Bens credenciais e poder de mercado : um estudo econométrico da indústria farmacêutica brasileira

The Brazilian pharmaceutical industry has always been targeted by the society, due to the ethical drugs’ high weight in the families’ consumption budgets (especially within the poorer ones) and price raises traditionally above inflation (when the government does not run a price control). The present article aims to organize the debate on regulation for this industry. We review the literature on market failures and regulation solutions adopted for this industry worldwide and try to relate empirically drug prices to some explaining variables, based on original microdata. We find that, similarly to previous U.S. estimations, Brazilian leading brand name drugs – before a 1999 law, which created officially the generic drug defined by its bioequivalence to the reference drug, and a massive advertisement campaign for spreading use of generic drugs, run by the Ministry of Health – accommodated entry and share growth of the followers by raising their prices and catering to a more inelastic market segment. As opposed, the followers reduce relative prices when they lose market. Therefore, a fall of the concentration index in a particular segment has ambiguous effects: if it is due to reduced leader power, the followers raise their relative prices; if it is due to a tougher competition within the fringe, relative prices tend to go down.

Entry and externality : hydroelectric generators in Brazil

This work analyzes the entry problem in the hydroelectric generation industry. The operation of a generator upstream regularizes the river flow for generators located downstream on the same river, increasing the production capacity of the latter. This positive externality increases the attractiveness of the locations downstream whenever a generator decides to enter upstream. Therefore, the entry decision of a generator in a given location may affect all entry decisions in potential locations for plants downstream. I first model the problem of generators located in cascade on the same river to show the positive effect of the externality. Next, I develop a method to estimate an entry model specific to the hydro generation industry which takes into account the externality of the entry decisions. Finally, I use a data set on investment decisions of Brazilian hydro-generators to estimate the model. The results show a positive incentive to locate downstream from existing plants and from locations where entry is likely to occur. An interesting by-product of the analysis is that the year effects’ estimates show an increase one year before the energy crisis of 2001, providing evidence that the market anticipated the crisis. It contradicts the governmental version that the crisis was due to an unexpected drought.

Análise de impactos ambientais e econômicos em transporte multimodal

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil - FEIS

Hugo Bettarello e a Agabê: da modernidade almejada aos calçados made in Brazil (1945-1980)

Pós-graduação em História - FCHS

Análise termodinâmica, termoeconômica e econômica de uma usina sucroalcooleira para diferentes mix de produção

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEIS

Incorporação de novas tecnologias no setor sucroalcooleiro: produção de hidrogênio e aumento da oferta de eletricidade

This work studies the incorporation of new technologies in the sugarcane sector. Are considered the ethanol steam reforming and the gasification of sugarcane bagasse(by-product) processes associated with combined cycle systems (Gas Turbine + Steam Turbine), aggregating hydrogen production and increased electricity supply in the sector, respectively. To verify the technical feasibility of the incorporation processes was performed a thermodynamic analysis, considering data from a typical Brazilian Sugar Cane Industry. In another step the economic viability study of the hydrogen production process was made, with consideration on hydrated and anhydrous ethanol steam reform, comparing the cost of hydrogen production. Also considered studies of economic engineering of the gasification process and the generation of electricity associated. As conclusions, it follows that the ethanol steam reforming is a great alternative for hydrogen production, presenting production cost relatively low, especially when is considered the steam reforming of hydrated ethanol. For the gasification process associated with combined cycle, can be observed an increase of 8.56 times of the electricity production in the sugar cane industry, indicating a positive annual saving when the sales price of the supply electricity is greater than 0.070 US$/kWh. Finally it can be concluded that the incorporation of these new processes allow greater profitability and operational flexibility of Brazilian sugarcane mills

A organização de negócios por contrato de terceirização: uma aplicação à industria de tecnologia de informação no Brasil

Como resultado da ênfase na minimização da dependência de fornecedores e na maximização do poder de barganha do contratante, os modelos tradicionais de terceirização têm-se restringido à gestão da estrutura de suprimento da atividade-meio. Esta pesquisa tem por propósito contribuir para a mudança desse paradigma tradicional de decisão de terceirização, descrevendo como os modelos de cooperação no relacionamento contratual podem capitalizar as decisões na atividade dos negócios com eficácia, flexibilidade e adaptabilidade. Esta pesquisa em trinta e sete firmas, engajadas em contratos de terceirização da tecnologia de informação no Brasil, tem por propósito examinar a barreira do relacionamento na transação com ativos específicos e a explicar porque os modelos tradicionais ignoram o processo de relacionamento nas análises de decisão de comprar ou fazer atividades da cadeia de valor. Integrando-se a teoria econômica dos custos de transação com a teoria da organização, a teoria de agência e a teoria jurídica dos contratos, introduziuse nesta pesquisa um modelo de análise e gestão de relacionamento contratual que complementa as abordagens neoclásslcas.

La Formación Corumbataí y su importancia en la industria cerámica del estado de São Paulo - Brasil

El desarrollo acelerado del polo cerámico de Santa Gertrudes (provincia de São Paulo) en la década de 90, fue causado principalmente por la localización privilegiada de la materia prima asociada al desarrollo tecnológico, las grandes reservas, el acceso fácil por autopistas que facilitan la distribución de los productos y la proximidad de los grandes centros consumidores. Este desarrollo facilitó que este Polo tuviera un boom en el inicio de 2007 en la fase de madurez con una producción de 367 millones de metros cuadrados, transformándose así en el mayor polo cerámico de las Américas. de acuerdo con los estudios geológicos realizados en este trabajo, las rocas de la Formación Corumbataí, origen de la materia prima usada en el polo cerámico, fueron clasificadas en cinco litofacies: maciza, laminada, intercalada I, intercalada II y alterada. Estas litofacies, por sus características mineralógicas y químicas, fueron consideradas arcillas illíticas con porcentaje medio de fundentes. Tomando como referencia las Normas para baldosas cerámicas, las características cerámicas obtenidas en el laboratorio demostraron que la mayoría de la materia prima es compatible con el grupo BIIb (Absorción de agua entre 6 y 10%).

Investimento e reformas no Brasil: industria e infra-estructura nos anos 1990

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Industria farmacéutica y farmoquímica: desarrollo histórico y posibilidades futuras: Argentina, Brasil y México

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La transformación de la industria automotriz argentina: su integración con Brasil

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La industria del calzado del Vale do Sinos, Brasil: ajuste competitivo de un sector intensivo en mano de obra

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Empresas transnacionales y cambios estructurales en la industria de Argentina, Brasil, Chile y México

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