Uma leitura de gênero nos contos "Prelúdio", "Na baía" e "A casa de bonecas", de Katherine Mansfield

This work aims to analyze the short stories “Prelude”, “At the Bay” and “The Doll’s House”, by Katherine Mansfield under the prism of the gender studies (mainly on the works of Joan Scott and Elisabeth Badinter). To reach such objective, and based on the feminist criticism works (especially those of Elaine Showalter and Toril Moi), we analyzed the three stories, which are from the writer’s so-called “family phase”. The present work contains a bibliographical contextualization of Mansfield’s modernist work under three main aspects: modernism, the short story and women’s writing/writings on women. From the analysis of the three short stories, we observed that questions of gender, representation and identity were depicted by means of the preponderance of female characters from all ages, marital statuses and classes. At the end it was possible to verify how Mansfield works contributed to a reflection about places and roles occupied by women in turn of the XIX and XX Centuries, whereas how this author was also in search for her own identity as a woman and as a writer, exactly in a context when women writers and women’s writings started to become more visible face to a predominantly masculine literary canon.

Scott A. Shane : winner of the Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research

Scott A. Shane is the 2009 winner of the Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research. In this article we discuss and analyze Shane’s most important contributions to the field of entrepreneurship. His contribution is extraordinarily broad in scope, which makes it difficult to pinpoint one or a few specifics that we associate with Shane’s scholarship. Instead, they can be summarized in the following three points. First, he has influenced what we view as central aspects of entrepreneurship. Shane has been a leading figure in redirecting the focus on entrepreneurship research itself. Second, he has influenced how we view entrepreneurship. Shane’s research is arguably theory driven and it applies and develops theoretical lenses that greatly improve our understanding of entrepreneurship. Third, he has contributed to how we conduct entrepreneurship research. Shane has been a forerunner in examining relevant units of analysis that are difficult to sample; research designs and databases specifically designed for studying entrepreneurial processes; and sophisticated analytical methods. This has contributed to advancing the methodological rigor of the field. Summing them up, the contributions are very impressive indeed.

Review of Collaboration and Interdisciplinarity in the Republic of Letters : Essays in Honour of Richard G. Maber, edited by Paul Scott.

This volume brings together a number of essays that seek to explore the nature of early modern scholarship, ostensibly with special regard to the themes of interdisciplinarity and collaboration. As one might expect, the essays thus cover a gamut of topics – political manoeuvring, philosophical debates, gift-giving and dramatic performance – and each study is important and useful in its own right. As a whole, however, this collection serves more as a starting point for an exploration of its themes, than as an authoritative overview of the subject at hand.

Integrated genomic characterization of endometrial carcinoma

We performed an integrated genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic characterization of 373 endometrial carcinomas using array- and sequencing-based technologies. Uterine serous tumours and ∼25% of high-grade endometrioid tumours had extensive copy number alterations, few DNA methylation changes, low oestrogen receptor/progesterone receptor levels, and frequent TP53 mutations. Most endometrioid tumours had few copy number alterations or TP53 mutations, but frequent mutations in PTEN, CTNNB1, PIK3CA, ARID1A and KRAS and novel mutations in the SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex gene ARID5B. A subset of endometrioid tumours that we identified had a markedly increased transversion mutation frequency and newly identified hotspot mutations in POLE. Our results classified endometrial cancers into four categories: POLE ultramutated, microsatellite instability hypermutated, copy-number low, and copy-number high. Uterine serous carcinomas share genomic features with ovarian serous and basal-like breast carcinomas. We demonstrated that the genomic features of endometrial carcinomas permit a reclassification that may affect post-surgical adjuvant treatment for women with aggressive tumours.

Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

Background The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution. Methods Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk–outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990–2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks at the first level of the hierarchy. The next level in the hierarchy includes nine clusters of related risks and two individual risks, with more detail provided at levels 3 and 4 of the hierarchy. Compared with GBD 2010, six new risk factors have been added: handwashing practices, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, childhood wasting, childhood stunting, unsafe sex, and low glomerular filtration rate. For most risks, data for exposure were synthesised with a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR 2.0, or spatial-temporal Gaussian process regression. Relative risks were based on meta-regressions of published cohort and intervention studies. Attributable burden for clusters of risks and all risks combined took into account evidence on the mediation of some risks such as high body-mass index (BMI) through other risks such as high systolic blood pressure and high cholesterol. Findings All risks combined account for 57·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 55·8–58·5) of deaths and 41·6% (40·1–43·0) of DALYs. Risks quantified account for 87·9% (86·5–89·3) of cardiovascular disease DALYs, ranging to a low of 0% for neonatal disorders and neglected tropical diseases and malaria. In terms of global DALYs in 2013, six risks or clusters of risks each caused more than 5% of DALYs: dietary risks accounting for 11·3 million deaths and 241·4 million DALYs, high systolic blood pressure for 10·4 million deaths and 208·1 million DALYs, child and maternal malnutrition for 1·7 million deaths and 176·9 million DALYs, tobacco smoke for 6·1 million deaths and 143·5 million DALYs, air pollution for 5·5 million deaths and 141·5 million DALYs, and high BMI for 4·4 million deaths and 134·0 million DALYs. Risk factor patterns vary across regions and countries and with time. In sub-Saharan Africa, the leading risk factors are child and maternal malnutrition, unsafe sex, and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing. In women, in nearly all countries in the Americas, north Africa, and the Middle East, and in many other high-income countries, high BMI is the leading risk factor, with high systolic blood pressure as the leading risk in most of Central and Eastern Europe and south and east Asia. For men, high systolic blood pressure or tobacco use are the leading risks in nearly all high-income countries, in north Africa and the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. For men and women, unsafe sex is the leading risk in a corridor from Kenya to South Africa. Interpretation Behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks can explain half of global mortality and more than one-third of global DALYs providing many opportunities for prevention. Of the larger risks, the attributable burden of high BMI has increased in the past 23 years. In view of the prominence of behavioural risk factors, behavioural and social science research on interventions for these risks should be strengthened. Many prevention and primary care policy options are available now to act on key risks.

Portrait of Ralph and Joan Grahme with Ralph's sister Ilse Schuster nee Gottschalk and her husband James at restaurant "Old Vienna"; London, England.

Left to right: Ralph Grahme, Joan Grahme, Ilse Schuster nee Gottschalk, and James Schuster;

Wedding portrait of Ralph Grahme and Joan Traylan.

Digital Image

Wedding portrait of Freddy Gottschalk and Barbara Joan Doble with guests; Welwyn Garden City, England.

Portrait includes a number of family members who were able to get to England before the war and who chose to remain there.

Portrait of Ralph and Joan Grahme with Ralph's sister Ilse Schuster nee Gottschalk and her husband James at restaurant "Old Vienna"; London, England.

Left to right: Ralph Grahme, Joan Grahme, Ilse Schuster nee Gottschalk, and James Schuster;

Wedding portrait of Ralph Grahme and Joan Traylan.

Digital Image

Wedding portrait of Freddy Gottschalk and Barbara Joan Doble with guests; Welwyn Garden City, England.

Portrait includes a number of family members who were able to get to England before the war and who chose to remain there.

Comportamiento de tres cultivares clonales de quequisque (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Scott) en la Comunidad de la Poma, Masaya, postrera 99-00

