Development and implementation of Taiwan's child health literacy test

Objectives: The aims of this study were to develop Taiwan's Child Health Literacy Test and to undertake a nation-wide survey in order to determine the current status of Taiwanese sixth graders' health literacy, and to understand the association between health literacy, healthy behavior, and health status. absp Methods: Taiwan's Child Health Literacy Test was developed through the process of concept clarification, a qualitative pilot, a development pilot, and a field test. In the field test, 162,609 sixth graders (56.9%) from 2,235 schools (83.3%) nationwide completed the questionnaire. We also collected the students' dates of birth, BMIs, self-reported health and healthy behaviors. absp Results: The final test consisted of 32 questions with item discrimination of 0.55-1.89 and item difficulty of-1.7-0.41 according to IRT; Cronbach's a was 0.87. Based on this information, the test was deemed appropriate for basic health literacy screening among children. Nation-wide, the average score for sixth graders' health literacy was 23.97 points (total score 32 points), with a correct rate of 74.9%. Those who were "good" in self-reported health scored highest in health literacy (M = 24.29). Health literacy was significantly positively related to healthy behavior (r = .25, p< .05), and negatively to risky behavior (r =-.28, p< .05). absp Conclusions: This study was the first curriculum-based child health literacy test developed from the viewpoints of both teachers and pupils in Taiwan through a rigorous procedure. The nationwide survey results may serve as a reference for decision-makers at the national health education level.

Estilo de vida individual de universitários jovens com excesso de peso da Universidade Católica de Murcia-Espanha

Individual lifestyle includes health and risk behaviors that can altar health status. Excess weight is a public health problem of modern civilization and there is an estimated mean prevalence of 45% in European countries. In Spain, the Murcia Region is an area of high morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disorders. In this study we assess the differences in health and risk behaviors in ove/weight and normal weight undergraduates at the Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM). Methods: Transversal design of parallel groups (overweight - cases and normal weight - control) , formed using the anthropometric technique. A questionnaire applied to a sample of 471 undergraduates of either sex, between the ages of 18 and 29 years, enrolled in 4 bachelor degree courses (ADE, CA, PER, PUB) at UCAM. We performed a standardized measurement of body mass (weight in kg), height (in meters) using a Seca® scale with calibrated stadiometer, waist and hip circumferences (in cm) with an inelastic tape and skinfolds thickness (triceps and subscapular in mm) with a Holtain® caliper, to calculate body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and the sum of skinfolds (SSF). We applied a lifestyle questionnaire about alcohol and tobacco consumption, knowledge and behaviors related to health indicators (arterial pressure and cholesterol), diet and physical activity. The information was collected in April and May, 2001 at the UCAM laboratory of Applied Nutrition. Statistical analysis: analysis of independent groups, contingency tables that reveal which qualitativa variables show differences and associations between the groups, Pearson's chi-square,and a significance levei of p < 0.05 followed by a residual analysis (1.96). Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were used to establish the two groups: case and contrai with 65 men and 26 women each who had BMI < 25 kg/m2. Results: A total of 65 of the men assessed (14%) and 26 (6%) of the women were overweight. Mean body mass index of the case group was 27. 78 ±: 2.83 kg/m2 in the men and 26.26 ± 1.37 kg/m2 in the women, while contrai group men had mean BMI of 22.36 ± 1.72 kg/m2, while for the women it was 20.76 ±: 2.13 kg/m2. The self-declared values of weight and height were underestimated, but with high accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. Thus, these can be used to calculate the BMI of overweight Spanish undergraduates. Regular vigorous physical activity was observed only in normal weight men. The analysis showed the following significant differences for the qualitativa variables of the two groups. The contrai group was interested in arterial hypertension, believed that they were not overweight, that they had no abdominal fat, and had not considered controlling 'fatty food consumption. Those who thought of controlling it sometimes, did so without professional help. However, part of the overweight group believed that they were overweight and had abdominal fat between average and considerable, had often or always considered controlling fatty foods and had often or always tried to control consumption with the help of professionals. They had always thought of engaging in physical activities, unlike the normal weight individuals. Nearly all (95%) of the overweight undergraduates and most (75%) of the normal weight group reported that they sometimes or always controlled fatty food ingestion. Mean physical activity was nearly twice as high in the summer than in the winter. Conclusions: The overweight undergraduates in this sample displayed a lifestyle with a greater number of healthy behaviors when compared to normal weight individuals

