Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge Company fonds, 1875-1876, 1878, 1884

In 1846, the governments of Upper Canada and the State of New York initiated the creation of two companies that would be authorized to build a bridge over the Niagara River. The bridge was to be owned by both companies, respectively known as the Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge Company (Canadian) and the International Bridge Company (American). A suspension bridge was completed in 1848. This bridge was later replaced by a second suspension bridge that accommodated railways, built in 1853-54. However, the increasing weight of trains made it necessary for the bridge to be redesigned, and a third bridge was completed in 1886. Eventually, this bridge was replaced by a steel arch bridge, which was completed in 1897.

Acts of incorporation and amendments of the Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge Co'y and the Niagara Falls International Bridge Co'y, also articles of association, leases, agreements, etc. (1900)

Contains "Acts of Parliament of Province of Canada and Acts of Parliament of Dominion of Canada."

Improvement on the sales forecast accuracy for a fast growing company by the best combination of historical data usage and clients segmentation

Industrial companies in developing countries are facing rapid growths, and this requires having in place the best organizational processes to cope with the market demand. Sales forecasting, as a tool aligned with the general strategy of the company, needs to be as much accurate as possible, in order to achieve the sales targets by making available the right information for purchasing, planning and control of production areas, and finally attending in time and form the demand generated. The present dissertation uses a single case study from the subsidiary of an international explosives company based in Brazil, Maxam, experiencing high growth in sales, and therefore facing the challenge to adequate its structure and processes properly for the rapid growth expected. Diverse sales forecast techniques have been analyzed to compare the actual monthly sales forecast, based on the sales force representatives’ market knowledge, with forecasts based on the analysis of historical sales data. The dissertation findings show how the combination of both qualitative and quantitative forecasts, by the creation of a combined forecast that considers both client´s demand knowledge from the sales workforce with time series analysis, leads to the improvement on the accuracy of the company´s sales forecast.

International library of technology; a series of textbooks for persons engaged in the engineering professions and trades,

Mode of access: Internet.

International library of technology : a series of text books for persons engaged in the engineering professions and trades, or for those who desire information concerning them : fully illustrated and containing numerous practical examples and their solutions.

Mode of access: Internet.

The blue book : a comprehensive official souvenir view book of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition at San Francisco, 1915

"Official publication"

Estratégias e práticas de marketing relacional na Russell Bedford International

O presente relatório propõe-se a retratar a experiência como Assistente de Marketing e Business Development na empresa Russell Bedford International, sediada em Londres, entre Outubro de 2012 e Fevereiro de 2013. O relatório encontra-se dividido em três capítulos: entidade de acolhimento, actividades desenvolvidas e enquadramento teórico. A Russell Bedford International (RBI) é uma rede global de empresas de contabilidade, auditoria, consultoria fiscal e empresarial. A empresa tem representação em mais de 100 países na Europa, América, Médio Oriente, Africa, Índia e Ásia, contando com mais de 90 associados, mais de 20 correspondentes, 600 parceiros, 5000 empregados e 290 escritórios. O presente documento apresenta os principais desafios e estratégias, do ponto de vista do Marketing, que a empresa enfrenta num contexto business-to-business, marcado pela importância das relações e pela internacionalização.

Eventuales manifestaciones del abuso de la posición dominante en el amparo de infidelidad de la póliza global bancaria

En este trabajo se estudian las generalidades del contrato de seguro, las cláusulas abusivas en el contrato de adhesión y particularmente el Amparo de Infidelidad de la Póliza Global Bancaria con el objeto de establecer la posibilidad de que en dicho amparo se presenten conductas abusivas.

Um estudo de caso sobre a entrada da Petrobrás no retail norte americano

Esta dissertação objetiva compreender como a entrada da companhia no mercado de retail Norte Americano poderia contribuir com sua estratégia. Acredita-se que sendo o mercado Norte Americano o maior consumidor e também importador mundial de gasolina (derivado de petróleo de alto valor agregado) este seria um mercado relevante para a expansão dos negócios da Petrobras. Dentre as principais razões destacamos: o tamanho deste mercado consumidor, vantagens logísticas, margens atrativas, diversificação do portfólio da companhia e; um posicionamento estratégico no sentido de ser reconhecida internacionalmente. Dentre os resultados desta dissertação pode-se destacar que o mercado de downstream norte americano é atrativo e, assim sendo, a Petrobras, como companhia de petróleo regional objetivando tornar-se uma grande empresa internacional de petróleo, deva estudar a possibilidade de entrar no mercado de retail norte americano. Não foram detectadas barreiras suficientemente fortes no que tange ao comportamento predatório nem custos afundados ou integração vertical que impeça a entrada de novos competidores. Finalmente, ao observar-se os resultados da fronteira eficiente, tem-se que não existe uma “melhor” opção de carteira e, caberá a companhia definir o quão exposto ao risco deseja estar e, ao mesmo tempo, qual o retorno mínimo aceitável.

