase. These are interesting examples of simple, nonpolymeric, single component systems that show the cholesteric mesophase at room temperature.

O outro e a transcendência : na parábola do Bom Samaritano (Lc 10, 25-37)

Resumen: Neste estudo, procuramos definir o sentido da corporeidade em Entralgo, relacionando-o com o pensamento de Lévinas. Segundo Entralgo, o corpo humano era um microcosmos integrado num cosmos. Assim, o corpo é i único objecto do Universo, do qual temos um duplo conhecimento não de fora, como também temos a sua percepção a partir de dentro. Porém, segundo Lévinas, a corporeidade é a expressão do Rosto do Outro, referindo- se como uma prefiguração do Outro, que tem o seu epílogo na parábola do Bom Samaritano. Há, na verdade, uma relação de aproximação antropológica entre o sentido do corpo como forma de manifestar o Outro. Em ti e por ti, tu eras uma pessoa, mas sendo tu uma pessoa, podendo e devendo Eu ver-te e tratar-te como tal pessoa. Os dois pensadores apresentam uma referência em relação à pessoas. Segundo Lévinas a pessoa será responsabilidade.

Influencia de dos cultivos antecedente y diferentes métodos de control a la cenosis y al crecimiento y rendimiento del tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum LC.V. "UC-82)

Este ensayo se realizó en noviembre de 1988 a Marzo de 1989, la cooperativa Rubén Duarte, Managua, con el objetivo de determinar la influencia de diferentes cultivos antecesores y métodos de control de malezas sobre la dinámica de la cenosis de malezas y el crecimiento, desarrollo y rendimiento del cultivo de tomate. La mayor abundancia se presentó cuando el cultivo antecesor fue maíz, así como en el control químico Flauzifop (B2), El mayor peso seco total de malezas presentó cuando antecedió sorgo y en el control químico Fluazifop. El número de inflorescencia y flores abiertas se presentó mayor en el sorgo como antecesor: los métodos de control ejercieron influencia en el número de flores abiertas, influencias, numero de ramas, encontrándose que el que ejerció mejor influencia fue el control mecánico: el número de frutos totales por plantas y el rendimiento resultaron mayor en el maíz como antecesor comportándose diferente en peso total de frutos que fue mayor cuando antecedió sorgo. Con el control mecánico, resulto en mayor número de frutos totales por plantas y el rendimiento.

LC teknika desberdinen erabilera Sindrome metabolikoaren aurkako terapian erabiltzen diren farmakoen determinaziorako

330 p.

Comparación de la rugosidad media y máxima obtenida mediante diferentes instrumentos: análisis del filtro y Lc empleados

[ES]Este trabajo pretende analizar la influencia que tiene la longitud de corte elegida y el filtro empleado en la medida de la rugosidad. Se realizan medidas de rugosidad en tres probetas que han sido sometidas a diferentes procesos de fabricación (fresado, rectificado y electroerosión). Además, se utilizan tres instrumentos diferentes para la medición. Tras realizar las medidas, se comparan los resultados y se extraen las conclusiones

LC-MS based methods for phytosterols determination in oenological matrices. Targeted metabolomic study of Rioja grape varieties

221 p.+ anexos

Dynamics in dye-doped LC systems in presence of trans-cis isomerism

The excitation as well as relaxation dynamics of dye-doped nematic liquid crystal cells has been explored both experimentally and theoretically. Overshoots in the build up of the probe signal diffracted from gratings written onto dye-doped liquid crystal systems have often been observed. The overshoot behaviour makes the accurate measurement of nonlinear optical (NLO) response magnitude difficult and ambiguous. Moreover, it complicates the understanding of the dynamics and the physics of the NLO processes. On the basis of the system with trans-cis isomerisation as a mechanism of the NLO effect the quantitative model has been built to describe the experimental results which we observe. The two unknown material parameters: diffusion coefficient and cis species lifetime are calculated from the relaxation data. A quantitative model of the signal build-up uses these parameters. The calculated dynamic behaviour based on this model correlates very well with the experimental data. The model is used to predict the performance of the system with various dopant diffusion properties.