Efeitos do treino de automonitoração e do treino de relato verbal no estabelecimento e na manutenção de comportamentos de seguir regras nutricionais em adultos com obesidade

A obesidade é uma doença epidêmica, crônica, multifatorial e de alto risco, que afeta milhões de pessoas e provoca uma série de prejuízos sociais, emocionais e econômicos. A análise do comportamento busca compreender os comportamentos do indivíduo obeso que propiciam o surgimento e a manutenção desta condição e as relações deste indivíduo com o seu meio ambiente. Tradicionalmente, pesquisas sobre o tratamento da obesidade, embora utilizem estratégias comportamentais como o registro em automonitoração e treino de relato verbal, em geral enfatizam resultados não comportamentais como critério de sucesso no tratamento (ex. perda de peso). Todavia, alguns autores defendem o uso de critérios comportamentais nos tratamentos de saúde que resultem em melhorias na qualidade de vida, enfatizando a construção de repertórios saudáveis ao invés da eliminação de comportamentos ditos desadaptativos. Baseado no modelo construcional de Goldiamond, este estudo teve como objetivo verificar os efeitos de um treino em automonitoração e em relato verbal no estabelecimento e na manutenção, em curto prazo, de comportamentos de seguir regras nutricionais em adultos com obesidade. Participaram da pesquisa duas mulheres adultas com obesidade, em tratamento em uma clínica nutricional particular, e com dificuldades de adesão à dieta. A coleta de dados foi realizada em ambiente disponibilizado pelas participantes, predominantemente em ambiente domiciliar, em dias alternados, sendo constituída por cinco etapas: (1) Entrevistas de Linha de Base para identificação do repertório alimentar inicial; (2) Intervenção, realizada por meio de duas condições: (I) Treino de Automonitoração e (II) Treino de Relato Verbal; (3) Manutenção em curto prazo; (4) Follow-up; e (5) Encerramento: Entrevista Final, para avaliação dos resultados obtidos. Na condição I utilizou-se registros de automonitoração e de planejamento das refeições, enquanto que na condição II utilizou-se o relato verbal para o planejamento e o acesso à refeição-alvo realizada no dia anterior à entrevista. Em todas as entrevistas de intervenção foram conduzidas análises da consistência entre o registro/relato da refeição-alvo e as regras descritas no plano alimentar; análises dos custos e benefícios dos comportamentos de seguir ou não as regras nutricionais e identificação das variáveis determinantes para a emissão ou não dos comportamentos de seguir as regras nutricionais. Os treinos foram realizados com apenas uma refeição de cada vez até que se atingisse um dos critérios de mudança de refeição-alvo, sendo o principal a ocorrência de 60% de adesão em três entrevistas consecutivas. Para tanto, a cada entrevista era calculado o Índice de Adesão à Dieta (IAD) da refeição-alvo. Nos resultados, verificou-se que ambas as participantes atingiram o critério estabelecido em todas as refeições, com exceção do lanche da tarde. Inferiu-se a efetividade de ambos os treinos na instalação de comportamentos de auto-observação do repertório alimentar, entretanto foram modestos os resultados referentes ao autocontrole, sugerindo a necessidade de outras estratégias comportamentais, como treino de autocontrole, para a manutenção dos resultados do tratamento da obesidade. Discutiu-se sobre a complexidade do tratamento desta condição de saúde e a necessidade de uma visão ampla de tratamento que atue em outros contextos, além do foco na doença.

Experiência interacional homem-processo saúde doença: A saúde inabalável e a materialidade da doença

Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB

Educación física y su relación con la salud en la formación integral. Experiencia desde el contexto educativo en Venezuela

[ES] El presente artículo describe la problemática poblacional venezolana en relación con sus patrones de comportamiento (hábitos), que vienen causando un deterioro gradual de la salud. Refiere la reseña histórica de la Educación física partiendo de su incorporación en el currículo educativo, transitando por sus cambios y transformaciones hasta la actualidad. Aborda la educación física en Venezuela en correspondencia con las políticas educativas y de la actividad física para la salud. Presenta los programas que viene direccionando y desarrollando el Estado con la intencionalidad de crear conciencia hacia la importancia de la actividad física para contribuir, con disminución del sedentarismo, uno de los factores causantes de la obesidad a escala pandémica. Resalta las prácticas actuales asociadas con programas educacionales relacionados con la educación física y la salud. Por último describe programas innovadores, implementados en las instituciones educativas y en las comunidades para la adquisición de hábitos y patrones de conducta saludables.

