Development and humanitarian assistance programs, FY 1973 presentation to the Congress, program and project data: Latin America.

Cover title.

Humanitarian assistance under fire.

"May 21, 1986."

Cambodia : AID's management of humanitarian assistance programs : report to Congressional requesters /

"B-244720"--P. 1.

Good practice in microfinance: the challenges of a poverty focus in an evolving industry

The awarding of the 2006 Nobel Peace prize to Grameen Bank founder Muhammad Yunus has further highlighted how microfinance has come to be regarded as a significant and effective tool in making finance available to the poor. However, much debate still centres on both how microfmance should be delivered and its effectiveness measured. Microfinance funding is not something that should be undertaken lightly, and an awareness of all the cogent issues is essential for any donor looking to undertake effective microfinance programming. This chapter will outline some of the key arguments in the contested debate on effective microfinance programming. It will focus on a discussion of poverty and impact assessments and argues that the effective funding of microfinance is dependent on the ability of an NGO to recognise the many forms which micro finance can take and direct their funding accordingly.

Building indicators in media assistance; four ways evaluation reports present “change”

The international aid and development community has supported programs that aim to build the capacity of media professionals or contribute to an enabling environment throughout the past 20 years. However, two decades on from the first modern media assistance programs, the sector is still struggling to identify, measure and understand the changes effected by their programs. There are questions raised as to whether it is even feasible to identify impacts on society and governance. This paper draws on some preliminary findings from a comparative thematic analysis of 47 evaluation documents of media assistance programs. The aim of this analysis is to identify trends in impact evaluation practice in the media assistance field, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of different evaluation approaches. This paper presents four types of social change claims commonly presented in reports; hypothetical changes, introduction of new opportunities, concrete examples of immediate impacts, and analysis of ongoing social and political changes. Although these types may appear as a spectrum from weak to strong, the interactions are perhaps more accurately understood using metaphors such as building blocks. This paper explores these types in more detail and suggests that a robust set of impacts-types could be useful in developing more grounded theories of change and indicators.

Mortality, malnutrition and the humanitarian response to the food crises in Lesotho

Background: At the height of the food crisis in southern Africa, the Government of Lesotho declared a state of famine and emergency in April 2002 and launched a Famine Relief Appeal for over $137 million. World Vision, in partnership with the World Food Program, became involved in December 2002 providing food aid to affected communities.
Objective: to document mortality rates, causes of death, malnutrition prevalence, and the proportion of lost pregnancies after almost three years of humanitarian response to the food crisis in Lesotho and to propose a way forward.
Design: A two-stage, 30 cluster household survey was undertaken in three districts from the 16th to the 26th of May 2005, with a sample size of 3610 people.
Results: The crude mortality rate (CMR) of 0.8/10,000/day (95%CI: 0.7-0.9). The reported CMR was significantly lower than the CMR emergency threshold (<1/10,000/day). Using 2000 as a pre-drought baseline, 38528 excess deaths occurred between 2000 and 2005. The under-five mortality rate (U5MR) of 3.2 deaths/10,000/day (95%CI: 2.8-3.6/10,000/day) was 4 times the reported CMR and 1.4 times higher the U5MR emergency threshold for sub-Saharan Africa (2.3/10,000/day). CMR was lower among food aid beneficiaries (0.68; 95%CI: 0.57-0.79) than non-beneficiaries (1.42; 95%CI: 1.13-1.70). This was also true for U5MR (2.94; 95%CI: 2.39-3.50 versus 6.44; 95%CI: 5.21-7.68). The prevalence of wasting increased from 5.4% to 12% while that of stunting declined from 45.4% to 36.2% between 2000 and 2005, but the nutritional status did not vary by beneficiary status.
Conclusion: Despite the alarming U5MR, findings suggest that the food aid program ensured survival mainly among adults. The situation could have been catastrophic in the absence of humanitarian assistance.

Assessing the legitimacy of humanitarian intervention : purpose, authority and means

This study looked at military deployments that seek to promote human rights, including operations in Somalia, Rwanda and Kosovo. While a legitimate humanitarian purpose and international authority for these missions can be demonstrated, finding the appropriate means of action - or how to best conduct the operation - remains very difficult, ensuring similar future missions will remain controversial.

Wings of hope : the U.S. Air Force and humanitarian airlift operations /

Mode of access: Internet.

From Civil Strife to Civil Society: civil and military responsibilities in disrupted states

"The 1990s saw the United Nations, the militaries of key member states, and NGOs increasingly entangled in the complex affairs of disrupted states. Whether as deliverers of humanitarian assistance or as agents of political, social, and civic reconstruction, whether in Somalia, Bosnia, Kosovo, or East Timor, these actors have had to learn ways of interacting with each other in order to optimize the benefits for the populations they seek to assist. Yet the challenges have proved daunting. Civil and military actors have different organizational cultures and standard operating procedures and are confronted with the need to work together to perform tasks to which different actors may attach quite different priorities."--BOOK JACKET.

Introduction

The 1990s saw the United Nations, the militaries of key member states, and NGOs increasingly entangled in the complex affairs of disrupted states. Whether as deliverers of humanitarian assistance or as agents of political, social, and civic reconstruction, whether in Somalia, Bosnia, Kosovo, or East Timor, these actors have had to learn ways of interacting with each other in order to optimize the benefits for the populations they seek to assist. Yet the challenges have proved daunting. Civil and military actors have different organizational cultures and standard operating procedures and are confronted with the need to work together to perform tasks to which different actors may attach quite different priorities. From Civil Strife to Civil Society explores the nature of these challenges, blending the experience of scholars and practitioners. It is underpinned by an understanding that recovery from disruption is a laborious process that can easily be de-railed. The first part of the book offers a rigorous examination of the dimensions of state disruption and the roles of the international community in responding to it; the second part looks at military doctrine for dealing with disorder and humanitarian emergencies; the third part examines mechanisms for ending violence and delivering justice in post-conflict times; the fourth part investigates the problems of rebuilding trust and promoting democracy; the fifth part deals with the reconstitution of the rule of law; while the sixth and seventh parts address the reestablishment of social and civil order.