Alternativas de centralización de la función de tesorería en holdings de compañías internacionales

A través del proyecto se pretende buscar diferentes alternativas de centralización de la función de tesorería y el continuum de madurez para un holding internacional de compañías, lo que implica desde modelos de cash pooling, a modelos de centros de servicios compartidos (factorías de cobros y pagos), a modelos avanzados de bancos internos, analizando en qué casos puede ser aplicable cada uno. En términos generales, el proyecto se divide en cuatro bloques: -Repaso a los roles, responsabilidades y evolución de la función de tesorería, a nivel general -Repaso a las alternativas de centralización de la función de tesorería -Caso sobre un diseño de un modelo de centralización para un grupo internacional -Conclusiones---ABSTRACT---Through the project aims to find different alternatives of centralized treasury function and the continuum of maturity for an international holding company, which means from models of cash pooling, models of shared service centers (factories collections and payments ), to advanced models of domestic banks, analyzing in which cases may be applicable each. Overall, the project is divided into four main parts: -Review of the roles, responsibilities and evolution of the treasury function, in general --Review of the alternatives of centralization of the treasury function -Case study on a design of a centralized model for an international group -Conclusions

Estudio y diseño de un régimen fiscal que optimice la inversión en exploración y producción de hidrocarburos

Los regímenes fiscales que se aplican a los contratos de exploración y desarrollo de petróleo y gas, entre los propietarios del recurso natural (generalmente el país soberano representado por su gobierno) y las compañías operadoras internacionales (COI) que aportan capital, experiencia y tecnología, no han sabido responder a la reciente escalada de los precios del crudo y han dado lugar a que los países productores no estén recibiendo la parte de renta correspondiente al incremento de precios. Esto ha provocado una ola de renegociaciones llegándose incluso a la imposición unilateral de nuevos términos por parte de algunos gobiernos entre los que destacan el caso de Venezuela y Argentina, por ser los más radicales. El objetivo del presente trabajo es el estudio y diseño de un régimen fiscal que, en las actuales condiciones del mercado, consiga que los gobiernos optimicen sus ingresos incentivando la inversión. Para ello se simulan los efectos de siete tipos diferentes de fiscalidades aplicadas a dos yacimientos de características muy distintas y se valoran los resultados. El modelo utilizado para la simulación es el modelo de escenarios, ampliamente utilizado tanto por la comunidad académica como por la industria para comparar el comportamiento de diferentes regímenes fiscales. Para decidir cuál de las fiscalidades estudiadas es la mejor se emplea un método optimización multicriterio. Los criterios que se han aplicado para valorar los resultados recogen la opinión de expertos de la industria sobre qué factores se consideran deseables en un contrato a la hora invertir. El resultado permite delinear las características de un marco fiscal ideal del tipo acuerdo de producción compartida, sin royalties, con un límite alto de recuperación de crudo coste que permita recobrar todos los costes operativos y una parte de los de capital en cualquier escenario de precios, un reparto de los beneficios en función de un indicador de rentabilidad como es la TIR, con un mecanismo de recuperación de costes adicional (uplift) que incentive la inversión y con disposiciones que premien la exploración y más la de alto riesgo como la amortización acelerada de los gastos de capital o una ampliación de la cláusula de ringfence. Un contrato con estas características permitirá al gobierno optimizar los ingresos obtenidos de sus reservas de petróleo y gas maximizando la producción al atraer inversión para la exploración y mejorar la recuperación alargando la vida del yacimiento. Además al reducir el riesgo percibido por el inversor que recupera sus costes, menor será la rentabilidad exigida al capital invertido y por tanto mayor la parte de esos ingresos que irá a parar al gobierno del país productor. ABSTRACT Fiscal systems used in petroleum arrangements between the owners of the resource (usually a sovereign country represented by its government) and the international operating company (IOC) that provides capital, knowhow and technology, have failed to allocate profits from the recent escalation of oil prices and have resulted in producing countries not receiving the right share of that increase. This has caused a wave of renegotiations and even in some cases, like Venezuela and Argentina, government unilaterally imposed new terms. This paper aims to outline desirable features of a petroleum fiscal system, under current market conditions, for governments to maximize their revenues while encouraging investment. Firstly the impact of seven different types of fiscal regimes is studied with a simulation for two separate oil fields using the scenario approach. The scenario approach has been frequently employed by academic and business researchers to compare the performance of diverse fiscal regimes. In order to decide which of the fiscal regimes’ performance is best we used a multi-objective optimization decision making approach to assess the results. The criteria applied gather the preferences of a panel of industry experts about the desirable features of a contract when making investment decisions. The results show the characteristics of an ideal fiscal framework that closely resembles a production sharing contract, with no royalty payment and a high cost recovery limit that allows the IOC to recover all operating expenses and a share of its capital costs under any price scenario, a profit oil sharing mechanism based on a profitability indicator such as the ROR, with an uplift that allows to recover an additional percentage of capital costs and provisions that promote exploration investment, specially high-risk exploration, such as accelerated depreciation for capital costs and a wide definition of the ringfence clause. A contract with these features will allow governments to optimize overall revenues from its petroleum resources maximizing production by promoting investment on exploration and extending oil fields life. Also by reducing the investor’s perception of risk it will reduce the minimum return to capital required by the IOC and therefore it will increase the government share of those revenues.