Balanço energético na produção de feno de alfafa em sistema intensivo de produção de leite

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Caracterização da piscicultura na região do Vale do Ribeira - SP

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The use of extruded feed in fish food

In our country, the intensive culture of fish has been making progress due to the availability of extruded rations, which are characterized by the way they have been formulated to assist the nutritional demands of the tropical species and for facilitating a better practice of alimentary handling. This process checks the extruded product density and the desirable physical/chemical aspects to a diet that should be handled in the water, the critical factor of this activity. It is important to emphasize that this product stays to the surface of the water, facilitates the consumption control and the observation of the general aspects of the school of fish, as well as guaranteeing that no deterioration of the physical/chemical characteristics of the water occurs. The floating characteristic of the extruded ration is preferable for farmers because most of the tropical species feed at the surface of the water. In some cases, in the function of the alimentary habit, the thermal conditions of the water and the handling system produce granules with different densities. This is due to the humidity and the applied cooking heat, which modifies the time of hydration, and consequently the ability to float. To establish the physical presentation idea for a ration for tropical fishes, it is necessary that the pellets come in sizes, textures, humidities and densities in order to allow for the different phases of the lives of the fishes. This ration should be the result of characteristics of the species, such as the anatomophysiologics particularities, alimentary habits, digestive capacity and alimentary behavior. Only in this way is it possible to offer to those fishes a ration whose nutritious value and physical presentation facilitate the best biological and economic answers.Those aspects need to be reviewed because the tropical species that are cultivated in our country present selective behavior in relation to the size of the pellet. Generally, this has access to the digestive system without waste; the digestibility, therefore, is dependent upon the size of the particles and the physical aspects of the pellets. They should still consider that those granules could be less abrasive and softer. The extruded rations available in the national market present a qualitative reference to its proteic level, whose consequence allows us to infer that those are overestimated for the final phase of those fishes. Thus, the final cost of production is made unfeasible. In this point of view of the development of the national fish culture, and the growing adoption of the intensive system of production, it can link that such progress is a function of the availability of the rations in the extruded form. Although this technique of processing of rations has revolutionized the market in such a way that has been seen as preferable for farmers, some feel that there is a lack of products best suited for the initial phases of fingerlings production.

Growth and survival of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) juveniles reared in ponds or at different initial larviculture periods indoors

Five-day-old pacu larvae (Piaractus mesopotamicus) with average length and weight of 5.96 mm and 0.42 mg, respectively, were reared as follows: in a semi-intensive system with larvae stocked directly into fertilized ponds (IL0)-and an initial intensive larviculture system with larvae maintained in a laboratory for 3 (IL3), 6 (IL6) and 9 (IL9) days, before being transferred to fertilized ponds. During the indoor phase, larvae were fed Artemia nauplii. Intensive-culture survivals were high (95.6%, 86.4% and 83.8% for IL3, IL6 and IL9, respectively) and at the end of the 45-day period, the longer the larvae were kept in the intensive system, the better the juvenile survival in the ponds. IL9 and IL6 survival rates were 54.0% and 45.4%, respectively, significantly higher (P < 0.05) than IL0 (11%) and IL3 presented an intermediate rate (25.3%). Due to the low survival rate of IL0, length and weight were higher (P < 0.05) when compared to IL6 and IL9; and the differences between their survival rates affected size distribution of juveniles among treatments. Treatments, which resulted in high survival (IL6 and IL9), presented a great number of small fish. In contrast, IL0 and IL3 produced many large and extra large individuals. In general, the results indicate that pacu juvenile production by initial intensive larviculture (IL6 and IL9) was the most efficient method. Therefore, further studies should be conducted in order to improve larval growth in the laboratory and handling techniques in both the laboratory and ponds. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

Efeito das condições climáticas do semiárido sobre o comportamento fisiológico de caprinos mestiços f1 saanen x boer

This research aimed at evaluating the effect of the semiarid climatic conditions on the physiological behavior of F1 Saanen x Boer crossbred goats, created at an intensive system. The experiment was carried out in the Health and Rural Technology Center, in the Federal University of Campina Grande, in the town of Patos, Paraiba. Twenty-four animals were used, with ages varying between three and four months, being 12 females and 12 males, weaned and prevented against worms, receiving ad libitum water and controlled concentrate and roughage. The environmental variables were checked inside and outside the experiment place, as well as the physiological variables of all animals. Except for the humid bulb temperature, the variance analysis revealed shift effect (P<0.05) for all environmental variables. There was merely shift effect (P<0.05) for Cardiac Frequency and Rectal Temperature, and the averages of both, in the afternoon, overcame those observed in the morning. The obtained results based on the studied physiological and environmental variables conclude that crossbred goats, resulting of Boer (paternal) and Saanen (maternal), present a good resistance to heat, permitting their indication for the meat production in confinement on semiarid conditions.

