Berlin, général Ludendorff : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 58632

A Stuttgart, des députés bavarois arrivant à l'assemblée nationale : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 58633

Stuttgart, assemblée nationale du gouvernement Ebert : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 58634

A Stuttgart, les troupes défendent les abords de l'assemblée nationale sous la présidence d'Ebert : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 58636

Berlin, les troupes repoussent la foule place Postdam, [x indique] le siège de la commission interalliée : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 58637

Berlin, le vieux drapeau hissé à la Chancellerie : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 58639

Effect of citrate on the redox properties of cytochrome C and its kinetic and binding behaviour with cytochrome oxidase /

Increasing citrate concentration, at constant ionic strength (30 mM) decreases the rate of cytochrome ~ reduction by ascorbate. This effect is also seen at both high (600 mM) and low (19 mM) ionic strengths, and the Kapp for citrate increases with increasing ionic strength. Citrate binds d both ferri -and ferrocytochrome ~, but with a lower affinity for the latter form (Kox . .red d = 2 mM, Kd = 8 mM) as shown by an equilibrium assay with N,N,N',N', Tetramethyl E- phenylenediamine. The reaction of ferricytochrome ~with cyanide is also altered in the presence of citrate: citrate increases the K~PP for cyanide. Column chromatography of cytochrome ~-cytochrome oxidase mixtures shows citrate increases the dissociation constant of the complex. These results are confirmed in kinetic assays for the "loose"site (Km = 20 pM) only. The effect of increasing citrate observable at the "tight" site (Km = 0.25 pM) is on the turnover number and not on the K . These results suggest a mechanism m where anion binding to cytochrome £ at the tight site affects the equilibrium between two forms of cytochrome c bound cytochrome oxidase: an active and an inactive one.

Reconnaissance, respect et sollicitude : vers une analyse intégrée des exigences de la dignité humaine

La notion de dignité humaine déroute et attire les juristes. La décision récente de la Cour suprême du Canada dans l'affaire R. c. Kapp d'abolir le critère de l'atteinte à la dignité dans le cadre de l'analyse du droit à l'égalité a rappelé les périls qui guettent une analyse s'appuyant sur la dignité humaine. La richesse de ses significations est difficile à traduire dans une analyse qui ne soit pas purement subjective. La dignité humaine constitue pourtant la fondation sur laquelle sont érigés les droits et libertés de la personne ainsi qu'un guide indispensable dans leur interprétation. Prenant appui sur une typologie émergente de la dignité humaine, cet article vise l'élaboration d'un modèle d'analyse qui intégrerait les trois exigences de la dignité humaine : la reconnaissance, le respect et la sollicitude. Ces exigences reflètent les significations universelle et individuelle de même que les dimensions morale et corporelle de la dignité humaine. La considération simultanée des différentes exigences et significations de la dignité humaine rejoint l'approche préconisée par Emmanuel Kant et empêche d'avoir à choisir entre reconnaissance et redistribution. Une vision large et intégrée de la dignité humaine traduit la diversité des applications juridiques de la dignité humaine comme principe et comme droit et leur nécessaire imbrication. La combinaison des exigences de respect et de sollicitude requiert une attention aux réelles conditions sociales et économiques des êtres humains et une évaluation non condescendante des politiques sur les personnes vulnérables. L'attention à la réalité telle que vécue par la personne qui invoque une atteinte à sa dignité est nécessaire pour contrer à la fois la myopie d'une analyse formaliste ainsi que les écueils d'un concours de vulnérabilités auquel certains peuvent être tentés de se livrer.

Control of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia: knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and practices in Narok district of Kenya

CBPP is an important transboundary disease in sub-Saharan Africa whose control is urgent. Participatory data collection involving 52 focus group discussions in 37 village clusters and key informant interviews, a cross-sectional study involving 232 households and a post-vaccination follow up involving 203 households was carried out in 2006-2007 in Narok South district of Kenya. This was to investigate knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and practices (KAPP) associated with control of CBPP as well as the adverse post-vaccination reactions in animals in order to advice the control policy. The community perceived trans-boundary CBPP threat to their cattle. They had traditional disease coping mechanisms and were conversant with CBPP prevention and control with 49.8% (95%CI: 42.8-56.7%) giving priority to CBPP control. However, 12.9% (95%CI: 9.0-18.1%) of pastoralists had no knowledge of any prevention method and 10.0% (95%CI: 6.5-14.7%) would not know what to do or would do nothing in the event of an outbreak. Although 43.5% (95%CI: 37.1-50.2%) of pastoralists were treating CBPP cases with antimicrobials, 62.5% (95%CI: 52.1-71.7%) of them doubted the effectiveness of the treatments. Pastoralists perceived vaccination to be the solution to CBPP but vaccination was irregular due to unavailability of the vaccine. Vaccination was mainly to control outbreaks rather than preventive and exhibited adverse post-vaccination reactions among 70.4% (95%CI: 63.6-76.5%) of herds and 3.8% (95%CI: 3.5-4.2%) of animals. Consequently, nearly 25.2% (95%CI: 18.5-33.2%) of pastoralists may resist subsequent vaccinations against CBPP. Pastoralists preferred CBPP vaccination at certain times of the year and that it is combined with other vaccinations. In conclusion, pastoralists were not fully aware of the preventive measures and interventions and post-vaccination reactions may discourage subsequent CBPP vaccinations. Consequently there is need for monitoring and management of post vaccination reactions and awareness creation on CBPP prevention and interventions and their merits and demerits. CBPP vaccine was largely unavailable to the pastoralists and the preference of the pastoralists was for vaccination at specified times and vaccine combinations which makes it necessary to avail the vaccine in conformity with the pastoralists preferences. In addition, planning vaccinations should involve pastoralists and neighbouring countries. As the results cannot be generalized, further studies on CBPP control methods and their effectiveness are recommended.

The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector is described. The detector operates at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. It was conceived to study proton-proton (and lead-lead) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 14 TeV (5.5 TeV nucleon-nucleon) and at luminosities up to 10(34)cm(-2)s(-1) (10(27)cm(-2)s(-1)). At the core of the CMS detector sits a high-magnetic-field and large-bore superconducting solenoid surrounding an all-silicon pixel and strip tracker, a lead-tungstate scintillating-crystals electromagnetic calorimeter, and a brass-scintillator sampling hadron calorimeter. The iron yoke of the flux-return is instrumented with four stations of muon detectors covering most of the 4 pi solid angle. Forward sampling calorimeters extend the pseudo-rapidity coverage to high values (vertical bar eta vertical bar <= 5) assuring very good hermeticity. The overall dimensions of the CMS detector are a length of 21.6 m, a diameter of 14.6 m and a total weight of 12500 t.

Relações entre tempo e evidencialidade nas línguas indígenas do Brasil: um estudo tipológico-funcional

Pós-graduação em Estudos Linguísticos - IBILCE