Ethnic Identity and School Ambition : the Case of Second Generation Youth from a Latin-American Background in Montreal

Ce m��moire propose d�����tudier l���articulation entre l���identit�� ethnique (�� l���adolescence) et l���ambition scolaire ��� ici d��finie comme l���ensemble des motivations, des moyens de pers��v��rance et du niveau scolaire ��� notamment �� travers les concepts d���assimilation et de la r��sistance culturelle (McAndrew 2008). Nous nous int��ressons aux jeunes issus de l���immigration latino-am��ricaine �� Montr��al. Il s���agit d���une analyse qualitative, plus pr��cis��ment d���analyse de discours qui nous a permis de comprendre comment leurs exp��riences et leurs repr��sentations des Latinos et des Qu��b��cois influencent leur identification ethnique ainsi que leurs perceptions et d��cisions en milieu scolaire. Les r��sultats de cette ��tude d��montrent que l���identification ethnique, en corr��lation avec le statut socio-��conomique et le genre, semble ��tre li��e �� l���ambition scolaire. Malgr�� une certaine confirmation de la relation classique entre statut socio-��conomique et niveau de scolarit��, les discours des participants ont permis de faire ressortir une particularit�� ethnique susceptible de contribuer �� expliquer le choix de continuer aux ��tudes sup��rieures. Cet impact est plus important chez les jeunes femmes de notre ��chantillon; celles avec le niveau de scolarit�� le moins ��lev��, ont un statut socio-��conomique moindre et s���identifient davantage �� la culture latino, en contraste avec celles les plus ��duqu��es ayant aussi un statut socio-��conomique sup��rieur et qui s���identifiaient davantage �� la culture qu��b��coise.

Discursos interculturales y pr��cticas asimilacionistas: algunas contradicciones en el sistema educativo espa��ol

En este art��culo se analiza el grado de coherencia entre el discurso legal, te��rico y formal acerca de la gesti��n de la diversidad y la realidad de las pr��cticas pedag��gicas en las instituciones educativas formales. Con este fin se aborda una revisi��n te��rica de las distintas leyes educativas, de los discursos del profesorado y de las pr��cticas pedag��gicas a partir de investigaciones precedentes. El principal resultado apunta a la existencia de algunas contradicciones: el concepto de asimilaci��n cultural al mismo tiempo que se desprecia, tanto en la legislaci��n educativa como en el discurso expl��cito y consciente del profesorado, acaba siendo el adoptado en la mayor��a de las pr��cticas educativas. Este hallazgo conduce a algunas conclusiones respecto a la necesidad de repensar y redefinir el concepto de asimilaci��n cultural desde la perspectiva de la igualdad y de una concepci��n cr��tica de la etnicidad y de la identidad.

