Rotten Symbol Mongering: Scapegoating in Post-9/11 American War Literature

A rhetorical approach to the fiction of war offers an appropriate vehicle by which one may encounter and interrogate such literature and the cultural metanarratives that exist therein. My project is a critical analysis—one that relies heavily upon Kenneth Burke’s dramatistic method and his concepts of scapegoating, the comic corrective, and hierarchical psychosis—of three war novels published in 2012 (The Yellow Birds by Kevin Powers, FOBBIT by David Abrams, and Billy Lynn’s Long Halftime Walk by Ben Fountain). This analysis assumes a rhetorical screen in order to subvert and redirect the grand narratives the United States perpetuates in art form whenever it goes to war. Kenneth Burke’s concept of ad bellum purificandum (the purification of war) sought to bridge the gap between war experience and the discourse that it creates in both art and criticism. My work extends that project. I examine the symbolic incongruity of convenient symbols that migrate from war to war (“Geronimo” was used as code for Osama bin Laden’s death during the S.E.A.L team raid; “Indian Country” stands for any dangerous land in Iraq; hajji is this generation’s epithet for the enemy other). Such an examination can weaken our cultural “symbol mongering,” to borrow a phrase from Walker Percy. These three books, examined according to Burke’s methodology, exhibit a wide range of approaches to the soldier’s tale. Notably, however, whether they refigure the grand narratives of modern culture or recast the common redemptive war narrative into more complex representations, this examination shows how one can grasp, contend, and transcend the metanarrative of the typical, redemptive war story.

Alcances y limitaciones del tercer pilar de la doctrina de responsabilidad de proteger en la intervención militar de la crisis Libia (2011-2013)

El siguiente trabajo de investigación pretende analizar no solo la manera en la que la Intervención en la crisis Libia (2011-2013) se vio justificada a la luz de lo que establece la Doctrina de R2P, sino también investigar si logró cumplir con los objetivos de la misma. Con tal propósito, se evaluará si la intervención Militar Humanitaria por parte de la OTAN bajo la resolución 1973 del Consejo de Seguridad de la ONU, se justifica desde los objetivos que establece la Doctrina de Responsabilidad de Proteger y cumple parcialmente con los propósitos fundamentales de prevenir, reaccionar y reconstruir en la crisis Libia de 2011- 2013. El método que se utilizará para responder a la pregunta de este estudio de caso, será en su totalidad cualitativo, descriptivo y analítico. En lo que respecta a las fuentes, se usarán fuentes secundarias como artículos académicos y fuentes primarias provenientes de noticias de periódicos, revistas, resoluciones AG y del CS de la ONU.

Jus ecclesiasticum in epitomen redactum A. D. P. Benedicto Oberhauser,J. U. D. Reverendissimi ac Celsissimi S. R. I. principis ac Archiepiscpi Salisburgensis Consiliario Ecclessiastico, additis brevibus ss. patrum sententiis, aliisque ad novissimos mores, ac praxin spectantibus.

UANL

Supplementum in Corpus Juris Canonici sive In Jus Universum Ecclesiasticum : cum brevi commentario ad Decretum Gratiani /

Mode of access: Internet.

Apparatus eruditionis praesertim ad jurisprudentiam in quo praeter juris universalis principia jus naturae, gentium, divinum, apostolicum, et pontificium, jus synodale oecumenicum, nationale ac provinciale ... : methodo historico-dogmatica colliguntur ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Jus Canonicum ad libros V Decretalium Gregorii IX explicatum et per quaestiones, ac responsa in methodum brevem, [et] claram redactum /

Contiene: Liber I Decretalium Gregorii IX De judice ecclesiastico ... -- Liber II Decretalium Gregorii IX De judicis ... -- Liber III Decretalium Gregorii IX De clero saeculari et regulari ... -- Liber IV Decretalium Gregorii IX De sponsalibus et matrimonio ... -- Liber V Decretalium Gregorii IX De Delictis et poenis ...

Jus canonicum ad libro V Decretalium Gregorii IX explicatum ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Samuelis de Cocceii, Henr. Fil. ... Jus civile controversum : ubi illustriores juris controversiae breviter et succincte deciduntur, difficiliores materiae explicantur, objectiones solide solvuntur, et legum dissensus nova saepe ratione, ubi hactenus satisfactum non videtur, conciliantur : opus ad illustrationem compendii Lauterbachiani, cujus seriem quoque sequitur, compositum.

Part. I, t.I -- Part. II, t. I -- Part. I, t. II -- Part. II, t. II.

Apparatus eruditionis ad jurisprudentiam, praesertim ecclesiasticam, in quo Praeter Juris Universalis Principia, jus naturae, gentium, divinum, apostolicum, & pontificium, jus synodale oecumenicum nationale ac provinciale ... : methodo historico-dogmatica colliguntur,et brevi ac clara idea delineantur... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Jus civile abbreviatum redactum ad definitiones ... Institutionum seu elementorum Justiniani principis ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Jus canonicum practice explicatum seu Decisiones casuum ad singulos Decretalium Gregorii Papae IX Titulos ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

C. Crispi Sallustii, Bellum Catilinarium et Iugurthinum ad ultimam Wassii editionem diligenter castigata /

Mode of access: Internet.

Jus ecclesiasticum vniuersum brevi methodo ad discentium utilitatem explicatum, seu Lucubrationes canonicae in quinque libros decretalium Gregorii 9. pontificis maximi /

Contiene: Vol. 1: Tomus primus, pars prima (1843. XX, 457 p.) -- Vol. 2: Tomus primus, pars altera (1844. X, 491 p.) -- Vol. 3: Tomus secundus, pars prima (1844. VII, 525 p.) -- Vol. 4: Tomus secundus, pars altera (1844. VIII, 587 p.) -- Vol. 5: Tomus tertius, pars prima (1844. VII, 536 p.) -- Vol. 6: Tomus tertius, pars secunda (1844. IX, 734 p.) -- Vol. 7: Tomus tertius, pars tertia (1844. IX, 864 p.) -- Vol. 8: Tomus quartus, pars prima (1844. VII, 570 p.) -- Vol. 9: Tomus quartus, pars secunda (1845. VIII, 541 p.) -- Vol. 10: Tomus quintus, pars prima (1845. IX, 871 p.) -- Vol. 11: Tomus quintus, pars secunda (1845. VIII, 572 p.) -- Vol. 12: Ad jus ecclesiasticum universum indices universi primus titulorum alter rerum secundum ordinem decretalium postremus verborum (1845. 958 p.)

C. Iulii Caesaris Commentarii De Bello Gallico et Civili, eiusque Fragmenta, et alia quaecumque exstant : accedit ad Commentarii De Bello Gallico A. Hictii continuatio itemque eiusdem Bellum Alexandrimum, Africanum, et Hispaniense : omnia ex veteri Seminarii Patavini editione, cui adiectae sunt Christophori Cellarii adnotationes.

Mode of access: Internet.