The Comal County Needs Assessment Youth Survey

A crucial link in preserving and protecting the future of our communities resides in maintaining the health and well being of our youth. While every member of the community owns an opinion regarding where to best utilize monies for prevention and intervention, the data to support such opinion is often scarce. In an effort to generate data-driven indices for community planning and action, the United Way of Comal County, Texas partnered with the University Of Texas - Houston Health Science Center, School Of Public Health to accomplish a county-specific needs assessment. A community-based participatory research emphasis utilizing the Mobilization for Action through Planning and Partnership (MAPP) format developed by the National Association of City and County Health Officials (NACCHO) was implemented to engage community members in identifying and addressing community priorities. The single greatest area of consensus and concern identified by community members was the health and well being of the youth population. Thus, a youth survey, targeting these specific areas of community concern, was designed, coordinated and administered to all 9-11th grade students in the county. 20% of the 3,698 completed surveys (72% response rate) were randomly selected for analysis. These 740 surveys were coded and scanned into an electronic survey database. Statistical analysis provided youth-reported data on the status of the multiple issues affecting the health and well being of the community's youth. These data will be reported back to the community stakeholders, as part of the larger Comal County Needs Assessment, for the purposes of community planning and action. Survey data will provide community planners with an awareness of the high risk behaviors and habit patterns amongst their youth. This knowledge will permit more effective targeting of the means for encouraging healthy behaviors and preventing the spread of disease. Further, the community-oriented, population-based nature of this effort will provide answers to questions raised by the community and will provide an effective launching pad for the development and implementation of targeted, preventive health strategies. ^

Stages of change and carotene intake in the Paso del Norte region: Que Sabrosa Vida

Understanding a population's dietary behavior is important to promote behaviors which have the most beneficial impact on health. The most recent Dietary Guidelines for Americans (2005) identifies carotenoids as a key nutrient to be consumed through increased intake of fruits and vegetables (FV). While some studies have included or focused on the Hispanic population, few have focused only on Mexican-American populations and staged its intake of FV. Stage of change behavior theory has been used to understand the adoption and promotion of healthy behaviors such as increased intake of FV. It has been shown to effectively aid interventionists' understanding of dietary behavior. Intake patterns of FV of older women, rural residents, and adolescents of Mexican American descent have been conducted but not by stages of change. This study aimed to determine the relationship between stages of change for fruits and vegetables (SOC-FV) and total carotene intake to assess the quality of SOC-FV as a surrogate measure of total carotene. ^ Data from the 2000 Qué Sabrosa Vida Community Nutrition Survey (QSV-CNS) were analyzed to identify the SOC-FV and sources of carotenes in a Mexican American population 18-60 yrs. of the Paso del Norte region. A 107 item interviewer administered food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) specifically calibrated for a Mexican American population was used to collect usual intake of total carotene. The QSV survey study population included 963 participants, 590 (61.3%) women and 373 (38.7%) men. A statistically significant mean difference in caloric intake between men and women was found (p-value = <0.01). When total carotene intake was adjusted for energy, there were significant differences between men and women (p-value = <0.0001) with women consuming a higher amount of total carotene (406 RE/kcal 1,000) than men (332 RE/kcal 1000). The food sources of total carotene for both genders included many items found in a traditional Mexican American diet. Chile, after carrots, was the highest contributor of dietary carotene. Total carotene intake was not associated with stages of change among women or men and their distributions were not linear. Mean differences of total carotene by stages of change were significant for women for pre-contemplation/contemplation (p-value = 0.04) and preparation (p-value = 0.0004) but not for men. ^ SOC-FV may serve as a surrogate measure for dietary carotene intake. This study's Mexican American population had a high carotene quality diet derived from traditional food items irrespective of their stage of change for fruits and vegetables. To better understand this population's dietary intake a measure for acculturation should be included. Interventions aimed at Mexican American populations should aim to promote traditional diets consistent with cultural practices.^ ^

Health disparities between the United States mainland and Puerto Rico, Guam, and the United States Virgin Islands (United States territories)

