Masks as methodology and the phenomenological turn: issues of interpretation

The purposes of this chapter are to argue for (i) the heuristic value of the concept of mask and masking in research which has its basis in psychodynamic theory but relating it to socio-cultural theory as means to understanding self-experience (ii) the value of creating and performing masks as one valuable methodological ‘embodied’ form in social and educational research that represent individuals’ richly textured self-other constructions and allow for the interrogation of any simplistic dichotomies associated with notions of ‘inside’ ‘outside’ categories (iii) exploring possibilities and dilemmas of interpretation within this frame

The discursive construction of place-identity: british lifestyle migrants in the Algarve

Tese dout., Philosophy, Lancaster University, 2011

Targetting of the ventro-intermediate nucleus using ultra-high field (7T) MRI for gamma knife surgery purposes: A pilot in vivo study on healthy subjects.

INTRODUCTION: Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) is a non-invasive neurosurgical stereotactic procedure, increasingly used as an alternative to open functional procedures. This includes targeting of the ventro-intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (e.g. Vim) for tremor. We currently perform an indirect targeting, as the Vim is not visible on current 3Tesla MRI acquisitions. Our objective was to enhance anatomic imaging (aiming at refining the precision of anatomic target selection by direct visualisation) in patients treated for tremor with Vim GKS, by using high field 7T MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODSH: Five young healthy subjects were scanned on 3 (T1-w and diffusion tensor imaging) and 7T (high-resolution susceptibility weighted images (SWI)) MRI in Lausanne. All images were further integrated for the first time into the Gamma Plan Software(®) (Elekta Instruments, AB, Sweden) and co-registered (with T1 was a reference). A simulation of targeting of the Vim was done using various methods on the 3T images. Furthermore, a correlation with the position of the found target with the 7T SWI was performed. The atlas of Morel et al. (Zurich, CH) was used to confirm the findings on a detailed analysis inside/outside the Gamma Plan. RESULTS: The use of SWI provided us with a superior resolution and an improved image contrast within the basal ganglia. This allowed visualization and direct delineation of some subgroups of thalamic nuclei in vivo, including the Vim. The position of the target, as assessed on 3T, perfectly matched with the supposed one of the Vim on the SWI. Furthermore, a 3-dimensional model of the Vim-target area was created on the basis of the obtained images. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of the integration of SWI high field MRI into the LGP, aiming at the improvement of targeting validation of the Vim in tremor. The anatomical correlation between the direct visualization on 7T and the current targeting methods on 3T (e.g. quadrilatere of Guyot, histological atlases) seems to show a very good anatomical matching. Further studies are needed to validate this technique, both by improving the accuracy of the targeting of the Vim (potentially also other thalamic nuclei) and to perform clinical assessment.

Globalization and Its Impact on Assessment: Moving Toward a New Story

Globalization has resulted in large-scale international and local assessments closely tied to notions of accountability and competitiveness in a globalized economy. Although policy makers seek to ensure citizens meet the demands of a global knowledge-based economy, such assessments may also impede the development of requisite 21st century skills. While standardization currently is viewed as the most effective measurement of student achievement, several Canadian and international jurisdictions are moving toward assessment for learning (AfL). This conceptual study sought to identify whether AfL or standardized assessment most effectively meets 21st century learning goals in the wake of rapid global change. It applies a Story Model theoretical framework to understand the current, the new emerging, and the future ideal story of education from a personal, cultural, and global lens. The study examines the main critiques and/or challenges of standardized testing, the benefits of AfL for student learning, and new teaching and assessment approaches to the development of 21st century learning goals. The study applies the Story Model’s inside-outside/past-future approach to determine the future direction of assessment. Results show that the new story of assessment will most likely entail a model that integrates both standardized testing and in-class assessments in the form of AfL and PBL.

NEW NOTES ON ""THE UNCANNY""

NEW NOTES ON ""THE UNCANNY"" The present paper expands the horizon of meanings associated with the concept of ""the uncanny"" (usually taken as an allegory for the return of the repressed). The narrative condition of the uncanny (or the experience of the limits of the ego), its relation to the primitive constitution of the psyche, the aspect of repetition, as well as its association with the ""fetish"" and the ""relic"" will be focused. It is our understanding that the concept of the uncanny should receive more attention from the psychoanalytic community. In fact, more attention and developments have been given to it from subjects as Linguistics, Literary Studies, Philosophy and Aesthetics, in general, than from Psychoanalysis itself Besides reflecting the neurotic functioning, the opposition homely/un-homely (uncanny) also refers to more primitive distinctions, such as self/not-self and inside/outside. The paper also addresses the romance The sea of fertility, by Yukio Mishima, so as to point out a singular aspect of the reading experience. Finally, the ideas of the fetish and of the relic will be analyzed from the point of view of the uncanny.