Espécies do gênero Eimeria Schneider, 1875 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) em caprinos leitros mantidos em sistema intensivo na região de São Jose do Rio Preto, estado de São Paulo, Brasil.

Were examined 58 dairy goats, 41 kids and 17 adults, Saanen and Alpine breeds, males and females, in intensive system, in the São José do Rio Preto region, São Paulo state, for detection and identification of Eimeria spp. oocysts. The 58 feces samples analyzed by the Centrifugal-flotation technique, were positive for, at least, one Eimeria species. The Eimeria species found in this research were: E. ninakohlyakimovae (77,6%), E. jolchijevi (72,4%), E. alijevi (63,8%), E. christenseni (63,8%), E. arloingi (62,1%), E. caprovina (56,9%), E. hirci (50,0%) and E. caprina (48,3%). It follows that the high rate of the positive animals and the high frequency of the Eimeria species among the animals demonstrated that the disease is common in dairy goats, kids and adults, in intensive system.

Proteinograma do soro lácteo de ovelhas da raça santa inês em diferentes fases de lactação

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of lactation phases on the proteinogram of whey protein in Santa Inês ewes. Ewes were accompanied in a semi-intensive system using the same sanitary and nutritional management evaluated at 15, 30, 60 and 90 days postpartum (end of weaning and lactation). Clinical examination of the mammary gland was carried out through and bacteriological culture. The screening of the material resulted in 44 milk samples of healthy glands concurrent negative by CMT and bacteriological culture exam. For obtaining the whey protein renin solution was used. The whey was fractionated into aliquots and kept in the -80C freezer to later separation of protein fractions. For determination of total protein of whey protein was employed the biuret, observing the linearity of the test. Separation of protein fractions was performed, using polyacrylamide gel containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE). Eigth protein were observed including lactoferrin, serum albumin, IgA, IgG (heavy chain IgG (IgG CP), light chain IgG (IgG CL), ß-lactoglobulin, a-lactalbumin and proteins identified as PM 15000 and PM 29000. No significant difference was observed at different stages of lactation in the following protein: IgA (P>0.3895), lactoferrin (P>0.1611), PM 29000 (P>0.4879), α-lactalbumin (P>0.0799) and PM15000 (P>0.4494). In total protein (P<0.0022), albumin protein (P<0.0377) and IgG (P<0.0354) it was observed a significant variation in the first moments of observations, in the ß-lactoglobulin protein (P<0.0005) there was significant variation with reduction of 15 to 30 days postpartum with progressive elevation until the last stage of lactation (90 days postpartum). The SDS-PAGE technique allowed the quantification of eigth whey proteins in health ewes. The protein fractions identified reflect the profile of whey to ovine species, with influence of stages of lactation in albumin, IgG and ß-lactoglobulin.

Volumes de tanques-rede na produção da tilápia-do-nilo: estudo de caso

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Produção de juvenis de Pseudoplatystoma coruscans (Agassiz, 1829) com dietas vivas e formuladas

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Treinamento alimentar de pintado Pseudoplatystoma coruscans (Agassiz, 1829): sobrevivência, crescimento e aspectos econômicos

Pós-graduação em Aquicultura - FCAV

Avaliação econômica e produtiva de tilápia do Nilo, revertida e não revertida, na fase de recria

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Perfil sócio-econômico e diretrizes para a gestão do agronegócio da ovinocultura no Estado de São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FMVZ

Uso de aeradores e substratos no cultivo semi-intensivo do camarão-da-amazônia Macrobrachium amazonicum: análise técnica, econômica e emissão de gases do efeito estufa

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Sustentabilidade, manejo da água e da aeração no cultivo semi-intensivo do camarão-da-amazônia Macrobrachium amazonicum em água hipereutrófica)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Policultivo de acará-bandeira e camarão-marinho

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)