Professora ou Tia? A polêmica formação do professor do primeiro segmento do Ensino Fundamental

Investigar a percepção que os professores das séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental dacidade do Rio de Janeiro têm sobre a importância de sua formação para o desenvolvimentodas futuras gerações foi o objetivo desta pesquisa acadêmica. Muito se tem falado nosúltimos tempos sobre a necessidade de mudança na formação de professores. Na segundametade do século XX, a sociedade brasileira assistiu a transformações constantes ocorridasem seus diferentes setores, alguns dos quais historicamente co-responsáveis, junto com aescola, pelo desenvolvimento educacional a família e a Igreja. A sociedade foi tambémtestemunha do avanço das novas tecnologias, principalmente as da comunicação e dainformação que fizeram da mídia outro setor de fundamental importância para a educaçãode crianças e jovens. São mudanças que obrigam a um novo paradigma de professor,detentor de competências diferenciadas para o eficaz desenvolvimento do fazer docente. Natentativa de atingir o objetivo proposto desenvolvemos três capítulos. O primeiro focouprincipalmente a base teórica, que teve como maior sustentação as idéias de PierreBourdieu sobre o capital cultural. No segundo capítulo foi empreendida uma revisão datrajetória da representação social do professor, por meio de um levantamento da história eda legislação voltada para a formação desse profissional, procurando chamar atenção paraas exigências atuais percebidas por Edgar Morin, Jacques Delors e Philippe Perrenoud. Noúltimo capítulo foi apresentada a pesquisa feita com professores da rede oficial da cidadedo Rio de Janeiro, não perdendo de foco as teorias estudadas.

O avesso da lógica: aspectos da relação ensino aprendizagem na escola Tia Ciata

Este estudo tem por objetivo levantar algumas explicações para o fracasso escolar de uma parcela definida de alunos das escolas pGblicas Ao Rio de Janeiro. São ana lisadas, através de uma abordagem transdisciplinar, situa- çoes de sala de aula onde o material básico é o diálogo tr~ vado entre professores e estud~ntes da Escola Tia Ciata. Buscou-se, nas falas dos sujeitos, a possibilidade de uma relação dialógica. A Escola Tia Ciata reunia características singul~ res, tanto com relação à sua clientela, quanto à metodologia adotada. Ela teria como meta atender a meninos recusa dos por outras escolas da Rede Oficial de ensino, ou por terem ultrapassado a idade fixada como limite para a alfabetização, ou por terem mantido um comportamento classificado como inadequado aos padrões dessas instituições. Esses meninos carregam o estigma da J[~arginal i dade e são nomeados pela sociedade, "pivetes", "meninos de rua", "menores" , "favelados", etc. Os fundrunentos da pesquisa que informaram inicia! mente esta dissertação faziam parte da proposta pedagógica da escola: a procura da "interdisciplinariedade" dos conteGdos, através da pesquisa da história de vida dos alunos. Teve seus procedimentos discutidos pela equipe de coordenação até 1989. O grupo pesquisado constitui-se de 69 alunos, cog centrados na faixa etária de 12 a 18 anos e seus 7 respectivos professores. As conclusões decorrentes limitam-se ao contexto investigado. No entanto, poderão servir como subsídio a outras iniciativas semelhantes.

Differential antagonism by conotoxin p-TIA of contractions mediated by distinct alpha(1)-adrenoceptor subtypes in rat vas deferens, spleen and aorta

The ability of the conotoxin p-TIA, a 19-amino acid peptide isolated from the marine snail Conus tulipa, to antagonize contractions induced by noradrenaline through activation of alpha(1A)-adrenoceptors in rat vas deferens, alpha(1B)-adrenoceptors in rat spleen and alpha(ID)-adrenoceptors in rat aorta, and to inhibit the binding of [I-125]HEAT (2-[[beta-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]aminomethyl]-1-tetralone) to membranes of human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells expressing each of the recombinant rat alpha(1)-adrenoceptors was investigated. p-TIA (100 nM to 1 muM) antagonized the contractions of vas deferens and aorta in response to noradrenaline without affecting maximal effects and with similar potencies (pA(2)similar to7.2, n=4). This suggests that p-TIA is a competitive antagonist of alpha(1A)- and alpha(1D)-adrenoceptors with no selectivity between these subtypes. Incubation of p-TIA (30 to 300 nM) with rat spleen caused a significant reduction of the maximal response to noradrenaline, suggesting that p-TIA is a non-competitive antagonist at alpha(1B)-adrenoceptors. After receptor inactivation with phenoxybenzamine, the potency of p-TIA in inhibiting contractions was examined with similar occupancies (similar to25%) at each subtype. Its potency (pIC(50)) was 12 times higher in spleen (8.3 +/- 0.1, n=4) than in vas deferens (7.2 +/- 0.1, n=4) or aorta (7.2 0.1, n=4). In radioligand binding assays, p-TIA decreased the number of binding sites (B,,,,,,) in membranes from HEK293 cells expressing the rat alpha(1B)-adrenoceptors without affecting affinity (K-D), In contrast, in HEK293 cells expressing rat alpha(1A)- or alpha(1D)-adrenoceptors, p-TTA decreased the KD without affecting the B-max. It is concluded that p-TIA will be useful for distinguishing the role of particular alpha(1)-adrenoceptor subtypes in native tissues. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