A Galactic ring of minimum stellar density near the solar orbit radius

We analyse the secular effects of a long-lived Galactic spiral structure on the stellar orbits with mean radii close to the corotation resonance. By test-particle simulations and different spiral potential models with parameters constrained on observations, we verified the formation of a minimum with amplitude ∼30–40 per cent of the background disc stellar density at corotation. Such a minimum is formed by the secular angular momentum transfer between stars and the spiral density wave on both sides of corotation. We demonstrate that the secular loss (gain) of angular momentum and decrease (increase) of mean orbital radius of stars just inside (outside) corotation can counterbalance the opposite trend of exchange of angular momentum shown by stars orbiting the librational points L4/5 at the corotation circle. Such secular processes actually allow steady spiral waves to promote radial migration across corotation. We propose some pieces of observational evidence for the minimum stellar density in the Galactic disc, such as its direct relation to the minimum in the observed rotation curve of the Galaxy at the radius r ∼ 9 kpc (for R0 = 7.5 kpc), as well as its association with a minimum in the distribution of Galactic radii of a sample of open clusters older than 1Gyr. The closeness of the solar orbit adius to the corotation resonance implies that the solar orbit lies inside a ring of minimum surface density (stellar + gas). This also implies a correction to larger values for the estimated total mass of the Galactic disc, and consequently, a greater contribution of the disc componente to the inner rotation curve of the Galaxy.

Bleaching of nonvital teeth: a clinically relevant literature review

Today, the bleaching of nonvital, discolored teeth is a low-risk routine treatment for improving esthetics. This review article focuses on the etiology of tooth discolorations, different treatment techniques, and risks of bleaching procedures. Some tooth discolorations in endodontically treated teeth are caused by dental treatments. The three most popular techniques for nonvital tooth bleaching are the walking bleach technique, inside/outside bleaching, and in-office bleaching. The walking bleach technique is a relatively reliable, fairly simple technique for dentists and patients. Inside/outside bleaching can be used additionally when internal and external bleaching must be combined. Inoffice bleaching seems to be a short-term solution, the effects of which can largely be attributed to dehydration of the teeth. There are still some open questions concerning the bleaching agents. Improved safety seems desirable with regard to adding thiourea as a scavenger of radicals or newer materials such as sodium percarbonate. The thermocatalytic technique, insufficient cervical sealing, and high concentrations of bleaching agents should be avoided, as this can increase the risk of cervical root resorptions. Patients should be informed about the low predictability of bleaching success and the risk of recurrent discoloration. The risk of cervical root resorption should be discussed with the patient. There is a strong correlation between root resorption and dental trauma.

El espacio de los sueños : 'Arriba pasa el viento' de Fernando Lorenzo

Arriba pasa el viento (1959) de Fernando Lorenzo es la novela de los sueños y las pesadillas existenciales de un pueblo errante, sin nombre. En particular, destacamos la significación del espacio, que determina las peripecias de las vidas paralelas de los protagonistas (el narrador y Tibot). Las diversas categorías de la dimensión espacial (cerca/lejos, aquí/allí, adentro/afuera) configuran el entramado discursivo, descifran la simbología y explican su significado profundo. El donde es mucho más que el escenario sobre el cual los personajes actúan: es el interlocutor que les devuelve las preguntas existenciales más importantes (¿quién soy?, ¿qué quiero hacer?). El espacio se convierte en la forma del destino que cada uno está dispuesto a vivir.

Mesh traversal and sorting for efficient memory usage in scientific codes

Applications that operate on meshes are very popular in High Performance Computing (HPC) environments. In the past, many techniques have been developed in order to optimize the memory accesses for these datasets. Different loop transformations and domain decompositions are com- monly used for structured meshes. However, unstructured grids are more challenging. The memory accesses, based on the mesh connectivity, do not map well to the usual lin- ear memory model. This work presents a method to improve the memory performance which is suitable for HPC codes that operate on meshes. We develop a method to adjust the sequence in which the data are used inside the algorithm, by means of traversing and sorting the mesh. This sorted mesh can be transferred sequentially to the lower memory levels and allows for minimum data transfer requirements. The method also reduces the lower memory requirements dra- matically: up to 63% of the L1 cache misses are removed in a traditional cache system. We have obtained speedups of up to 2.58 on memory operations as measured in a general- purpose CPU. An improvement is also observed with se- quential access memories, where we have observed reduc- tions of up to 99% in the required low-level memory size.