Health disparities have been documented for the United States mainland. No literature was found comparing the mainland population to that of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the United States Virgin Islands (United States territories). Using Healthy Lifestyle Characteristics of non-smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, consuming fruits/vegetables daily, and exercising regularly, the health of the mainland was compared to United States territories. The research questions were: (1) Among the characteristics, what are similarities/differences between citizens of the mainland United States and territories?, (2) Among the characteristics, what are similarities/differences in how the territories compare to each other?, (3) Does the mainland and the territories meet Healthy People 2010 goals for these characteristics?, (4) Are perceptions of health concordant or discordant with the characteristics for mainlanders and Puerto Ricans? ^ Using 2007 data from Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), frequency distributions were compared for the Healthy Lifestyle Characteristics for the mainland territories. Research found smoking rates on Guam were statistically greater than the mainland, Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands. Healthy body mass index levels and physical activity rates were better on Guam compared to other locations. Puerto Rico had significantly more overweight and obese persons, lower fruit/vegetable consumption rates, and lower physical activity rates than the mainland, Guam and the Virgin Islands. Research found mainlanders reported statistically greater participation in regular physical activity than did Puerto Ricans and Virgin Islanders; there were significant differences in fruit/vegetable consumption rates compared to both. The research found no locations met all four of Healthy People 2010 goals. Compared to mainlanders, research showed Puerto Ricans perceive their health significantly worse.^ A better understanding is needed for how United States citizens (mainlanders and territory residents) view participation in healthy behaviors and how health is affected by participating or not in healthy behaviors. For the year examined, Healthy People 2010 goals were not achieved. This study demonstrates Puerto Ricans’ health, using the four characteristics, is significantly worse than residents in the other locations. Public health programs targeting Puerto Ricans are warranted. Finally, this study highlights the need for continued research on the relationships among the mainland and territories.^

Goals, plans, and behavior changes: A relevant part of the post-treatment cancer experience

Background. Colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors have to manage treatment side effects, psychosocial issues, and co-morbidities, as well as modify their lifestyles to decrease risk of recurrence and prolong life. Identifying survivors’ goals and key factors that influence their goals will highlight the issues cancer survivors face post-treatment and the resources needed to help them engage in health-promoting behaviors.^ Objectives and methods. This dissertation examines the health-related goals of post-treatment CRC survivors using two studies: (1) a qualitative study to identify and describe the health goals of CRC survivors during the transition from active treatment to post-treatment survivorship and follow-up care; and (2) a cross-sectional survey to identify CRC survivors’ goals, and key factors that influence their goals.^ Results. (1) The 41 qualitative interviews indicated participants’ health-related goals were to be healthy, get back to normal, and not have a cancer recurrence. Most of the CRC survivors reported they maintained healthy behaviors, made healthy behavior changes, or had goals to change their behavior. Respondents were empowered to improve their health by maintaining follow-up care and regular health screenings, and many were managing treatment side effects in an effort to improve functional abilities. (2) The cross-sectional study found that CRC survivors’ most prevalent goals were related to healthy behaviors (i.e., eat a healthy diet and engage in physical activity), and cancer care or disease management (i.e., keep up with health screenings and monitor symptoms). Goals that survivors identified as important were similar to goals they perceived were important to their providers (i.e., goals related to cancer care, disease management). Certain goals were statistically associated with age, barriers to achieving goals, social support and health-related quality of life.^ Conclusions. CRC survivors have health-promoting goals post-treatment and are interested in making health behavior changes. Goals ranged from cancer care/surveillance and disease management to healthy lifestyle modifications. Patients may need help resolving or managing treatment side effects or co-morbidities prior to implementing health promoting behaviors. Healthcare providers’ recommendations may be a powerful resource to encourage survivors to engage in health-promoting behaviors. Self-management and goal setting support could be an appropriate strategy to assist patients with achieving their post-treatment health goals.^

Innovative self management system for guided cardiac rehabilitation

This paper describes the design and development of a system for cardio rehabilitation of patients that suffered a myocardial infarction. The proposed solution focuses on exercise prescriptions and the encouragement of healthy behaviors. The innovative strategy of the design takes into account health promotion models to provide safe, assistive exercise training sessions, personalized feedbacks, and educational contents.

