Teatro y traducción (inglés-español). Análisis comparativo de traducciones comerciales. Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?

El presente trabajo se centra en un análisis comparativo en varios niveles de las traducciones producidas a partir de la obra teatral Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (Albee 1962): las de Marcelo De Ridder, José Méndez y Alberto Mira, realizadas con distintos fines y en momentos histórico culturales diferenciados. Asimismo hemos integrado en la comparación la adaptación cinematográfica y los correspondientes textos audiovisuales en inglés y en español, con el fin de ofrecer una visión más inclusiva del modo en que se ha generado esta cadena textual. Para manejar el mencionado corpus, nos hemos valido de herramientas informáticas. Por un lado, el programa TRACEAligner ha resultado de gran utilidad para alinear los textos teatrales. Por otro lado, SubRip ha posibilitado la extracción del subtitulado en inglés y en español del DVD, que después hemos organizado en una tabla bitextual. A través de una metodología fundamentada en estudios de investigación relevantes, hemos examinado el corpus desde una perspectiva extratextual, macroestructural, microestructural e intersistémica. Esto nos ha permitido interrelacionar las traducciones en aspectos tan importantes como los factores contextuales que afectan a su producción, las características de las publicaciones (o del libreto inédito), la transferencia de las unidades estructurales y argumentales, la correspondencia con rasgos de distintos tipos de traducciones, los fenómenos de traducción con mayor incidencia o las adaptaciones derivadas de los procesos de censura. Gracias a la comparación de estos temas, se pueden apreciar las características distintivas de cada texto. Otro asunto que se trata a lo largo del análisis es la identificación del texto fuente de cada traducción, especialmente de la de Méndez. Hemos tratado de demostrar que Méndez parte del texto norteamericano, no de la traducción de Ridder, como se ha sugerido (Espejo 1998: 111 112). Por último, recogemos una serie de conclusiones que pretenden verter luz sobre las cuestiones planteadas en la introducción.

Plan de cuidados de enfermeria

La enfermedad de Crohn (EC) es un proceso inflamatorio crónico del aparato digestivo, principalmente de origen desconocido pero con factores genéticos y ambientales que aumentan el riesgo de padecerla. Algunas personas presentan períodos prolongados de remisión, que alternan con fases de actividad (brote), mientras que otros padecen síntomas continuos durante años a pesar de recibir un tratamiento adecuado. Los signos y síntomas comunes incluyen dolor abdominal, diarrea, fiebre y pérdida de peso, pudiendo afectar a personas de cualquier edad, aunque la mayoría de los pacientes son adultos jóvenes entre los 16 y los 40 años. No existe una “cura” para esta enfermedad, sin embargo, la terapia médica permite la remisión clínica de la patología y alivio de síntomas, aumentando la calidad de vida del paciente. Actualmente se recurre a un nuevo grupo de fármacos conocidos como agentes biológicos, ante pacientes que no responden a tratamiento médico convencional, que se utilizan para inducir y/o mantener la remisión. Siendo la EC una patología crónica que afecta a un número significativo de personas, cuya calidad de vida puede verse mermada profundamente, se propone un plan de cuidados individualizado (PCI) para un caso clínico de un paciente con la EC con el objetivo de fomentar la calidad de vida de estas personas. Este plan de cuidados se apoya en el modelo conceptual de Virginia Henderson (modelo de suplencia y ayuda) siguiendo una metodología enfermera (el proceso de atención de enfermería) y un lenguaje universal estandarizado mediante la interrelación de las taxonomías NANDA-I, NIC, NOC.

