The complete writings of Walt Whitman. Issued under the editorial supervision of his literary executors, Richard Maurice Bucke, Thomas B. Harned, and Horace L. Traubel;

"The book-lover's Camden edition."

Chapters selected from the writings of L. B. R. Briggs and William James.

Mode of access: Internet.

University of Michigan President Harry B. Hutchins with faculty and regents at Camp Douglas

front row left to right: Walter Sawyer, Harry B. Hutchins, Junius C. Beal; behind Beal: C. E. Johnson, ? , Howard Merrick

Population structure of Bactrocera dorsalis s.s., B. papayae and B. philippinensis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in southeast Asia: evidence for a single species hypothesis using mitochondrial DNA and wingshape data

Background Bactrocera dorsalis s.s. is a pestiferous tephritid fruit fly distributed from Pakistan to the Pacific, with the Thai/Malay peninsula its southern limit. Sister pest taxa, B. papayae and B. philippinensis, occur in the southeast Asian archipelago and the Philippines, respectively. The relationship among these species is unclear due to their high molecular and morphological similarity. This study analysed population structure of these three species within a southeast Asian biogeographical context to assess potential dispersal patterns and the validity of their current taxonomic status. Results Geometric morphometric results generated from 15 landmarks for wings of 169 flies revealed significant differences in wing shape between almost all sites following canonical variate analysis. For the combined data set there was a greater isolation-by-distance (IBD) effect under a ‘non-Euclidean’ scenario which used geographical distances within a biogeographical ‘Sundaland context’ (r2 = 0.772, P < 0.0001) as compared to a ‘Euclidean’ scenario for which direct geographic distances between sample sites was used (r2 = 0.217, P < 0.01). COI sequence data were obtained for 156 individuals and yielded 83 unique haplotypes with no correlation to current taxonomic designations via a minimum spanning network. BEAST analysis provided a root age and location of 540kya in northern Thailand, with migration of B. dorsalis s.l. into Malaysia 470kya and Sumatra 270kya. Two migration events into the Philippines are inferred. Sequence data revealed a weak but significant IBD effect under the ‘non-Euclidean’ scenario (r2 = 0.110, P < 0.05), with no historical migration evident between Taiwan and the Philippines. Results are consistent with those expected at the intra-specific level. Conclusions Bactrocera dorsalis s.s., B. papayae and B. philippinensis likely represent one species structured around the South China Sea, having migrated from northern Thailand into the southeast Asian archipelago and across into the Philippines. No migration is apparent between the Philippines and Taiwan. This information has implications for quarantine, trade and pest management.

The Structure of 9b-Methyl- 3afl,3b~,5 a~t,9a0h9bfl, 11 afl-perhydrophenanthro-[2,l-b]furan-7-one

C17H2602, M, = 262, triclinic, PI, a = 8.513(2), b = 8.970(2), c = 11.741(3)A, a = 120.51 (5), fl = 93.30(4), y = 68.43(4) ° , V = 708.9,/k 3, Z = 2, D O = 1.213, D e = 1.227 Mg m -a, g(Mo Ka, 2 = 0.7107 ,&) = 0.084 mm -1, F(000) = 288. The structure, solved by direct methods, has been refined to an R value of 5.9% using 1361 intensity measurements. The ring junctions, in sequence from either end of the polycycle, are cis, trans and cis.

Consumption to biomass (Q/B) ratio and estimates of Q/B-predictor parameters for Caribbean fishes

Estimates of the Q/B ratio and parameters of equations to 'predict' Q/B values for 116 fish stocks in the Gulf of Salamanca, Colombia are presented. A compilation of these estimates available for Caribbean Sea fishes (264 stocks) is also provided for comparison purposes. General trends in the value of Q/B resulting from differences in the equation and parameter values used are briefly discussed.

Fishing gear selectivity of Lates niloticus L. (Nile perch), Oreochromis niloticus L. (Nile tilapia) and Rastrineobola argentea Pellegrin (Mukene) in lakes Victoria, Kyoga and Nabugabo