El límite y su reversibilidad

La propuesta busca desarrollar herramientas nuevas para entendimiento de los límites y bordes arquitectónicos. Entendiendo las características tanto físicas como psicológicas de los límites, busco que la arquitectura que se propone genere una ruptura de las simplistas contraposiciones binarias que se encuentran en la base de la comprensión arquitectónica tradicional; los conceptos de interior / exterior, dentro / fuera, sujeto / objeto, ciudad / campo, naturaleza/ artificio; son desde mi punto de vista atavismos que deben ser superados para poder producir una arquitectura acorde a los nuevos tiempos, que se adapte a las condicionantes de su entorno. Al entender que los límites encarnan la existencia de situaciones duales e hibridas, que suceden a los dos lados del límite busco aprovechar las situaciones de tensión, negación, negociación, confrontación, contraposición, etc., la propuesta busca poner en valor las características de convivencia, dialogo y relación de la ciudad tradicional. Es decir las características políticas de la polis y la civitas. Entendiendo que el hombre es un animal político por excelencia, la propuesta busca potenciar el carácter político y de socialización de la arquitectura. Por medio del entendimiento de las relaciones y espacializaciones que generan los choques cuerpos en el espacio; y la necesidad de que los límites de la arquitectura y la ciudad sean transgredidos física y programáticamente para que adquieran un carácter más dinámico y poroso que ayuden a esta relación. La propuesta introduce ejemplos de líneas de fuga y rupturas, que se puedan materializar mediante pequeñas intervenciones. Intervenciones arquitectónicas, que a pesar de sus limitados recursos formales, puedan generar resultados exponencialmente superiores que transformen las condiciones iniciales del sitio. The proposal seeks to develop new tools for the understanding of the Architectural limits and borders. By understanding of limit`s physical and psychological qualities, I seek that architecture could generate a breakdown of the simplistic binary oppositions that are at the base of the traditional Architectural understanding; concepts such as interior / exterior, inside / outside, object/subject, city/countryside, nature/artifice; They are from my point of view atavism that must be overcome in order to produce an architecture according to the times, that suit the conditions of their milieu. By understanding that limits embodies the existence of dual and hybrid situations that occur on both sides of the limit, I manage to take stressful situations of , denial, bargaining, confrontation, contrast, etc., the proposal seeks to assess the characteristics of living , dialogue and respect of the traditional city. I.e. the political characteristics of the polis and civitas. By realizing that the man is a political animal par excellence, the proposal seeks to strengthen political and socialization architectural character. Through the understanding of spatial relationships that shocking bodies generates in space; and the need for architecture and city limits get physically and programmatically transgressed to acquire a more dynamic and porous nature that helps in this relationship. The proposal introduces examples of flight lines and breaks, which can be realized through small interventions. Architectural interventions, despite his limited formal resources can generate exponentially greater results that transform the initial conditions of the site.

Un deseo moderno todavía pendiente : la casa patio, una posible técnica de agrupación de vivienda colectiva vertical