El objetivo del presente estudio fue el determinar el rendimiento y adaptabilidad de tres cultivares clonales de quequisque Masaya (MY), Nueva Guinea (NG) y Apalí (AP), en la comunidad de La Poma, Masaya establecidas en época de postrera. El ensayo se estableció siguiendo arreglo del diseño de bloque completos al azar, unifactorial, con tres tratamientos y tres bloques. La parcela experimental estuvo conformada de 4 surcos de 13 m y l m de separación entre ellos, para un área de 52 m2 En cada surco se establecieron 22 plantas y una separación de 0. 6 m entre las mismas, para un total de 88 plantas por parcela, 264 por bloque y 792 totales en el ensayo. La parcela útil la conformaron los 2 surcos centrales sin incluir las primeras 5 plantas, para un total de 20 plantas evaluadas. El área del bloque fue de 156 m y el área total del ensayo de 468 m . Las variables evaluadas fueron: las morfológicas (altura de planta en cm, número de hojas, grosor del seudotallo en cm2, área foliar en cm2 y número de hijos), los componentes del rendimiento (peso promedio por cormelo en g, peso promedio de cormelos por planta en g, dimensión de cormelo en cm2 y número de cormelos); los eventos morfológicos (velocidad de brotación y ahijamiento, momento de cosecha), incidencia de enfermedades virales, fungosas y bacterianas y el efecto del DMV sobre el rendimiento. El análisis de varianza realizado a las variables morfológicas indica que: los 3 genotipos presentaron valores estadísticamente similares en las variables altura de planta, grosor del seudotallo, número de hojas y área foliar al menos en las 6 primeras evaluaciones, únicamente en variable número de hijos el clon NG obtuvo resultados estadísticamente superiores a los otros dones en estudio. El ANDEVA de los datos de los componentes del rendimiento señala que no hubo diferencias estadísticas entre los cultivares en cuanto a peso de los cormelos por planta: NG (75.26 qq/mz), AP (53,67 qq/mz) y MY (64.98 qq/mz)y dimensiones del cormelo; sin embargo, el número de cormelos por planta las plantas NG reportaron valores promedios superiores estadísticamente a los reportados por el clon MY (2.94) y AP (3. 28). El peso promedio de los cormos fue superior estadísticamente en el don MY (79.16 g) con relación a los reportados por NG (58.35g) y AP (79. 16 g). Se realizó un primer test de ELISA a las muestras de hojas de plantas que presentaban los síntomas, se encontró un 96 % de incidencia del DMV en las muestras . Considerando el total de plantas por cultivar en el ensayo, la mayor incidencia la presentó el clon NG con 47 %. Tres conteos visuales posteriores indican que los valores de plantas que presentan los síntomas. varían en cada fecha de evaluación encontrándose el cv. Apalí con los mayores valores de infección. Los conteos visuales de los síntomas de la bacteria Xanthomona campestris (Pammel) Dowson registran los mayores valores al cultivar AP con valores de 6 %, seguido del cultivar NG con 3.33% y MY con 1.66% a los 150 dds y un leve incremento a los 210 dds de 8. 33% para el AP y 5 % para los cultivares NG y MY. Los conteos visuales de los síntomas de Collectrotichum Kloesporioides (Penz) indican que los valores de reportados a los 150 dds redujeron a los 210 dds en todos los genotipos. En el caso del cultivar NG de 13.33 % en la primera fecha a 5% en la segunda, de 10 a 3.33% en el cultivar AP, y de 13.33 a 6.66% en el caso del clon MY.

Joan Robinson Was Almost Right: Output under Third-Degree Price Discrimination

In this paper, we show that in order for third-degree price discrimination to increase total output, the demands of the strong markets should be, as conjectured by Robinson (1933), more concave than the demands of the weak markets. By making the distinction between adjusted concavity of the inverse demand and adjusted concavity of the direct demand, we are able to state necessary conditions and sufficient conditions for third-degree price discrimination to increase total output.

80 C 146 U.S. Aeroplane carrier "Saratoga" and French cruiser "Joan D'Arc" in Pedro Miguel Lock - Panama Canal - 2/7/28

Leonard Carpenter Panama Canal Collection. Photographs: Views of Panama and the Canal. [Box 1] from the Special Collections & Area Studies Department, George A. Smathers Libraries, University of Florida.

The identification of British adult specimens of Sigara lateralis (Leach), Sigara concinna (Fieber), Callicorixa praeusta (Fieber) and Callicorixa wollastoni (Douglas & Scott) (Hemiptera Heteroptera: Corixidae)

The aim of this communication is to briefly review nomenclature in the genus Callicorixa, describe the variation in the dark markings on the posterior legs of all four species, describe alternative diagnostic features, and provide a key to identification based on these alternative features. Attention is also drawn to a small error in FBA Scientific Publication 50 (Adults of the British aquatic Hemiptera Heteroptera: a key with ecological notes).