998 resultados para Ising Onsager transizioni fase ferromagnetismo dualita


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In a recent paper [Phys. Rev. B 50, 3477 (1994)], P. Fratzl and O. Penrose present the results of the Monte Carlo simulation of the spinodal decomposition problem (phase separation) using the vacancy dynamics mechanism. They observe that the t1/3 growth regime is reached faster than when using the standard Kawasaki dynamics. In this Comment we provide a simple explanation for the phenomenon based on the role of interface diffusion, which they claim is irrelevant for the observed behavior.

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Existem vários métodos de simulação para calcular as propriedades críticas de sistemas; neste trabalho utilizamos a dinâmica de tempos curtos, com o intuito de testar a eficiência desta técnica aplicando-a ao modelo de Ising com diluição de sítios. A Dinâmica de tempos curtos em combinação com o método de Monte Carlos verificou que mesmo longe do equilíbrio termodinâmico o sistema já se mostra insensível aos detalhes microscópicos das interações locais e portanto, o seu comportamento universal pode ser estudado ainda no regime de não-equilíbrio, evitando-se o problema do alentecimento crítico ( critical slowing down ) a que sistema em equilíbrio fica submetido quando está na temperatura crítica. O trabalho de Huse e Janssen mostrou um comportamento universal e uma lei de escala nos sistemas críticos fora do equilíbrio e identificou a existência de um novo expoente crítico dinâmico θ, associado ao comportamento anômalo da magnetização. Fazemos uima breve revisão das transições de fase e fenômeno críticos. Descrevemos o modelo de Ising, a técnica de Monte Carlo e por final, a dinâmica de tempos curtos. Aplicamos a dinâmica de tempos curtos para o modelo de Insing ferromagnéticos em uma rede quadrada com diluição de sítios. Calculamos o expoente dinâmicos θ e z, onde verificamos que existe quebra de classe de universilidade com relação às diferentes concentrações de sítios (p=0.70,0.75,0.80,0.85,0.90,0.95,1.00). calculamos também os expoentes estáticos β e v, onde encontramos pequenas variações com a desordem. Finalmente, apresentamos nossas conclusões e possíveis extensões deste trabalho

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In this work we have studied, by Monte Carlo computer simulation, several properties that characterize the damage spreading in the Ising model, defined in Bravais lattices (the square and the triangular lattices) and in the Sierpinski Gasket. First, we investigated the antiferromagnetic model in the triangular lattice with uniform magnetic field, by Glauber dynamics; The chaotic-frozen critical frontier that we obtained coincides , within error bars, with the paramegnetic-ferromagnetic frontier of the static transition. Using heat-bath dynamics, we have studied the ferromagnetic model in the Sierpinski Gasket: We have shown that there are two times that characterize the relaxation of the damage: One of them satisfy the generalized scaling theory proposed by Henley (critical exponent z~A/T for low temperatures). On the other hand, the other time does not obey any of the known scaling theories. Finally, we have used methods of time series analysis to study in Glauber dynamics, the damage in the ferromagnetic Ising model on a square lattice. We have obtained a Hurst exponent with value 0.5 in high temperatures and that grows to 1, close to the temperature TD, that separates the chaotic and the frozen phases

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The new technique for automatic search of the order parameters and critical properties is applied to several well-know physical systems, testing the efficiency of such a procedure, in order to apply it for complex systems in general. The automatic-search method is combined with Monte Carlo simulations, which makes use of a given dynamical rule for the time evolution of the system. In the problems inves¬tigated, the Metropolis and Glauber dynamics produced essentially equivalent results. We present a brief introduction to critical phenomena and phase transitions. We describe the automatic-search method and discuss some previous works, where the method has been applied successfully. We apply the method for the ferromagnetic fsing model, computing the critical fron¬tiers and the magnetization exponent (3 for several geometric lattices. We also apply the method for the site-diluted ferromagnetic Ising model on a square lattice, computing its critical frontier, as well as the magnetization exponent f3 and the susceptibility exponent 7. We verify that the universality class of the system remains unchanged when the site dilution is introduced. We study the problem of long-range bond percolation in a diluted linear chain and discuss the non-extensivity questions inherent to long-range-interaction systems. Finally we present our conclusions and possible extensions of this work

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

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Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais - FC

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Pós-graduação em Física - IFT

