995 resultados para Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa
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Background: Ipomoea carnea (I. carnea) is a poisonous plant found in Brazil and other tropical countries that often poison livestock. The plant contains the alkaloids calystegines and mainly swainsonine, which inhibit cellular enzymes and cause systematic cell death. The objective of this study was to evaluate the perinatal effects of I. carnea in goats. Methods: Forty-seven pregnant goats were randomly allocated into 5 treatment groups and given the following doses (g/kg BW) of I. carnea: 0 (IC0), 1.0 (IC1), 3.0 (IC3), 5.0 (IC5) and 7.5 (IC7). The treatment animals were given fresh I. carnea from day 27 of gestation to parturition. Weight gains and serum biochemistry were evaluated. Fetuses were evaluated using ultrasonographic measurements. Results: Goats from the IC7 group showed clinical signs of poisoning. Ultrasound examination revealed that I. carnea feeding in all treatment groups reduced fetal movement compared to the controls. There was an increase in the total number of birth defects (retrognathia and arthrogyposis) in the IC7 and IC5 groups compared to the controls. Conclusion: The results show that I. carnea has teratogenic potential in goats. In addition, ultrasounds were useful in evaluating fetotoxicity and teratogenicity. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 00:17, 2012. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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The use of natural active principals is widespread among a great proportion of the rural population, or by people who do not have easy access to medical assistance. These active principles are used as food or medicines, and even for purposes of contraception. It becomes necessary to establish a relationship between the folklore habits and current information on the nature of anti-fertility substances, and knowledge of their mechanisms. Anti-fertility agents may exert their actions in a number of areas, (hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, oviduct, uterus, and vagina), inhibiting synthesis and/or liberation of hormones (follicle-stimulating, luteinizing, and steroid hormones), ovulation, ovum transportation, and implantation process. Therefore, a review of literature was carried out, including of several plants used by women as abortifacient and anti-fertility agents to compare their effects with those obtained among laboratory animals.
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Para determinar a ocorrência de diferentes intoxicações por plantas na região do Seridó Ocidental e Oriental do Rio Grande do Norte foram entrevistadas 82 pessoas, entre produtores e técnicos em 17 municípios. De acordo com esse inquérito as duas intoxicações mais importantes são as por Ipomoea asarifolia, que causa sinais nervosos em ovinos, caprinos e bovinos, e por Aspidosperma pyrifolium que, segundo os entrevistados, causaria abortos em caprinos, ovinos e bovinos. O efeito abortivo desta última planta foi comprovado em caprinos, mas não em bovinos e ovinos. Alguns entrevistados mencionaram, também, a intoxicação por A. pyrifolium como causa de sinais nervosos em bovinos e eqüídeos, o que ainda não foi comprovado. Intoxicações por plantas cianogênicas, incluindo Manihot spp, Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil (=Piptadenia macrocarpa), Sorghum bicolor e Sorghum halepense são importantes na região. São importantes, também, as intoxicações por Prosopis juliflora em bovinos e, com menor freqüência, em caprinos, por Crotalaria retusa em eqüinos, ovinos e bovinos e por Mascagnia rigida em bovinos. As intoxicações por Brachiaria decumbens e Enterolobium contortisiliquum ocorrem esporadicamente. Outras intoxicações menos importantes são as causadas por Indigofera suffruticosa, Ipomoea carnea e Ricinus communis. Diversos produtores descreveram a intoxicação por Marsdenia sp afetando ovinos e bovinos, além de um surto em suínos que foram alimentados com as raízes da planta. Foi demonstrado que tanto as raízes da planta quanto as folhas são tóxicas para ruminantes, causando sinais nervosos, mas sem lesões histológicas. Outra intoxicação relatada pelos produtores e comprovada experimentalmente foi a causada por Tephrosia cinerea em ovinos, que causa um quadro clínico de ascite, com lesões de fibrose hepática. Seis produtores descreveram a intoxicação por Nerium oleander, sempre em bovinos que tiveram acesso à planta após esta ter sido cortada e misturada ou não com outras plantas. Os produtores mencionaram, também, as intoxicações por diversas plantas cuja toxicidade em forma espontânea não está comprovada, incluindo Paullinia sp, Passiflora sp, Dalechampia sp, Portulaca oleracea, Luffa acutangula, Cereus sp, Leersia hexandra e Stemodia maritima. Echinochloa polystachya e Pennisetum purpureum, que podem causar intoxicação por nitratos e nitritos, foram mencionadas por alguns produtores com causa de morte em bovinos. Um produtor descreveu um surto de intoxicação em bovinos e caprinos por Dieffenbachia picta que tinha sido cortada e colocada ao alcance dos animais.