A Matriz Filos��fica do Presbiterianismo no Brasil

Os mission��rios protestantes presbiterianos que vieram para o Brasil no in��cio da segunda metade do s��culo XIX trouxeram uma interpreta����o calvinista da b��blia, pois permaneceram fieis �� forma����o princetoniana que efetivou uma s��ntese entre ortodoxia calvinista e pietismo. Estes pricetonianos tinham como base epistemol��gica a filosofia de Thomas Reid, conhecida como o Realismo do Senso Comum. Essa filosofia �� utilizada como uma epistemologia reformada, ou calvinista. Ela �� compreendida em sua forma����o escocesa e consequentemente americana, via Princeton, como a Epistemologia Providencial. Desta forma, quando ela �� assimilada pelos brasileiros por meio da prega����o e da forma����o teol��gica, a mesma se torna parte do perfil presbiteriano brasileiro como doutrina filos��fica. A Filosofia do Senso Comum se gesta como cr��tica �� filosofia empirista de David Hume que, para Reid, convergiria para um poss��vel aniquilamento da religi��o e para uma vis��o pessimista da ci��ncia, afetando o empirismo, por conseguinte, causando uma nova formula����o mais pr��xima do ceticismo. Por isso, Reid formulou a filosofia que para ele contrap��e-se a Locke e Berkeley e depois a David Hume, afirmando que a realidade �� independente de nossa apreens��o. Ou seja, na percep����o do mundo exterior n��o h�� interfer��ncia do sujeito cognoscente sobre o objeto do conhecimento. A nossa rela����o com os objetos �� direta e n��o deve ser desvirtuada por intermedia����es. Na implanta����o do protestantismo no Brasil, via mission��rios de Princeton, n��o houve uma defesa intransigente dos princ��pios calvinistas por parte de mission��rios como Fletcher e Simonton e sim uma continuidade da leitura das escrituras sagradas pelo vi��s calvinista, como era feito no Semin��rio de Princeton. N��o havia uma ��nfase acentuada na defesa da ortodoxia porque o tema do liberalismo teol��gico, ou do conflito entre modernismo e fundamentalismo n��o se fazia necess��rio na conjuntura local, onde predominava a preocupa����o pela evangeliza����o em termos pr��ticos. O conceitos da Filosofia do Senso Comum eram pr��ximos do empirismo mitigado de Silvestre Pinheiro e do Ecletismo de Victor Cousin. Por isso, no Brasil, o local em que mais se v�� a utiliza����o da filosofia do Senso Comum �� nos debates entre intelectuais, em tr��s pontos interessantes: 1��) O Senso Comum ficou restrito ao espa��o acad��mico, na forma����o de novos pastores, sendo que as obras de Charles Hodge e A. A. Hodge s��o as principais fontes de implanta����o desta mentalidade ratificadora da experi��ncia religiosa e, desta forma, delineiam o rosto do protestantismo entre presbiterianos, uma das principais denomina����es protestantes do final do s��culo XIX; 2��) Nos debates entre cl��rigos cat��licos e protestantes em pol��micas teol��gicas;. 3��) No aproveitamento utilitarista da assimila����o cultural estrangeira pelos protestantes nacionais, n��o por ��ltimo, facilitada pela simpatia dos liberais brasileiros pelo protestantismo, ao mesmo tempo que mantinham uma linha filos��fica mais pr��xima do empirismo mitigado e do ecletismo. Assim, nossa hip��tese pretende demonstrar que os protestantes trouxeram em seu bojo as formula����es epistemol��gicas que foram passadas para um grupo de intelectuais, que formaram o quadro dos primeiros pastores presbiterianos da hist��ria desta denomina����o. Eles foram convertidos e assimilaram melhor as novas doutrinas por meio de mais do que simples prega����es, mas pela sua forma filos��fica de encarar os objetos estudados, e que tais informa����es v��m por meio da base epistemol��gica do Realismo do Senso Comum, que encontra espa��o nos ideais republicanos brasileiros do s��culo XIX.