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I materiali per applicazioni fotovoltaiche hanno destato un interesse crescente nella comunità scienti�ca negli ultimi decenni. Le celle HIT (Het- erojunction Intrinsic Thin Layer ) sono dispositivi di ultima generazione che hanno raggiunto e�cienza elevata mantenendo bassi i costi di pro- duzione, e impiegano silicio amorfo (a-Si) come strato emettitore per il suo buon assorbimento della luce e silicio cristallino come regione attiva. La struttura amorfa del silicio presenta però una bassa conducibilità, oltre ad e�etti di degradazione che limitano considerevolmente la durevolezza di una cella. Per questo motivo si stanno cercando possibili alternative al silicio amorfo, in particolare strutture multifase e composti di silicio, ossigeno ed azoto. In questo lavoro sono esposti i risultati dell'analisi di sottili lay- er di Silicon Oxynitride ossigenato (SiOx Ny :H), in forma microcristallina, deposti tramite PECVD (P lasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) su vetro presso l'università di Costanza. La forma microcristallina è una distribuzione di agglomerati cristallini dell'ordine di grandezza di un mi- crometro in una matrice di silicio amorfo, e attualmente le sue proprietà ottiche ed elettroniche non sono ancora state studiate in maniera appro- fondita. Nonostante ciò, è invece evidente che la fase microstallina non presenta tanti difetti intrinseci come la forma amorfa e ne è quindi una val- ida alternativa. In questa ottica, si è svolto uno studio sperimentale delle proprietà ottiche di layers in forma microcristallina di SiOx Ny :H, quali la misura del gap energetico. I risultati sperimentali, volti a trovare la dipen- denza delle caratteristiche dai parametri di deposizione dei layers, hanno mostrato una riduzione del gap energetico con la concentrazione di N2 O, uno dei gas precursori utilizzati nella deposizione dei layers in camera di processo. In conclusione si può dire che il μc−SiOx Ny :H ha le buone carat- teristiche tipiche dei semiconduttori cristallini, che unite alla possibilità di regolare il valore del gap energetico in base alle scelte in fase di deposizione, gli conferisce buone prospettive per applicazioni in celle fotovoltaiche, come emettitore in celle ad eterogiunzione.

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This paper presents an easy and practical procedure to obtain silica-based C-8 type sorbents for use in solid-phase extraction. The materials are prepared by depositing poly(methyloctylsiloxane), PMOS, on the silica support. Two different treatments for immobilization were used: thermal treatment or gamma irradiation. Suitable recoveries were obtained after pre-concentration of dilute solutions, at the ng/L level, of a mixture of pesticides, indicating the good performance of the materials.

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Glass-ceramics are prepared by controlled separation of crystal phases in glasses, leading to uniform and dense grain structures. On the other hand, chemical leaching of soluble crystal phases yields porous glass-ceramics with important applications. Here, glass/ceramic interfaces of niobo-, vanado- and titano-phosphate glasses were studied by micro-Raman spectroscopy, whose spatial resolution revealed the multiphase structures. Phase-separation mechanisms were also determined by this technique, revealing that interface composition remained unchanged as the crystallization front advanced for niobo- and vanadophosphate glasses (interface-controlled crystallization). For titanophosphate glasses, phase composition changed continuously with time up to the equilibrium composition, indicating a spinodal-type phase separation.

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A solid-phase in-line extraction system for water samples containing low levels of emerging contaminants is described. The system was specially developed for large volume samples (up to 4 L) using commercial solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. Four sets containing PTFE-made connectors, brass adapters and ball valves were used to fit SPE cartridges and sample bottles to a 4-port manifold attached to a 20 L carboy. A lab-made vacuum device was connected to the manifold cap. The apparatus is robust and less expensive than the typical available system. Its also provides less experimental handling, avoiding cross contamination and sample losses.

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High-temperature liquid chromatography (HTLC) is a technique that presents a series of advantages in liquid phase separations, such as: reduced analysis time, reduced pressure drop, reduced asymmetry factors, modified retentions, controlled selectivities, better efficiencies and improved detectivities, as well as permitting green chromatography. The practical limitations that relate to instrumentation and to stationary phase instability are being resolved and this technique is now ready to be applied for routine determinations.

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The efficiency of swine production performance depends on the herd administration, such as good nutrition, sanitary control, facilities and appropriate environmental conditions. The concept of this production model is directly related with the reduction of selective losses and the process control. Each production segment is controlled to reach the optimization in the system totality, it is necessary to apply animals handling concepts, environmental control implementation, diseases control, nutrition control, information concerning in guaranteeing the animal welfare and individual identification. The present work presents as objective the development of the mathematical model to evaluate interactions among the internal atmosphere of the installation and the thermal animals preference, in the expectation of detecting a relationship among the frequency access to the drinking fountain and the atmosphere conditions - temperature, black globe temperature and relative humidity, using as tool the electronic identification. The results obtained by the mathematical model, allowed to conclude accurately the evaluation of the swine thermal preference correlating with the climatic variables in the pregnancy stage.

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Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física

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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física