The protection and security of vulnerable populations in complex emergencies using the Dadaab refugee camps in the north eastern province of Kenya as a case study

The past two decades has seen a dramatic upheaval in the international world order: the end of the Cold War, the 9/11 attacks and the subsequent 'War on Terror', increased Jihadist activities, the accelerated pace of globalization, climate change and the 2008 global financial crisis have contributed to fear, uncertainty, poverty, conflict, massive displacements of populations of asylum seekers and refugees globally and a proliferation of Protracted Refugee Situations (PRS), defined as situations in which refugees have been in exile 'for 5 years or more after their initial displacement, without immediate prospects for implementation of durable solutions. In the past two decades there has been a huge proliferation of these with more than 7.2 million refugees now trapped in these PRS, with a further 16 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) trapped in camps within their own countries. The Dadaab refugee complex in Kenya, which of as March 2012, holds over 463,000 refugees, is the most significant and extreme example in recent times of a PRS. It was established in 1991 following the collapse of the Somali Government of Dictator Siad Barre, and the disintegration of Somalia into the chaos that still exists today. PRS such as Dadaab raise particular issues about humanitarianism in terms of aid, protection, security, human rights and the actions (or inaction) of the various stakeholders on an international, national and local level. This thesis investigates these issues by the use of a case study methodology on Dadaab as a PRS, framed in the context of humanitarianism and in particular the issues that arise in terms of how the international community, the UN system and individual states provide assistance and protection to vulnerable populations. Although the refugee camps have been in existence (as of 2012) for over 20 years, there has never been such a detailed study of Dadaab (or any other PRS) undertaken to date and would be of interest to academics in the areas of international relations, refugee/migration studies and global Governance as well as practitioners in both humanitarian response and development

Haití en (re) construcción: análisis del papel de las organizaciones de cooperación internacional en la etapa de asistencia humanitaria en el sector educativo, campo de refugiados corail 2010

Este es un estudio de caso en el que se pretende describir la participación de la Cooperación Internacional en los proyectos de Educación en el campo de refugiados Corail localizado en Puerto Principe, Haiti, durante la etapa de asistencia humanitaria en el año 2010. Dicha participación surgió en el ámbito del terremoto de 7.0 grados en la Escala de Richter, ocurrido el 12 de enero de 2010, cuando, según informes del gobierno, 222.570 personas perdieron la vida.

La actuación de la comunidad internacional frente a desastres naturales. Estudio de caso: cooperación internacional humanitaria y de emergencia hacia Japón luego del terremoto y tsunami del 11 de marzo de 2011

Este trabajo pretende mostrar el manejo que le da la comunidad internacional a los desastres naturales, a partir del envío de cooperación humanitaria y de emergencia. Para ello se realizó un estudio de caso de Japón y la ayuda que recibió luego del terremoto y tsunami del 11 de marzo de 2011. Esta tesis está dividida en 4 partes: el primer capítulo está dedicado a Japón, en este se pretende mostrar la vulnerabilidad del país frente a los desastres y los problemas que afrontó luego de la emergencia. El segundo capítulo está dedicado a la cooperación humanitaria y de emergencia, mostrando las distintas estrategias en esta materia que tienen los actores de la comunidad internacional. En el tercer capítulo se muestra el tipo de ayuda humanitaria que se envió a Japón por parte de la comunidad internacional frente a las principales necesidades y problemas de su población. Finalmente se establecen una serie de conclusiones que muestran como se dio el envío de la ayuda, si esta fue oportuna y si el manejo que dio el gobierno de Japón fue el adecuado.

Análisis crítico del concepto de seguridad humana en relación con la actuación de la MINUEE (Misión de Naciones Unidas Para Etiopía y Eritrea). Período 1998-2008

La monografía buscó realizar un análisis crítico del concepto de Seguridad Humana en relación con la actuación de la MINUEE en el período de guerra(1998-2000) y luego del retiro de la Misión (Julio de 2008), para establecer una crítica constructiva al funcionamiento de las OMP de la ONU, determinar los aciertos y desaciertos de la Misión en el uso del concepto de Seguridad Humana y sus múltiples dimensiones definidas en el PNUD(Seguridad: de la comunidad, de la salud, política, alimentaria, ambiental y personal) y comprender por qué la Misión fracasó en su intento de dirimir la crisis humanitaria y dar fin al conflicto.

Estudio de caso. “el papel de los refugiados en la implementación de la política de libre circulación de la cedeao: visto desde el flujo de Liberia a Ghana”

Este estudio de caso tiene como objetivo determinar las implicaciones del flujo de población refugiada en la implementación de la política de libre circulación de la CEDEAO; tomando como referente el flujo desde Liberia hacia Ghana generado por la Guerra Civil. Esta investigación defiende que las implicaciones pueden estar relacionadas a las dinámicas que se asocian al movimiento de personas, las cuales pueden ser negativas o positivas, razón por la cual los Estados pueden reaccionar endureciendo las políticas migratorias, la obtención de permisos laborales y de residencia, y el cierre de fronteras o la expulsión de refugiados; con el fin de evitar consecuencias a nivel político, económico o en materia de seguridad. Para comprobar lo anterior se va a realizará un análisis de texto, sobre posiciones nacionales y políticas comunitarias, así como una revisión de estudios y estadísticas relacionados con el tema.