O PROCESSO EDUCACIONAL DA CULTURA IND��GENA TICUNA NA REGI��O DO ALTO SOLIM��ES

Esse trabalho busca analisar o sistema educacional na tribo Ticuna, localizada na regi��o do Alto Solim��es, estado do Amazonas, onde estou h�� 21 anos em contato permanente com os ��ndios Ticuna. Com o passar dos anos tenho observado que a cada dia, e de forma mais intensa, a manuten����o de sua cultura vem sofrendo com o processo de influ��ncia da cultura n��o ��ndia. Nesse trabalho realiza-se um levantamento hist��rico referente �� poss��vel exist��ncia de duas correntes educacionais entre os professores Ticuna. Uma considera importante um ensino bil��ngue, o estudo dos mitos e costumes para preserva����o da cultura; a outra acredita que �� in��cuo estudar os mitos e outros aspectos culturais, que podem ser apreendidos no dia a dia, defendem que os ��ndios precisam de uma educa����o igual a dos n��o ind��genas, para competir no mercado em condi����es de igualdade. Inicialmente prop��e-se uma busca hist��rica sobre o processo educacional relacionado �� cultura Ticuna fora da escola, procurando verificar as rela����es entre o que �� transmitido pela escola e o que se evidencia no cotidiano Ticuna. Em seguida, realiza-se uma an��lise de como se processa a educa����o implantada no meio Ticuna sob o t��tulo Educa����o Ind��gena . Destacam-se os fatores que influenciaram a funda����o da escola, sua localiza����o e aspectos relacionados ao meio f��sico, econ��mico, social e cultural, bem como, o ambiente humano e de aprendizagem, dados esses que subsidiam o objetivo proposto para este trabalho. Procura-se verificar se a educa����o desenvolvida na escola ind��gena cumpre o papel de estar constantemente buscando alternativas para uma educa����o que seja apropriada �� sobreviv��ncia da cultura Ticuna, uma educa����o adequada �� realidade cultural. A pesquisa baseia-se em levantamento de dados atrav��s de documentos, como tamb��m em entrevistas com lideran��as, professores e idosos da Tribo Ticuna; tamb��m na observa����o direta, com anota����es feitas em caderno de campo. O processo de assimila����o e influ��ncia da cultura n��o ��ndia predomina na regi��o do Alto Solim��es e tem esmagado a cultura Ticuna, fazendo com que muitos j�� n��o queiram mais pescar, ca��ar ou viver como produtores ou coletores. �� necess��rio buscar alternativas educacionais para a escola ind��gena Ticuna, em uma educa����o que seja apropriada para a sobreviv��ncia de sua cultura e ao mesmo tempo minimize o preconceito enfrentado por esse povo. As lideran��as e professores Ticuna esperam que a escola ajude na preserva����o e valoriza����o de sua cultura. O preju��zo causado �� educa����o cultural dos ��ndios Ticuna �� grande, a maioria dos jovens e crian��as n��o s��o conhecedores dos significados dos rituais religiosos, mitos, lendas e cren��as. Muitas vezes sabem at�� realizar o ritual, mas parece mais uma imita����o de gestos, que se desvincula do seu real sentido. Espera-se que ao final dessa pesquisa sejamos capazes de utilizar o material desenvolvido para reflex��o e que ela talvez possa servir como ponto de partida para os professores Ticuna na elabora����o de diretrizes e desenvolvimento de um novo paradigma educacional que valorize mais a cultura.

On the Threshold of Paradise and Present: Memory in Contemporary Cuban ��� American Literature

The exile leaving his or her homeland for new and unknown territory travels with much more than just luggage and the clothes on his or her back. He or she carries a weighty collection of memories. Available for the exile in times when the harmony of the past is far removed from the difficult circumstances present during the process of cultural assimilation, these memories present an opportunity for the exile to fashion for him or herself an identity that mimics the realities of life in the home left behind. In this creative endeavor, I seek to examine the powerful potential of memory as it is exercised by a collection of Cubans and Cuban-Americans in different corners of the United States. Analyzing Achy Obejas��� Memory Mambo, Cristina Garc��a���s Dreaming in Cuban, Ana Men��ndez���s In Cuba I Was a German Shepherd, and El��as Miguel Mu��oz���s Brand New Memory, I aim to trace the suggestive potential of memory as it is used by each of the characters in these works in an effort to reconcile their Cuban identities with the ones that are in the process of creation in the U.S. I will borrow from a collection of literature dealing with identity and exile, relevant graduate-level theses on Cuban-American literature, as well as theoretical perspectives on memory formation and nostalgia in order to trace the various ways in which memory is relied on in the process of cultural assimilation and emotional coping. Being presented in Miami, which hosts the largest concentration of Cuban immigrants, this thesis aims to present itself as a reflective tool for Cubans and Cuban-Americans who may find value in seeing their personal sentiments portrayed in literature, thus allowing for a potential reevaluation of identity. If the existing literature on my topic of analysis reveals anything, it is that the scope of my project is one that has not been inspected previously, thus making my analytical contribution a new one that will add a new interpretive set of lens through which readers of contemporary Cuban-American literature can examine the works.