La idea de aportar a la vivienda en altura las cualidades de la casa patio, se ha estudiado durante años. Podemos decir que el origen de este análisis se inició en 1922 cuando Le Corbusier empezó a investigar a cerca de los Inmuebles Villa; sin duda sabemos que ha llegado hasta la actualidad. Ayudado por la labor de búsqueda de diferentes arquitectos a lo largo de la historia, podemos afirmar que todos los casos conforman una idea única de proyecto. La idea de agrupar casas patio en altura manteniendo las características propias de este tipo de viviendas, privacidad, espacio libre, apertura cenital, comunicación interior‐exterior… Los Inmuebles‐Villa serán repetidamente aludidos, citados o retomados como un tipo paradigmático entre las propuestas de agrupaciones de casas patio en altura. Si pensamos en el concepto tradicional de patio, denominarlo como un espacio de viviendas apiladas en altura no parece una elección adecuada, no obstante la noción de patio permite una gran cantidad de asociaciones. Su valor radica en el traslado de una idea conocida a un nuevo contexto, produciendo así una reformulación del problema. Elegimos para este proceso, la vivienda colectiva, entendiendo la colectividad como agrupación, pues es esta agrupación de vivienda la encargada de crear ciudad; así no sólo vale la pena dar importancia a una célula con su independencia, sino en la relación que estas establecen con sus semejantes. De ahí la idea de que esa colectividad de casas patio, pueda darse también en vertical, buscando las condiciones antes mencionadas. Un deseo que apareció en el Movimiento Moderno y que desde ese momento ha sido algo anhelado por la arquitectura hasta nuestros días. El patio se presenta en la mayoría de las ocasiones como un espacio con múltiples afecciones, desde el patio que aporta a la vivienda una zona de esparcimiento hasta un espacio destinado a la ventilación, aunque en definitiva, podemos decir que consiste en un espacio capaz de contener un lugar. Quizás por eso aparece de diversas formas en nuestra arquitectura, sin importar su ubicación o forma. Simplemente un espacio que aporta al interior unas características que esas viviendas nunca alcanzarían sin él. Por eso lo que conocemos como casa patio es un tipo de arquitectura que se extiende hasta la antigüedad. Ese concepto de espacio exterior incorporado a la vivienda es una de las piezas fundamentales en nuestra arquitectura. Una idea ampliamente estudiada que deja a un lado los diferentes tipos de “patio” que fueron apareciendo, así como las múltiples funciones que dichos espacios fueron capaces de llevar a cabo, primando en definitiva la forma en la que cambiaron la idea de habitar. A lo largo de este análisis se han ido hallando evidencias de los múltiples mecanismos empleados en los casos estudiados. Como se ha visto, en ellos aparecen características que únicamente pueden aparecer en un espacio exterior cuando se trata de un patio. Los patios estudiados se consideran patios tradicionales, independientemente de la cota a la que se encuentren, aunque no cumplan alguna de las características a priori necesarias para la definición de patio. Para captar la esencia de esos espacios, no es necesario traspasar sus límites, ya que ésta se irradia al interior e invade la atmósfera de los espacios contiguos. Se plantea como objetivo principal rastrear las huellas de una investigación proyectual que Le Corbusier inaugura y deja abierta; se trata de descubrir qué ecos, qué rebotes, qué repercusiones tiene el concepto de patio en altura a lo largo de su historia. En esta búsqueda de identificación de las características de estos espacios, hemos seleccionado tres casos, partiendo de las experiencias tanto en patios tradicionales como en patios en altura de tres maestros como son Le Corbusier, José Luis Sert y Charles Correa. Los casos estudiados podrían haber sido muchos más. Este número supone solo un ejemplo de un universo mayor, que ha sido operativo para el desarrollo de este trabajo. Ellos nos guiarán por su arquitectura para intentar resolver la idea de los patios en altura. Hemos analizado las influencias proyectuales existentes entre algunos de los casos que forman parte de esta reflexión, entre los que existen unos vínculos claros, que pueden ser esas claves que estamos buscando para resolver la agrupación de casa patio en altura. A través de este trabajo se ha puesto de manifiesto que la aplicación del concepto de casas patio en altura depende tanto de su ubicación, del clima y la cultura local, como el tipo de patio del que se parte. De estos conceptos surgen soluciones diferentes entre ellas y por tanto no pueden extrapolarse una sola idea a todos los casos. Algunas ideas están presentes durante toda la investigación: fachadas como resultado de la repetición de células, sucesión de espacios, plantas de casas patio tradicional, dobles alturas…Otros casos destacan por su singularidad, por haber buscado la solución del problema mediante la originalidad. En definitiva buscamos casas patio en altura. Y si esta tesis contribuye, en alguna medida, a obtener las claves para que esta tipología edificatoria funcione, de sus características, sus necesidades, y su resultado, es decir, de su búsqueda de ese deseo moderno que