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O conhecimento das doenças dos animais domésticos, nas diferentes regiões do Brasil é importante para determinar formas eficientes de profilaxia e controle. Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever a epidemiologia, sinais clínicos e patologia das enfermidades do sistema nervoso central (SNC) de caprinos e ovinos, que ocorreram de janeiro de 2000 a maio de 2006 no semi-árido, principalmente do estado da Paraíba. Durante o período, 365 casos ou surtos foram diagnosticados em caprinos e 270 em ovinos. Desses, 63 (9,92%) eram doenças do SNC, sendo 34 (9,31%) em caprinos e 29 (10,7%) em ovinos. As principais enfermidades foram abscessos (19,04%), tétano (15,9%), raiva (9,52%) intoxicação por Ipomoea asarifolia (7,93%), listeriose (6,34%), trauma (6,34%), polioencefalomalacia (4,77%), toxemia da prenhez (3,17%), ataxia enzoótica (3,17%) e meningite (3,17%). Outras doenças diagnosticadas numa única oportunidade (1,59%) foram intoxicações por Crotalaria retusa, Ipomoea carnea, Ipomoea sericophylla e Prosopis juliflora, otite com encefalite, malformação, linfossarcoma linfoblástico, meduloblastoma e necrose simétrica focal. Em 6,34% dos casos o diagnóstico foi inconclusivo.
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Foi realizado um levantamento dos surtos de intoxicações por plantas em ruminantes e equinos diagnosticados no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV), do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, Paraíba, no período de 2000-2007. Em bovinos 7,4% dos diagnósticos realizados pelo LPV foram intoxicações por plantas. Foram diagnosticadas intoxicações por Centhraterum brachylepis (um surto), Brachiaria spp. (um surto), Crotalaria retusa (dois surtos), Ipomoea batatas (um surto), Marsdenia sp. (um surto), gramíneas contendo nitratos e nitritos (um surto por Echinochloa polystachya e dois surtos por Pennisetum purpureum), Palicourea aeneofusca (um surto), Prosopis juliflora (três surtos), Nerium oleander (um surto) e Mimosa tenuiflora (sete surtos). Na espécie ovina 13% dos diagnósticos foram intoxicações por plantas. Os surtos foram causados por Ipomoea asarifolia (quatro surtos), Brachiaria spp. (três surtos), Crotalaria retusa (dois surtos), Tephrosia cinerea (dois surtos), Panicum dichotomiflorum (um surto), Mascagnia rigida (um surto) e malformações associadas à ingestão de Mimosa tenuiflora (20 surtos). Nos caprinos, 6,4% dos diagnósticos corresponderam à intoxicação por plantas. Sete surtos foram causados por Mimosa tenuiflora, um por Ipomoea asarifolia, um por Ipomoea carnea, um por Ipomoea riedelli, três por Prosopis juliflora, um por Arrabidaea corallina, dois por Aspidosperma pyrifolium, dois por Turbina cordata e um por Opuntia ficus-indica. Na espécie equina 14% das doenças diagnosticadas foram devidas a intoxicações por plantas, sendo 12 surtos por Crotalaria retusa e um por Turbina cordata. As perdas na Paraíba por plantas tóxicas são estimadas em 3.895 bovinos, 8.374 ovinos, 6.390 caprinos e 366 equinos, que representam uma perda econômica anual, por morte de animais, de R$ 2.733.097,00. São relatados alguns aspectos epidemiológicos, sinais clínicos e patologia de surtos de intoxicação por Crotalaria retusa em bovinos, Brachiaria spp. em ovinos, Prosopis juliflora em bovinos e caprinos, Nerium oleander em bovinos, Opuntia ficus-indica em caprinos e Turbina cordata em equinos e caprinos.