Imagens do feminino na vida e obra de Virginia Woolf

Em seu ensaio de 1924, Mr Bennet and Mrs. Brown, Virginia Woolf declara que por volta de 1910 o caráter humano mudara. A presente tese, seguindo o apontamento da ensaísta Woolf, pretende entender as mudanças promovidas nas duas primeiras décadas do século XX, na Inglaterra, a partir da vida dos artistas e amigos que ficariam eternizados como o Bloomsbury Group. Em nossa primeira parte, apontaremos em que sentido, ao adotar o método pós-impressionista, o Bloomsbury Group alarga as discussões da teoria do conhecimento que fervilhava em Cambridge. Análogo ao silêncio dos quadros, agora totalmente formalistas, apontaremos que a linguagem de resistência de Bloomsbury parece ter sido antecipada pela vida de duas de suas artistas: elas são a própria Virginia Woolf e sua irmã, Vanessa Bell. A partir dessa suposição, de que haja uma conexão entre a vida das mulheres de Bloomsbury e a natureza refratária do grupo, começaremos uma discussão, já em nossa segunda parte, de como o silêncio que marca o feminino construído historicamente ganha um status de uma nova linguagem na prosa de Virginia Woolf. Nesse momento, tal silêncio da prosa parece comparável à própria linguagem poética, e aqui Virginia Woolf dialoga com o futuro, representado por Jean-Paul Sartre. Após marcarmos o que seria a prosa poética, ou poesia prosaica, de Woolf, apontaremos por fim a relação entre essa escrita do silêncio e o conceito de mente andrógina em Virginia Woolf, relação esta mediada pelo movimento que seria chamado de écriture féminine, representado pela francófona Hélène Cixous, entre outras

Estimating consumption rates of juvenile sandbar sharks (Carcharhinus plumbeus) in Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, using a bioenergetics model*

Using a bioenergetics model, we estimated daily ration and seasonal prey consumption rates for six age classes of juvenile sandbar sharks (Carcharhinus plumbeus) in the lower Chesapeake Bay summer nursery area. The model, incorporating habitat and species-specific data on growth rates, metabolic rate, diet composition, water temperature (range 16.8−27.9°C), and population structure, predicted mean daily rations between 2.17 ±0.03 (age-0) and 1.30 ±0.02 (age-5) % body mass/day. These daily rations are higher than earlier predictions for sandbar sharks but are comparable to those for ecologically similar shark species. The total nursery population of sandbar sharks was predicted to consume ~124,000 kg of prey during their 4.5 month stay in the Chesapeake Bay nursery. The predicted consumption rates support the conclusion that juvenile sandbar sharks exert a lesser top-down effect on the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem than do teleost piscivores and hu

The Bait Purse-seine Fishery for Atlantic Menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus, in the Virginia Portion of Chesapeake Bay

Through the mid 1990’s, the bait purse-seine fishery for Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus, in the Virginia portion of Chesapeake Bay was essentially undocumented. Beginning in 1995, captains of Virginia bait vessels maintained deck logs of their daily fishing activities; concurrently, we sampled the bait landings for size and age composition of the catch. Herein, we summarize 15 years (1995–2009) of data from the deck logbooks, including information on total bait landings by purse seine, proportion of fishing to nonfishing days, proportion of purse-seine sets assisted by spotter pilots, nominal fishing effort, median catches, and temporal and areal trends in catch. Age and size composition of the catch are described, as well as vessel and gear characteristics and disposition of the catch.

Reproductive seasonality, fecundity, and spawning frequency of tautog (Tautoga onitis) in the lower Chesapeake Bay and coastal waters of Virginia

The tautog, Tautoga onitis (Linnaeus), ranges from Nova Scotia to South Carolina and has become a popular target for recreational and commercial fisheries. Although tautog are a multiple spawning species, reproductive potential, measured as annual fecundity, has not been estimated previously with methods (batch fecundity, spawning frequency) necessary for a species with indeterminate annual fecundity. A total of 960 tautog were collected from the mouth of the Rappahannock River in the lower Chesapeake Bay to 45 km offshore of Virginia’s coastline to investigate tautog reproductive biology in the southern portion of the species range. Tautog did not exhibit a 1:1 sex ratio; 56% were females. Male tautog reached 50% maturity at 218 mm TL, females at 224 mm TL. Tautog spawned from 7 April 1995 to 15 June 1995, at locations from the York River to 45 km offshore. Batch fecundity estimates ranged from 2800 to 181,200 eggs per spawning for female tautog age 3–9, total length 259– 516 mm. Mean batch fecundity ±SEM for female tautog ages 4–6 was 54,243 ±2472 eggs and 106,256 ±3837 eggs for females ages 7–9. Spawning frequency was estimated at 1.2 days, resulting in 58 spawning days per female in 1995. Estimates of potential annual fecundity for tautog ages 3–9 ranged from 160,000 to 10,510,000 eggs.