presentábamos al principio, será entonces que esa tipología ilusoria, sea una arquitectura real, y por lo tanto también podrá llevarse a cabo y dejar de ser un deseo para convertirse en realidad. Sera que el deseo moderno se ha cumplido. ABSTRACT The idea of giving housing the height of the patio housing qualities, it has been studied for ages. It can be said that the origin of this analysis was started in 1922, when Le Cobustier began investigating about The Villa Building: obviously it is known nowadays due to different architect’s labor of searching through the history. It’s easy to say that all the cases shape a single project idea , the idea of gathering patio houses with the same height keeping the inner characteristics of traditional patio houses such privacy, free space, zenithal opening, inside –outside communication…etc. If we thought about the traditional concept of patio, to define it, in the case of gathering because of the height, it is not suitable to consider it like a pile of houses with the same height. Nevertheless the concept of patio allows a wide variety of settlements. Its worth is based on the transference of a renowned idea into a new context, producing thus a reformulation of the problem. The patio is frequently disposed like a zone with multiple utilities, from the leisure zone patio to an air circulating space, definitively it can be said that it consists on a space which is able to content a place. Maybe that is why it appears in various forms in our architecture, regardless of its placement or shape. It is simply a space which provides many features which are impossible to reach without it. That is what we know as patio house is a type of architecture which is spread till antiquity. This concept of outdoors space joined housing is one of the main pieces of our architecture. It is an idea wide analyses which lefts aside the different types of patios which were developed, focusing mainly the way they changed the idea of inhabiting. We have chosen for this analysis process, the collective housing, we understood collective like group, thus it is the group of housing responsible to built up a city, not just it is worth to give importance to an independent cell, in addition to the relation which those ones can stablish with their similar ones. Due to the idea of collectivity of patio houses, it can be also developed in vertical, looking for the previously mention condition. A wish which appeared with the modern movement and since then it has been something desired by architecture just nowadays. It is understood as the main target to follow the trail about a project investigation which was begun and left open by Le Cobustier: the task is discovering the resonances, the bounces and repercussions which belong to the patio concept in height through its history. In this quest to distinguish the characteristics of these spaces, we have chosen three cases, starting from the experiences as traditional patios as in the height of patios of the masters such as Le Cobustier, Jose Luis Sert and Charles Correa. The studied cases could be even more. This number is just an example of a huger universe, which has been operational for the developing of this work. We will be managed through their architecture trying to solve the idea of patios according to their height. Over this analysis evidences there are found multiple mechanics used in the studied cases. As we could see later, in these ones there are characteristics which are only found in an outdoors space when it is a patio. The studied patios are considered traditional patios, independently of the level they have, although they do not fit at first some of the necessary characteristics included in a patio definition. To catch the essence of those spaces, it is not necessary to go through its limits, since it is transmitted to the interior and pervades the adjoining spaces. It has been analyzed the project influences exiting among several cases which build up part of this consideration , among them there are some clear links, which may be these keys we are looking for to solve the joint of patio houses in height. With this work it has been highlighted that the application of the patios houses in height concept depends not only on its placement, the weather and the local culture, but also on the type of patio we are using. From these considerations different solutions were given by themselves as consequence they can be extrapolated into a single idea for all the cases. Some ideas are present along the complete investigation: facades resulting from cells repetition, series of spaces, traditional patio house floor, double height… Some other cases stand out due to it singularity, because they have searched for a solution to the problem by means of originality. To sum up, we look for patio houses in height. And if this thesis contributes, in some way, to get the clues to make work this type of building, about its characteristics, its necessities and its result, in other words, its searching of this modern desire that we showed at the beginning, then this imaginary typo will be a real architecture therefore it can also come truth and can abandon the form of wish to became into a reality. So the modern desire has been fulfilled.