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A importância econômica, epidemiologia e controle das intoxicações por plantas em animais domésticos no Brasil são revisadas. Com os dados dos laboratórios de diagnóstico de diferentes regiões do país, as perdas anuais por mortes de animais foram estimadas em 820.761 a 1.755.763 bovinos, 399.800 a 445.309 ovinos, 52.675 a 63.292 caprinos e 38.559 equinos. No Brasil, atualmente, o número de plantas tóxicas é de 131 espécies e 79 gêneros e aumenta permanentemente. No entanto, a maioria das perdas são causadas por poucas plantas, incluindo Palicourea marcgravii, Amorimia spp., Senecio spp., Pteridium aquilinum, Ateleia glazioviana e Cestrum laevigatum em bovinos, Brachiaria spp em bovinos e ovinos, Nierembergia veitchii, Mimosa tenuiflora e Ipomoea asarifolia em ovinos, plantas que contêm swainsonina (Ipomoea carnea, Turbina cordata e Sida carpinifolia) em caprinos e Brachiaria humidicola e Crotalaria retusa em equinos. Os principais fatores epidemiológicos relacionados às intoxicações por plantas incluem palatabilidade, fome, sede, facilitação social, desconhecimento da planta, acesso a plantas tóxicas, dose tóxica, período de ingestão, variações de toxicidade e resistência/susceptibilidade dos animais às intoxicações. Quanto aos métodos de controle e profilaxia descrevem-se os resultados obtidos no Brasil com métodos recentemente desenvolvidos, incluindo controle biológico, aversão alimentar condicionada, utilização de variedades não tóxicas de forrageiras, utilização de animais resistentes às intoxicações e técnicas de indução de resistência.
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Insecticide potential and efficaciousness of vegetal extracts concentrations from six botanic families in three different modes were analyzed on the nymphs of the silverleaf whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn. 1889) on a tomato plantation Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Nymph breeding was kept in cherry tomato shrubs. Test solutions were obtained from successive extractions with ethanol and evaporation in a rotary evaporator. Tests consisted of 10 solutions in four concentrations (500; 1,000; 1,500 and 3,000 μg/mL) and control treatment (distilled water + 1% DMSO) under three different modes of activity, namely, contact, translaminar and systemic. Experimental design was totally randomized with four repetitions and eleven treatments. Means were compared by Scott-Knott test at 5% probability and lethal concentrations (CL50) were calculated by POLO. In the case of contact activity mode, all extracts had efficiency above 50% with the highest concentration (3,000 μg/mL) in which the highest efficiency for all extracts tested was verified. There was a need for dose increase in translaminar activity mode for similar results, whereas in the case of systemic activity the best performance was obtained with extracts of Nerium oleander, Derris amazonica and Ipomoea carnea. Extracts of the last two caused a higher percentage when compared with that of other extracts in all activity modes lower than CL50.
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Ipomoea cameo Jacq. ssp. fistulosa (Mart. Ex Choisy; Convolvulaceae; I. cameo) possesses a toxic component: an indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine (SW) that has immunomodulatory effects due to its inhibition of glycoprotein metabolism. It is also known that SW is excreted into both the amniotic fluid and milk of female rats exposed to I. cameo. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether SW exposure, either in utero or from the milk of dams treated with I. cornea, modulates offspring immune function into adulthood. In addition, adult (70 days old) and juvenile rats (21 days old) were exposed to I. cameo in order to evaluate several other immune parameters: lymphoid organs relative weight and cellularity, humoral and cellular immune responses. Offspring exposed to I. cornea during lactation developed rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adulthood after an immunogenic challenge. In addition, both adult and juvenile rats exposed to I. cameo showed discrepancies in several immune parameters, but did not exhibit any decrease in humoral immune response, which was enhanced at both ages. These findings indicate that SW modulates immune function in adult rats exposed to SW during lactation and in juvenile and adult rats exposed to SW as juveniles and adults, respectively.
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The objective of the present research was to determine the allelopathic potential of Ipomoea fistulosa plants on germination and growth of seedlings. In laboratory, lettuce and tomato seeds were placed to germinate in the presence of water or Ipomoea fistulosa leaf extract, in the concentrations of 5, 10 e 15% (p/v). In greenhouse, seeds were placed to germinate in trays containing Plantmax (R) substrate and Plantmax (R) substrate + Ipomoea fistulosa dry leaf residue, at 3% (w/w). The aqueous extract inhibited germination, raised the mean germination time of the seeds and reduced the radicle and hypocotyl growth in all used concentrations. In greenhouse, the plant height, leaf number, and dry mass accumulation also were reduced in the presence of the leaf residue in the substrate. The results suggest the presence of allelochemicals in Ipomoea fistulosa and demonstrate the highest sensitivity of lettuce that tomato to these compounds.
