214 resultados para Intervalle sevrage-oestrus


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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Previous studies showed that Santa Ines (SI) hair sheep were more resistant to gastrointestinal nematode infections (GIN) than Ile de France (IF) sheep. The present experiment aimed to evaluate if that reported resistance difference against GIN also occurred against Oestrus ovis infestation and also to evaluate the influence of O. ovis infestation on the gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) infections. SI (n = 12) and IF (n = 12) young male lambs were weaned at 2 months of age and moved to a paddock (0.3 ha) with Brachiaria decumbens grass, where they also received concentrate ration. The animals were kept together during the experimental period (September to early December 2009). Fecal and blood samples were taken from all animals every 2 weeks and body weight and nasal discharge score (oestrosis clinic signs) were recorded on the same occasion. In early December 2009, all lambs were sacrificed and O. ovis larvae and GIN were recovered, counted and identified according to the larval stage. All animals were infested by different larval instars of O. ovis without any statistical difference between breeds (P > 0.05). The SI lambs had an average of 24.8 larvae, and the intensity of infection ranged between 14 and 39 larvae, while the IF lambs showed an average of 23.5 larvae with the minimum and maximum from 11 to 36 larvae, respectively. SI lambs presented the lowest nematode fecal egg counts (FECs) and the lowest mean numbers of Haemonchus contort us, Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Strongyloides papillosus, however, there was no significant differences between group means (P > 0.05). Inverse relationship between numbers of O. ovis larvae and gastrointestinal nematodes was observed in both breeds. SI sheep showed a significant increase in blood eosinophils and total IgE serum levels and these variables were negatively correlated with nematode FEC. A negative correlation was observed between total IgE serum level and H. contortus burden in both breeds. In conclusion, there was no breed difference regarding O. ovis infestation and in each breed, animals with more nasal bot fly larvae tended to display smaller worm burden. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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The aim of the present study was to determine effects of lactation on basal LH and IGF-1 concentrations and on the LH response to a GnRH-analogue at different stages of the oestrous cycle in mares. A total of 17 cyclic Haflinger mares were included in the study. Experiments were performed on lactating mares in first postpartum oestrus, the subsequent early luteal phase, and second postpartum oestrus. Non-lactating mares were used in oestrus and early luteal phase. Blood samples were taken for 1 h at 15 min intervals. Mares were then injected with the GnRH-analogue buserelin (GnRHa; 5 microg i.v.) and blood samples were drawn every 15 min for further 2 h. LH in all samples and basal IGF-1-concentrations were determined by RIA. In lactating mares, basal LH concentrations during the early luteal phase tended to be lower (p = 0.07) and the LH response to GnRHa, calculated as area under the curve, was significantly less pronounced compared to non-lactating mares (p < 0.01). As well in lactating mares, the basal LH concentration between first early luteal phase and second oestrus differed significantly (p < 0.05) and the net response to GnRHa was significantly lower between first oestrus as well as second oestrus and first early luteal phase (p < 0.05) but not between first and second oestrous postpartum. Within the group of non-lactating mares, the LH response to GnRHa was as well significantly lower during oestrus than during early luteal phase (p < 0.01). IGF-1 concentrations differed neither between groups nor stages of the cycle within groups. In conclusion, basal and GnRHa-stimulated LH release in lactating mares is lower than in non-lactating mares. This difference, however, occurs only in the early luteal phase. In lactating mares, concentrations of LH appear adequate to allow ovulation to occur.

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Acknowledgments This work was funded by the University of Aberdeen CLSM grant to TJS. EWJL was funded by a Society for Reproduction and Fertility undergraduate scholarship. TJS conceived the project, designed experiments, analyzed data and wrote the manuscript. EWJL conducted experiments and analyzed the data. CC conducted the immunocytochemistry. ML conducted HEK293 cell culture assays. EMC and ASB provided technical assistance. The authors thank Gerald Lincoln for critical feedback on a previous version of this manuscript.

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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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Problématique : L'allaitement, encouragé par l'Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) comme mode d'alimentation idéal pour les mères et leurs enfants, devient de plus en plus populaire (Statistique Canada, 2012). Au Canada, son initiation dépasse 90 %, cependant 19 % des mères sèvrent dès le premier mois. Un des avantages attribué à l'allaitement est qu'il favorise la relation mère-bébé (Smith et Ellwood, 2011), mais qu'en est-il si l'expérience d'allaitement est difficile? Peu d’études explorent ce thème et surtout elles restent vagues sur les impacts d’une telle expérience sur la relation mère-bébé. But : L'étude vise à décrire l'établissement de la relation mère-bébé selon la perspective de mères ayant sevré suite à une expérience d'allaitement difficile. Méthode : Un devis mixte a été utilisé. Douze mères ont répondu à des questionnaires et participé à une entrevue individuelle portant sur l’expérience d’allaitement difficile menant au sevrage et sur la relation mère-bébé en contexte d'allaitement difficile. Des analyses descriptives ont été faites pour les données quantitatives et de contenu pour les données qualitatives. Résultats : Les difficultés d’allaitement ont commencé dès l’initiation et ont perduré toute la durée de l’expérience d’allaitement. Dans ce contexte d'allaitement difficile, les participantes ont rapporté être moins prédisposées à connaitre leur bébé, à communiquer avec lui et elles ont vécu des échanges affectifs positifs et négatifs avec lui. Suite au sevrage, elles ont dit découvrir et communiquer davantage avec leur bébé. Avec les difficultés d’allaitement et le choix de sevrer, elles sont appelées à redéfinir leur rôle de mère auprès de leur bébé et elles ont ressenti une culpabilité passagère. Face à aux défis d’être attentive à la relation avec leur bébé, d’évoluer dans le rôle de mère et de dépasser la culpabilité vécue, les mères ont besoin de soutien. Retombées : En contexte d'allaitement difficile, la relation mère-bébé pourrait bénéficier du soutien des infirmières qui ont une proximité avec les dyades mère-bébé pour les aider à surmonter les défis relationnels. Suite au sevrage, les mères ont besoin d'être soutenues particulièrement face à la culpabilité ressentie.