南スーダンにおけるハイブリッド刑事法廷設置の試み -- 外と内の論理からの考察

2011年にスーダンから独立した南スーダンは、2013年12月に政府側と反政府側との間で大規模な衝突を経験する。この衝突は、民族紛争の様相を呈し、政府および反政府の両者が、市民を巻き込む大規模な人権侵害に関与したと言われている。国際社会は、国際的な刑事裁判所の必要性を訴えるが、通常、政府の関与が疑われる中、人権侵害を捜査・訴追することを目的とした国際的な刑事司法のメカニズムを設置することは困難である。しかし、南スーダン政府は、2015年8月、南スーダンハイブリッド刑事法廷設置に言及した「南スーダンにおける衝突の解決に関する合意文書」に署名する。本稿ではハイブリッド刑事法廷をめぐる、国際社会と南スーダン政府のそれぞれの論理を紐解くことで、2015年8月合意文書にハイブリッド刑事法廷の設置が含まれ、アフリカ連合が同法廷の設置を主導していることの背景を明らかにする。

The role for police in addressing alcohol-related harm inside and outside licensed premises

Alcohol consumption is enmeshed with Australian culture (Palk, 2008) and the use and misuse of alcohol contributes to considerable health and social harms (Barbor et al., 2010; English et al., 1995; Gutjahr, Gmel, & Rehm, 2001; Palk, 2008; Steenkamp, Harrison, & Allsop, 2002). Despite shifts in the way that alcohol is consumed and how it is used, it has been reported that one-third of all alcohol consumed is done so within licensed premises (Lang, Stockwell, Rydon, & Gamble, 1992). Consequently, licensed premises are over-represented as settings in which alcohol-related harms occur. These harms, particularly those related to violence, are associated with particular licensed premises operating in the night-time economy (Briscoe & Donnelly, 2001b; Chikritzhs, Stockwell, & Masters, 1997; Homel, Tomsen, & Thommeny, 1991; Stockwell, 1997). Police have a role in not only responding to the manifestation of harms, such as crime, injuries, assaults, domestic violence, stealing and sexual offences, but they also have a role in preventing problems, and thereby reducing alcohol and other drug-related harms (Doherty & Roche, 2003). Given the extent of alcohol consumption within licensed premises and the nature and extent of the harms, as well as the lack of opportunity to influence outcomes in other settings (e.g. the home), licensed premises offer police and other stakeholders a significant opportunity to influence positively the reduction of alcoholrelated harm. This research focuses specifically on the police role in policing licensed premises. Primarily, this research aims to investigate the factors which are relevant to why and how police officers respond to alcohol-related incidents inside and outside licensed premises. It examines the attitudes and beliefs of police and assesses their knowledge, capacity and ability to effectively police licensed premises. The research methodology uses three distinct surveys. Each contributes to understanding the motivations and practice of police officers in this important area of harm reduction. Study One involved a survey of police officers within a police district (Brisbane Central District) in Queensland, Australia and used a comprehensive questionnaire involving both quantitative and qualitative techniques. A key research outcome of Study One was the finding that officers had low levels of knowledge of the strategies that are effective in addressing alcohol-related harm both inside and outside licensed premises. Paradoxically, these officers also reported extensive recent experience in dealing with alcohol issues in these locations. In addition, these officers reported that alcohol was a significant contextual factor in the majority of matters to which they responded. Officers surveyed reported that alcohol increased the difficulty of responding to situations and that licensed premises (e.g. nightclubs, licensed clubs and hotels) were the most difficult contexts to police. Those surveyed were asked to self-assess their knowledge of the Liquor Act (Qld), which is the primary legislative authority in Queensland for regulating licensed premises. Surprisingly, well over half of the officers (65%) reported ‘no’ to ‘fair’ knowledge of the Act, despite officers believing that their skill level to police such premises was in the ‘good to very good range’. In an important finding, officers reported greater skill level to police outside licensed premises than inside such premises, indicating that officers felt less capable, from a skill perspective, to operate within the confines of a licensed premise than in the environment immediately outside such premises. Another key finding was that officers reported greater levels of training in responding to situations outside and around licensed premises than to situations inside licensed premises. Officers were also asked to identify the frequency with which they employed specified regulatory enforcement and community-based strategies. Irrespective of the type of response, ‘taking no action’ or passive policing interventions were not favoured by officers. The findings identified that officers favoured taking a range of strategies (sending home, releasing into the custody of friends, etc.) in preference to arrest. In another key finding, officers generally reported their support for operational stakeholder partnership approaches to policing licensed premises. This was evidenced by the high number of officers (over 90%) reporting that there should be shared responsibility for enforcing the provisions of the Liquor Act. Importantly, those surveyed also identified the factors which constrain or prevent them from policing licensed premises. Study Two involved interviewing a small but comprehensive group (n=11) of senior managers from within the Queensland Police Service (QPS) who have responsibility for setting operational and strategic policy. The aim of this study was to examine the attitudes, perceptions and influence that senior officers (at the strategy and policy-setting level) had on the officers at the operational level. This qualitative study was carried out using a purposive sampling (Denzin & Lincoln, 2005; Guba & Lincoln, 1989), focused interview and thematic analytic approach. The interview participants were drawn from three tiers of management at district, regional as well as the whole-of-organisational level. The first key theme emerging from the study related to role, in terms of both the QPS broader organisational role, and the individual officer role with respect to the policing of licensed premises. For the QPS organisational role, participants at all three strategic levels had a high degree of congruity as to the organisations service role; that is, to enhance public safety. With respect to participants’ beliefs as to whether police officers have knowledge and understanding of their individual roles concerning licensed premises (as opposed to the QPS role), participants reported most commonly that officers had a reasonable to clear understanding of their role. Participant comments also were supportive of the view that officers operating in the research area, Brisbane Central District (BCD), had a clearer understanding of their role than police operating in other locations. The second key theme to emerge identified a disparity between the knowledge and capability of specialist police, compared with general duties police, to police licensed premises. In fact, a number of the responses to a variety of questions differentiated specialist and general police in a range of domains. One such example related to the clarity of understanding of officer role. Participants agreed that specialist police (Liquor Enforcement & Proactive Strategies [LEAPS] officers) had more clarity of understanding in terms of their role than generalist police. Participants also were strongly of the opinion that specialist police had higher skill levels to deal with issues both inside and outside licensed premises. Some participants expressed the view that general duty police undertook purely response-related activities, or alternatively, dealt with lower order matters. Conversely, it was viewed that specialist police undertook more complex tasks because of their higher levels of knowledge and skill. The third key theme to emerge concerned the identification of barriers that serve to restrict or prevent police officers from policing licensed premises. Participant responses strongly indicated that there was a diversity of resourcing barriers that restrict police from undertaking their roles in licensed premises. Examples of such barriers were the lack of police and the low ratio of police to patrons, available officer time, and lack of organisational investment in skills and knowledge acquisition. However, some participants indicated that police resourcing in the BCD was appropriate and officers