Influence of liposoluble vitamin status on health parameter and physical fitness in European adolescents = Influencia del estado en vitaminas liposolubles en parámetros de salud y condición física en adolescentes europeos

La adolescencia es un período de crecimiento y desarrollo crítico e importante para la adquisición de hábitos saludables, en los que tanto la alimentación como la actividad física tienen un papel destacado. Junto con el primer año de vida, los requerimientos de energía y nutrientes son mayores que en cualquier otro periodo. Dentro de la nutrición, las vitaminas se ven involucradas en múltiples procesos celulares y tisulares, y sus deficiencias se vinculan a enfermedades crónicas degenerativas en la edad adulta como las cardiovasculares, cáncer, diabetes y osteoporosis, pero cuyos factores de riesgo se establecen a edades más tempranas. Las concentraciones sanguíneas de vitaminas están influenciadas en gran medida por la ingesta dietética, pero existen otros factores del individuo, entre los que cabe citar la composición corporal, la actividad física y condición física que, junto a la genética, podrían desempeñar un papel crucial. La presente memoria de Tesis Doctoral tiene como objetivo analizar el estado en vitaminas liposolubles y su relación con diversos factores de salud, entre los que destacan la composción corporal, hábitos dietéticos, actividad física y condición física en adolescentes Europeos. El trabajo está basado en los datos del estudio HELENA (“Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence”). Se han analizado un total de 1089 adolescentes procedentes de diez ciudades en nueve paises europeos. Los principales resultados de este trabajo indican; a) La existencia de un estado deficiente en vitaminas liposolubles en adolescentes Europeos, especialmente de vitamina D, que alcanza valores del 80%. b) La estación del año, la latitud, el índice de masa corporal, la condición física, la ingesta de calcio dietético, los suplementos vitamínicos y la edad son las variables más relacionadas con el estado de vitamina D. c) A su vez, la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria puede predecir los niveles de vitamina D en los chicos, mientras que la fuerza muscular y masa magra parecen influir en los niveles de vitamina D en las chicas. La grasa corporal y el índice de masa corporal se correlaccionan negativamente con los niveles de vitamina D, especialmente en chicos. d) Un estado de vitamina D óptimo provoca una mejora de la masa ósea sólo cuando se tiene un nivel adecuado de actividad física. e) Se identifica la necesidad de establecer un consenso sobre los rangos aceptables y puntos de corte para las concentraciones sanguíneas de estas vitaminas en este grupo de población, ya que los actuales están extrapolados de la población adulta ABSTRACT Adolescence is a critical period of physiological growth and development as well as for the acquisition of healthy behaviors where both diet and physical activity play a major role. Apart from the first year of life, both energy and nutrient requirements are greatest during adolescence and the way to spend this energy by movement is also crucial. Vitamins are specifically involved in multiple cellular and tissue processes, and there is increasing evidence that deficiencies at these early ages could contribute to risk factors of chronic diseases like cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and osteoporosis in adulthood, regardless data are scarce for younger ages. Vitamin concentrations are largely influenced by diet but other individual factors like body composition, physical activity or fitness together with genetics could play also an important role. The current thesis analyzes the liposoluble vitamin status in European adolescents and their relation with several health related factors, like body composción, dietary intake, physical activity and fitness. The work is based on data from the HELENA study ("Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence"), for which a total of 1089 adolescents from ten different cities, in nine European countries were recruited. The main outcomes of this thesis are: a) There is a high liposoluble vitamin deficiency prevalence in European adolescents, specifically for vitamin D, which is presenting almost 80% of the adolescents. b) Season, latitude, BMI, fitness, dietary calcium intake, supplements intake and age are highly related to 25(OH)D concentrations found in European adolescents. c) Cardiorespiratory fitness may predict 25(OH)D concentrations in male adolescents, whereas upper limbs muscular strength and FFM may predict 25(OH)D concentrations in young females. Fat mass and BMI are inversely related to 25(OH)D concentrations, especially in males. d) The effect of 25(OH)D concentrations on bone mineral content in adolescents depends on physical activity levels. e) There is a need to establish a consensus on acceptable ranges and cut-offs of blood concentrations of these vitamins during adolescence, as currently they are extrapolated from adults.