Rediscovery of Philyra verrucosa Henderson, 1893 (Crustacea, Decapoda) from Karachi waters (northern Arabian Sea)

Philyra v. was established as a new species by Henderson in 1893 and later recorded by Alcock in 1896. A detailed description is presented.

Note on Nematopalaemon tenuipes (Henderson, 1893) (Crustacea:Palaemonidae) from the Pakistan coast of Arabian Sea

On a few occasions palaemonid shrimps turned up in the collections from the Karachi fish harbour. The specimens resembled Nematopalaemon tenuipes (Henderson, 1893) but for the walking legs which were invariably missing or incomplete, in the latter case the dactyli were broken at or just near the base. The only reference from Pakistan is in context to its distribution (Holthuis and Miguel, 1984). The abbreviation cl. is used in the text for the carapace length measuring from the orbit to the posterior margin of the carapace.

Population dynamics and stock assessment of the spider prawn, Nematopalaemon tenuipes Henderson along the Maharashtra coast

Nematopalaemon tenuipes is an important component of non-penaeid prawn resources of the northwest coast of India. During 1979-82 period, it contributed 29.9% to the non-penaeid prawn and 5.6% to the total fish landings of Maharashtra. The von Bertalanffy growth parameter L∞, K and t(sub)0 were 77.38 mm, 1.31 and -0.02 year for the males while for the females these parameters were respectively 87.23 mm, 1.30 and -0.01 year. The natural mortality coefficient (M) was 3.54 and 3.52 and the average total mortality coefficient (Z) during the period was 9.09 and 7.79 for the males and females respectively. With the exploitation rates of 0.61 and 0.55 for the males and females during the period, the total stock of the species was 26,270 tonnes and the standing stock was 3,418 tonnes. The maximum sustainable yield (MSY) of the species under the prevailing fishing conditions was 15,744 tonnes which is close to the average yield of 14,726 tonnes from the nets. Hence further increase in effort is not suggested.

The rediscovery of Notopoides latus Henderson in the western Indian Ocean (Crustacea-Decapoda, Raninidae)

The small brachyuran family Raninidae Dana is represented in the Indo-West Pacific region by eight genera, with only some twenty species. One of the least known genera is Notopoides, which contains only a single species. This genus was first described by Henderson (1888) on the basis of material collected by H.M.S. "Challenger" from the Kei Islands, in the Banda sea off Indonesia. There have been no subsequent reports of this species in the ninety seven years since its original discovery. During the course of the study of the benthic fauna off the coast of East Africa, the Fisheries Research Vessel "Manihine" obtained five specimens of this rare species. These new records, collected during a short period of time, indicate that the species is probably not uncommon in this region, which also represents a great increase in its known geographical range. Specimens have been deposited in the collections of the National Museum, Nairobi, the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, and the National Museum, Singapore: Catalogue numbers are crust. 1092 ; Crust. D. 28567; NMS. 1972.8.4.1, male of 35x26 respectively.

Reconhecimento oficial de área livre do nematóide Anguina tritici (Steinbuch, 1799) Chitwood, 1935, no estado de Virginia; EUA, para exportação de trigo para o Brasil.

2002

The church's mission to the mountaineers of the South / by Archdeacon Neve, of Virginia, Archdeacon Spurr, of West Virginia, Archdeacon Wentworth, diocese of Lexington, Reverend S.C. Hughson, O.H.C., of Sewanee, Tenn., Reverend E.N. Joyner, diocese of Asheville, and Reverend W.S. Claiborne ; compiled by the Rev. Walter Hughson of the district of Asheville.

http://purl.oclc.org/KUK/KDL/B92-151-29579531