were equipped with sufficient powers (policy and legislation). Again, the issue of specialist police was raised by one participant who argued that increasing the numbers of specialist police would ameliorate the difficulties for police officers policing licensed premises. The fourth and last key theme to emerge from Study Two related to the perception of senior officers regarding the opportunity and capability of officers to leverage off external partnerships to reduce harms inside and outside licensed premises. Police working in partnership in BCD was seen as an effective harm reduction strategy and strongly supported by the participants. All participants demonstrated a high degree of knowledge as to who these partners were and could identify those government, non-government and community groups precisely. Furthermore, the majority of participants also held strong views that the partnerships were reasonably effective and worked to varying degrees depending on the nature of the partnership and issues such as resourcing. These senior officers identified better communication and coordination as factors that could potentially strengthen these partnerships. This research finding is particularly important for senior officers who have the capacity to shape the policy and strategic direction of the police service, not only in Queensland but throughout Australasia. Study Three examined the perceptions of those with links to the broader liquor industry (government, non-government and community but exclusive of police) concerning their understanding of the police role and the capacity of police to reduce alcohol-related harm inside and outside licensed premises, and their attitudes towards police. Participants (n=26) surveyed represented a range of areas including the liquor industry, business represenatives and government representatives from Queensland Fire and Rescue Service, Queensland Ambulance Service, Brisbane City Council and Queensland Health. The first key theme to emerge from Study Three related to participant understanding of the QPS organisational role, and importantly, individual officer role in policing licensed premises. In terms of participant understanding of the QPS role there was a clear understanding by the majority of participants that the police role was to act in ways consistent with the law and to otherwise engage in a range of enforcement-related activities. Participants saw such activities falling into two categories. The first category related to reactive policing, which included actions around responding to trouble in licensed premises, monitoring crowd controllers and removing trouble-makers. In the second category, proactive approaches, participants identified the following activities as consistent with that approach: early intervention with offenders, support of licensed premises operators and high visibility policing. When participants were asked about their understanding of individual officer roles in the policing of licensed premises, a range of responses were received but the consistent message that emerged was that there is a different role to be played by general duty (uniformed) police compared to specialist (LEAPS Unit) police, which reflects differences in knowledge, skill and capability. The second key theme that emerged from the data related to the external participants’ views of the knowledge and capability of specialist police, compared with general duty police, to police licensed premises. As noted in the first key theme, participants were universally of the view that the knowledge, skill and capability of police in specialist units (LEAPS Unit) was at a higher level than that of general duty police. Participants observed that these specialist officers were better trained than their colleagues in generalist areas and were therefore better able to intervene knowledgeably and authoritatively to deal with problems and issues as they emerged. Participants also reported that officers working within BCD generally had a positive attitude to their duties and had important local knowledge that they could use in the resolution of alcohol-related issues. Participants also commented on the importance of sound and effective QPS leadership, as well as the quality of the leadership in BCD. On both these measures, there was general consensus from participants, who reported positively on the importance and effectiveness of such leadership in BCD. The third key theme to emerge from Study Three concerned the identification of barriers that serve to restrict or prevent police officers from policing licensed premises. Overwhelmingly, external participants reported the lack of human resources (i.e. police officers) as the key barrier. Other resourcing limitations, such as available officer time, police computer systems, and the time taken to charge offenders, were identified as barriers. Some participants identified barriers in the liquor industry such as ‘dodgy operators’ and negative media attention as limitations. Other constraints to emerge related to government and policy barriers. These were reflected in comments about the collection by government of fees from licensees and better ‘powers’ for police to deal with offenders. The fourth and final key theme that emerged from Study Three related to the opportunities for and capability of police to leverage off external partnerships to reduce harms inside and outside licensed premises. Not surprisingly, participants had a comprehensive knowledge of a broad range of stakeholders, from a diversity of contexts, influential in addressing issues in licensed premises. Many participants reported their relationships with the police and other stakeholders as effective, productive and consistent with the objectives of partnering to reduce alcohol-related harm. On the other hand, there were those who were concerned with their relationship with other stakeholders, particularly those with a compliance function (e.g. Office of Liquor & Gaming Regulation [OLGR]). The resourcing limitations of partners and stakeholders were also raised as an important constraining factor in fulfilling the optimum relationship. Again, political issues were mentioned in terms of the impact on partnerships, with participants stating that there is at times political interference and that politicians complicate the relationships of stakeholders. There are some significant strengths with respect to the methodology of this research. The research is distinguished from previous work in that it examines these critical issues from three distinct perspectives (i.e. police officer, senior manager and external stakeholder). Other strengths relate to the strong theoretical framework that guides and informs the research. There are also some identified limitations, including the subjective nature of self-report data as well as the potential for bias by the author, which was controlled for using a range of initiatives. A further limitation concerns the potential for transferability and generalisability of the findings to other locations given the distinctive nature of the BCD. These limitations and issues of transferability are dealt with at length in the thesis. Despite a growing body of literature about contextual harms associated with alcohol, and specific research concerning police intervention in such contextual harms, there is still much to learn. While research on the subject of police engaging in alcohol-related incidents has focused on police behaviours and strategies in response to such issues, there is a paucity of research that focuses on the knowledge and understanding of officers engaged in such behaviours and practices. Given the scarcity of research dealing with the knowledge, skills and attitudes of police officers responding to harms inside and outside licensed premises, this research contributes significantly to what is a recent and growing body of research and literature in the field. The research makes a practical contribution to police agencies’ understanding of officer knowledge and police practice in ways that have the potential to shape education and training agendas, policy approaches around generalist versus specialist policing, strategic and operational strategy, as well as partnership engagements. The research also makes a theoretical contribution given that the research design is informed by the Three Circle