[Management of transient ischemic attack (TIA) and acute stroke]

Patients with a transient ischemic attack and an acute stroke need urgent investigations and therapy in a stroke unit. Immediate investigation of the etiology and early secondary prevention measures reduce the likelihood of recurrent and other vascular events. In selected stroke patients intravenous thrombolysis and/or endovascular therapies lead to a significant reduction of long term disabilities.

Zurich Fabry study - prevalence of Fabry disease in young patients with first cryptogenic ischaemic stroke or TIA

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The etiology of stroke in young patients remains undetermined in up to half of the cases. Data on prevalence of Fabry disease (FD) in young people with cryptogenic ischaemic stroke are limited and controversial. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of unrecognized FD in a cohort of stroke patients at a tertiary stroke center. METHODS: Patients suffering from first cryptogenic ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) at the age of 18-55 years were screened for the presence of FD. We measured the serum activity of α-galactosidase (α-GAL) in all patients. In addition, sequencing of α-GAL gene was performed in men with low enzyme activity and in all women. RESULTS: Between January, 2006, and October, 2009, we recruited 150 patients (102 men, 48 women) with a mean age of 43 ± 9 years at symptom onset (135 ischaemic stroke, 15 TIA). The α-GAL activity was low in nine patients (6%; six men and three women). Genetic sequencing in six men with low enzyme activity and all 48 women detected no α-GAL gene mutation. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that the yield of screening for FD in patients with first cryptogenic ischaemic stroke or TIA is very low. Further large-scale studies are needed to investigate the importance of FD amongst patients with recurrent cryptogenic strokes.

Influenza vaccination and cardiovascular risk in patients with recent TIA and stroke

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether current influenza vaccination is associated with reduced risk of major vascular events in patients with recent ischemic stroke or TIA of mainly atherothrombotic origin. METHODS: Data were pooled from 2 prospective cohort studies, the OPTIC Registry (n = 3,635) and the AMISTAD Study (n = 618), and from the randomized PERFORM Trial (n = 19,120), all of which included patients with recent ischemic stroke or TIA. Influenza vaccination status was determined in 23,110 patients. The primary outcome was a composite of nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or vascular death up to 2 years. Secondary outcomes were myocardial infarction and stroke separately. RESULTS: Influenza vaccination had no association with the primary outcome in the propensity score-matched cohort (hazard ratio 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85-1.11; p = 0.67) or in the propensity score-adjusted cohort (hazard ratio 1.00, 95% CI 0.89-1.12; p = 0.99). Similarly, the risk of stroke and myocardial infarction did not differ between the vaccinated group and the unvaccinated group; in the matched cohort, the hazard ratio was 1.01 (95% CI 0.88-1.17; p = 0.89) for stroke and 0.84 (95% CI 0.59-1.18; p = 0.30) for myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS: Influenza vaccination was not associated with reduced outcome events in patients with recent atherothrombotic ischemic stroke after considering all baseline characteristics (including concomitant medications) associated with influenza vaccination.

Die Blutbeschuldigung von Tißa-Eßlar

beleuchtet von M. Kayserling

Die Menschenliebe, die Zivilisation und die Gerechtigkeit vom Standpunkte der jüngsten Vorgänge in Tißa-Eßlar aus betrachtet

von K. Lippe

Tißa-Eßlár in der Vergangenheit und Gegenwart : über die Juden im allgemeinen, jüdische Glaubens-Mysterien, rituelle Mordthaten u. Blutopfer, der Tißa-Eßlárer Fall

von Géza von Ónody. Autoris. Übers. aus d. Ungar. von Georg von Marczianyi