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Thesis (doctoral)--
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El objetivo del presente trabajo fue relevar y diferenciar especies del género Ipomoea presentes en diferentes fases de desarrollo, en el área de riego del Río Dulce, Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Para ello fueron herborizados y fotografiados diversos ejemplares encontrados en la región. En el laboratorio, después del trabajo de identificación, fueron descritas las diversas fases de desarrollo de la planta: semilla, plántula y estado adulto, creándose códigos de identificación para cada fase. Se registraron ocho especies del género Ipomoea, I. alba; I. amnicola; I. cairica; I. carnea; I. grandifolia; I. nil; I. purpurea e I. quamoclit, algunas de las cuales se cultivan como ornamentales, otras aparecen como ruderales y algunas son malezas en cultivos de la región.
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Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (X. citri) is the causative agent of the citrus canker, a disease that affects several citrus plants in Brazil and across the world. Although many studies have demonstrated the importance of genes for infection and pathogenesis in this bacterium, there are no data related to phosphate uptake and assimilation pathways. To identify the proteins that are involved in the phosphate response, we performed a proteomic analysis of X. citri extracts after growth in three culture media with different phosphate concentrations. Using mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analysis, we showed that X. citri conserved orthologous genes from Pho regulon in Escherichia coli, including the two-component system PhoR/PhoB, ATP binding cassette (ABC transporter) Pst for phosphate uptake, and the alkaline phosphatase PhoA. Analysis performed under phosphate starvation provided evidence of the relevance of the Pst system for phosphate uptake, as well as both periplasmic binding proteins, PhoX and PstS, which were formed in high abundance. The results from this study are the first evidence of the Pho regulon activation in X. citri and bring new insights for studies related to the bacterial metabolism and physiology. Biological significance Using proteomics and bioinformatics analysis we showed for the first time that the phytopathogenic bacterium X. citri conserves a set of proteins that belong to the Pho regulon, which are induced during phosphate starvation. The most relevant in terms of conservation and up-regulation were the periplasmic-binding proteins PstS and PhoX from the ABC transporter PstSBAC for phosphate, the two-component system composed by PhoR/PhoB and the alkaline phosphatase PhoA.
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The variation in the proportion of reproductive branches, fruit, and seed production of Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br. (Convolvulaceae) were evaluated at ten beaches on Santa Catarina Island, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Three patches per beach of Ipomoea pes-caprae were monitored, involving two reproductive cycles. Ipomoea pes-caprae presented initially an average length of patches of 14 m, with 9.6 branches/m² and 39% of reproductive branches. The proportion of reproductive branches varied between the cycles, but there was not noticed an alternation of reproductive effort between the subsequent cycles. There was a reduction in the percentage of reproductive branches at six localities. In four beaches where Ipomoea pes-caprae populations declined, occurred reduction in the reproductive vigor, and in the seed production, being these declines associated to strong sea erosion. In another hand, in one beach with population increase, there were little reproductive branches due to the occurrence of young stolons. Four patches never maturated fruits, being three of these located at small beaches. The fruit and seed productions in the patches showed values up to 40 fruits/m² and up to 140 seeds/m², respectively. Populations with great seed production were localized in areas adjacent to great coastal plains, which may represent potential seed sources for areas with small seed production in the island.
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Ipomoea imperati (Vahl) Griseb., Convolvulaceae, is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammation, swelling and wounds, as well as to treat pains and stomach problems. This work evaluates the anti-oxidative activity by ESR (Electron Spin Resonance spectroscopy) and the preventive and curative actions of I. imperati in gastric ulcer animal model. Ipomoea imperati (200 mg/kg, p.o.) prevented the formation of gastric lesions in 78% (p<0.05) when compared with the negative control tween 80. Lanzoprazole, prevented in 85% the gastric lesions formation induced by ethanol (p<0.05). Therefore, the oral administration of I. imperati one hour before the ulcerogenic agent prevented the ulcer formation, conserving the citoprotection characteristics of the gastric mucosa and assuring the integrity of gastric glands and gastric fossets. The healing activity of I. imperati (200 mg/kg, p.o.) evaluated in chronic ulcer experiments induced by the acetic acid, was 72% (p<0.05). The positive control, ranitidine, healed 78% of the gastric lesions (p<0.05). The histological analysis confirmed the recovery of the mucosal layer and the muscle mucosal layer harmed by the acetic acid. Experiments in vitro with DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) of anti-oxidative activity demonstrated that I. imperati presents an IC50 of 0.73±0.01 mg/mL.