Adsorption and dissociation of ammonia borane outside and inside single-walled carbon nanotubes : A density functional theory study

Amonia borane (AB) has been identified as a potential candidate highcapacity hydrogen storage material. This work probes the adsorption and dissociation of AB inside and outside single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) within the framework of density functional theory. The dissociation barriers of AB have been calculated and compared with that of the isolated AB molecule. On the basis of the present calculations, no notable improvement results from SWCNT confinement; on the contrary, the dissociation barrier slightly increases with respect to isolated AB.

Numerical solutions for thin film flow down the outside and inside of a vertical cylinder

We consider a model for thin film flow down the outside and inside of a vertical cylinder. Our focus is to study the effect that the curvature of the cylinder has on the gravity-driven instability of the advancing contact line and to simulate the resulting fingering patterns that form due to this instability. The governing partial differential equation is fourth order with a nonlinear degenerate diffusion term that represents the stabilising effect of surface tension. We present numerical solutions obtained by implementing an efficient alternating direction implicit scheme. When compared to the problem of flow down a vertical plane, we find that increasing substrate curvature tends to increase the fingering instability for flow down the outside of the cylinder, whereas flow down the inside of the cylinder substrate curvature has the opposite effect. Further, we demonstrate the existence of nontrivial travelling wave solutions which describe fingering patterns that propagate down the inside of a cylinder at constant speed without changing form. These solutions are perfectly analogous to those found previously for thin film flow down an inclined plane.