Catch effort data on which fisheries management regulations are sometimes based are not available for most lakes in Uganda. However, failure to regulate fishing gears and methods has been a major cause of collapse of fisheries in the country. Fisheries have been damaged by destructive and non-selective fishing gears and methods such as trawling and beach seining, by use of gill nets of mesh size which crop immature fish and by introduction of mechanised fishing. Selectivity of the gears used to crop Lates niloticus 1. (Nile perch), Oreochromis niloticus 1. (Nile tilapia) and Rastrineobola argentea (Mukene) which are currently the most important commercial species in Uganda were examined in order to recommend the most suitable types, sizes and methods that should be used in exploiting these fisheries . Gill nets of less than 127 mm mainly cropped immature Nile ti1apia and Nile perch. To protect these fisheries, the minimum mesh size of gill nets should be set at 127 mm. Seine nets of 5 mm do catch high proportions of immature Mukene while those of 10 mm catch mainly mature Mukene. When operated inshore, both sizes catch immature Nile perch and Nile ti1apia as by-catch. To protect the Mukene fishery and avoid catching immature byecatch, a minimum mesh size of the Mukene net should have been 10 mm operated as Lampara type net offshore but since most fishennen have been using the 5 mm seine for over five years the minimum size should not be allowed to drop below 5 mm pending further thorough investigations. Beach seining, trawling and are destructive to fisheries and should be prohibited until data that may justify their use is available.

Characterization of the artificially covalent conjugate of B-phycoerythrin and R-phycocyanin and the phycobilisome from Porphyridium cruentum

B-phycoerythrin (BPE) and R-phycocyanin (RPC) were purified from Porphyridium cruentum by Sephadex G-200 chromatography, then the BPE was attached covalently to the RPC by reacting their amino groups to form the artificially covalent BPE-RPC conjugate in which the excitation energy can transfer from the BPE to the RPC with low efficiency. Meanwhile, the intact phycobilisome (PBS) consisting of BPE, RPC, APC and L-CM was isolated and purified from Porphyridium cruentum, and the purified PBS was found to keep intact if the solution contains sucrose. Comparison of spectroscopic properties between the purified PBS and the BPE-RPC conjugate suggests that the BPE-RPC conjugate is much more stable than the purified PBS. The construction of BPE-RPC conjugate with low efficiency of the excitation energy transfer may be useful for preparing phycobiliprotein probes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Associations between Intake of Folate, Methionine, and Vitamins B-12, B-6 and Prostate Cancer Risk in American Veterans.

Prostate cancer (PC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Recent reports suggest that excess of nutrients involved in the one-carbon metabolism pathway increases PC risk; however, empirical data are lacking. Veteran American men (272 controls and 144 PC cases) who attended the Durham Veteran American Medical Center between 2004-2009 were enrolled into a case-control study. Intake of folate, vitamin B12, B6, and methionine were measured using a food frequency questionnaire. Regression models were used to evaluate the association among one-carbon cycle nutrients, MTHFR genetic variants, and prostate cancer. Higher dietary methionine intake was associated with PC risk (OR = 2.1; 95%CI 1.1-3.9) The risk was most pronounced in men with Gleason sum <7 (OR = 2.75; 95%CI 1.32- 5.73). The association of higher methionine intake and PC risk was only apparent in men who carried at least one MTHFR A1298C allele (OR = 6.7; 95%CI = 1.6-27.8), compared to MTHFR A1298A noncarrier men (OR = 0.9; 95%CI = 0.24-3.92) (p-interaction = 0.045). There was no evidence for associations between B vitamins (folate, B12, and B6) and PC risk. Our results suggest that carrying the MTHFR A1298C variants modifies the association between high methionine intake and PC risk. Larger studies are required to validate these findings.

Excellent correlation between cathepsin B inhibition and cytotoxicity for a series of palladacycles

The reaction of the five- or six-membered C,N or C,S-palladacycles [(L)PdCl](2) with PTA (1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) led to the monomeric complexes [(L)Pd(PTA)Cl] 6a, 6b and 7 where LH= N,N-dimethyl-1-phenylmethanamine, benzyl(methyl)sulfane or 1-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-2(3H)-one respectively. Dimeric complexes have also been synthesised: [Pd(2)L(2)(mu-dppe)Cl(2)], where LH = 1-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-2(3H)-one (1a), (R)- or (S)-3-isopropyl-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-2(3H)-one (1b, 1c), [Pd(2)L(2)(mu-dppf)Cl(2)], where L= 1-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-2(3H)-one (4a) or (R)-3-isopropyl-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-2(3H)-one (4b), respectively, and dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, dppf = 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene. The complexes were characterised in solution, by (1)H and (31)P NMR spectroscopy, and single crystals of complexes 6b and 7 were studied in the solid state by X-ray crystallography. The palladacycles were evaluated for in vitro activity as cytotoxic agents on A2780/S cells and also as cathepsin B inhibitors, an enzyme implicated in a number of cancer related events.