On the Threshold of Paradise and Present: Memory in Contemporary Cuban���American Literature

The exile leaving his or her homeland for new and unknown territory travels with much more than just luggage and the clothes on his or her back. He or she carries a weighty collection of memories. Available for the exile in times when the harmony of the past is far removed from the difficult circumstances present during the process of cultural assimilation, these memories present an opportunity for the exile to fashion for him or herself an identity that mimics the realities of life in the home left behind. In this creative endeavor, I seek to examine the powerful potential of memory as it is exercised by a collection of Cubans and Cuban-Americans in different corners of the United States. Analyzing Achy Obejas��� Memory Mambo, Cristina Garc��a���s Dreaming in Cuban, Ana Men��ndez���s In Cuba I Was a German Shepherd, and El��as Miguel Mu��oz���s Brand New Memory, I aim to trace the suggestive potential of memory as it is used by each of the characters in these works in an effort to reconcile their Cuban identities with the ones that are in the process of creation in the U.S. I will borrow from a collection of literature dealing with identity and exile, relevant graduate-level theses on Cuban-American literature, as well as theoretical perspectives on memory formation and nostalgia in order to trace the various ways in which memory is relied on in the process of cultural assimilation and emotional coping. Being presented in Miami, which hosts the largest concentration of Cuban immigrants, this thesis aims to present itself as a reflective tool for Cubans and Cuban-Americans who may find value in seeing their personal sentiments portrayed in literature, thus allowing for a potential reevaluation of identity. If the existing literature on my topic of analysis reveals anything, it is that the scope of my project is one that has not been inspected previously, thus making my analytical contribution a new one that will add a new interpretive set of lens through which readers of contemporary Cuban-American literature can examine the works.

The Long Aftermath: Cultural Legacies of Europe at War, 1936-2016

In its totality, the ���Long Second World War������extending from the beginning of the Spanish Civil War to the end of hostilities in 1945���has exerted enormous influence over European culture. Bringing together leading historians, sociologists, and literary and film scholars, this broadly interdisciplinary volume investigates Europeans��� individual and collective memories and the ways in which they have shaped the continent���s cultural heritage. Focusing on the major combatant nations���Spain, Britain, France, Italy, Germany, Poland, and Russia���it offers thoroughly contextualized explorations of novels, memoirs, films, and a host of other cultural forms to illuminate European public memory.

A Social Institutionalist Perspective on HR Diffusion: Histrorical and Cultural Receptivity to HRM in a Post-Comminist Context

This research considers cross-national diffusion of international human resource management (IHRM) ideas and practices by applying an emergent frame of sociological conceptualisation ��� ���social institutionalism��� (SI). We look at cultural filters to patterns of diffusion, assimilation and adoption of IHRM, using Romania as a case study. The paper considers the former Communist system of employment relations, suggesting that through institutionalisation former ways of thinking continued to influence definitions and practice of people management in post-Communist Eastern Europe. The paper provides a new perspective on HRM by discussing the value of SI as a general model for understanding cross-cultural receptivity to HR ideas, sensitising the HR practitioner and academic to institutionalised culture as a historical legacy influencing receptivity to international management ideas.

Terahertz analysis of stratified wall plaster at buildings of cultural importance across Europe

Terahertz (THz) radiation is being developed as a tool for the analysis of cultural heritage, and due to recent advances in technology is now available commercially in systems which can be deployed for field analysis. The radiation is capable of penetrating up to one centimetre of wall plaster and is delivered in ultrafast pulses which are reflected from layers within this region. The technique is non-contact, non-invasive and non-destructive. While sub-surface radar is able to penetrate over a metre of wall plaster, producing details of internal structures, infrared and ultraviolet techniques produce information about the surface layers of wall plaster. THz radiation is able to provide information about the interim region of up to approximately one centimetre into the wall surface. Data from Chartres Cathedral, France, Riga Dome Cathedral, Latvia, and Chartreuse du Val de B��n��diction, France is presented each with different research questions. The presence of sub-surface paint layers was expected from documentary evidence, dating to the 13th Century, at Chartres Cathedral. In contrast, at the Riga Dome Cathedral surface painting had been obscured as recently as 1941 during the Russian occupation of Latvia using white lead-based paint. In the 13th Century, wall paintings at the Chapel of the Frescos, Chartreuse du Val de Benediction in Villeneuve les Avignon were constructed using sinopia under-painting on plaster covering uneven stonework.. This paper compares and contrasts the ability of THz radiation to provide information about sub-surface features in churches and Cathedrals across Europe by analysing depth based profiles gained from the reflected signal. �� (2013) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).