Sexualidade nos adolescentes : intervenção formativa

Enquadramento – Os adolescentes com acesso a conhecimentos, informação e motivação, para adotarem comportamentos sexuais seguros, serão capazes de alterar as suas atitudes e os seus comportamentos. Objetivos – Caraterizar os adolescentes relativamente às variáveis de contexto sexual; identificar os conhecimentos dos adolescentes sobre IST e planeamento familiar; identificar as atitudes dos adolescentes face à sexualidade, pílula e preservativos; identificar a motivação dos adolescentes para terem ou não relações sexuais; determinar a eficácia de uma intervenção formativa no âmbito da sexualidade nos conhecimentos sobre IST, Planeamento Familiar, bem como nas suas atitudes face à sexualidade. Métodos - Investigação experimental de campo. O instrumento de recolha de dados é um questionário, elaborado pela equipa de investigadores do Projeto Monitorização de Indicadores de Saúde Infanto-Juvenil (MISIJ) no domínio temático da “Sexualidade Adolescente”. Este permite caracterizar sociodemograficamente e sexualmente os adolescentes, inclui ainda a Escala de atitudes face à sexualidade em adolescentes (AFSA) (Nelas et al., 2010), Escala de conhecimentos sobre infeções de transmissão sexual (Nelas et al., 2010), Escala de atitudes face ao preservativo (Ramos et al., 2009), Escala de atitudes face à pílula (Ramos et al., 2009), Escala de conhecimentos sobre planeamento familiar (Nelas et al., 2010), Escala de motivação para fazer e para não fazer sexo (Alferes, 1997). Resultados - A amostra é constituída por 56 estudantes do 9º ano de escolaridade (28 do grupo de controlo e 28 do grupo experimental). A maioria dos adolescentes do grupo de controlo é do sexo feminino (71,4%), contrariamente ao grupo de controlo onde 64,3% é do sexo masculino. As raparigas do grupo de controlo revelaram mais conhecimentos sobre infeções transmissíveis sexualmente, em ambos os momentos da avaliação, os adolescentes do sexo masculino, em ambos os momentos, revelam mais conhecimentos sobre o planeamento familiar, comparativamente às adolescentes do género feminino. Aos índices positivos antes da intervenção formativa corresponderam melhores índices após a intervenção formativa. Conclusão - Os profissionais de saúde devem, através da educação para a saúde, promover atitudes que promovam a saúde sexual e reprodutiva e promover o desenvolvimento de competências indispensáveis para adoção de comportamentos saudáveis. Palavras-chave - Adolescentes; Sexualidade; Educação sexual; Intervenção formativa.

Lifestyle still predicts mortality in older men with established vascular disease

Background. It is uncertain whether accepted associations between health behaviors and mortality are pertinent to elderly people. No previous studies have examined the patterns of lifestyle in elderly men with and without clinically evident vascular disease by using a lifestyle score to predict survival. Methods. We measured prevalence of a healthy lifestyle (four or more healthy behaviors out of eight) and examined survival in 11,745 men aged 65-83 years participating in a randomized population-based trial of screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm in Perth, Western Australia. After stratifying participants into five groups according to history and symptoms of vascular disease, we compared survival of men in each subgroup with that of 'healthy' men with no history or symptoms of vascular disease. Results. Invitations to screening produced a corrected response of 70.5%. After adjusting for age and place of birth, having an unhealthy lifestyle was associated with an increase of 20% in the likelihood of death from any cause within 5 years (95% CI: 10-30%). This pattern was consistently evident across subgroups defined by history of vascular disease, but was less evident for deaths from vascular disease. Conclusions. Our results highlight the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle through to old age, regardless of history of vascular disease. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The effectiveness of a conceptually-based health and wellness course in developing health related factors, exercise self-efficacy and knowledge of health issues and exercise performance among diverse college students

The purpose of the study was to investigate the physiological and psychological benefits provided by a self-selected health and wellness course on a racially and ethnically diverse student population. It was designed to determine if students from a 2-year Hispanic serving institution (HIS) from a large metropolitan area would enhance their capacity to perform physical activities, increase their knowledge of health topics and raise their exercise self-efficacy after completing a course that included educational and activity components for a period of 16 weeks. A total of 185 students voluntarily agreed to participate in the study. An experimental group was selected from six sections of a health and wellness course, and a comparison group from students in a student life skills course. All participants were given anthropometric tests of physical fitness, a knowledge test, and an exercise self-efficacy scale was given at the beginning and at the conclusion of the semester. An ANCOVA analyses with the pretest scores being the covariate and the dependent variable being the difference score, indicated a significant improvement of the experimental group in five of the seven anthropometric tests over the comparison group. In addition, the experimental group increased in two of the three sections of the exercise self-efficacy scale indicating greater confidence to participate in physical activities in spite of barriers over the comparison group. The experimental group also increased in knowledge of health related topics over the comparison group at the .05 significance level. Results indicated beneficial outcomes gained by students enrolled in a 16-week health and wellness course. The study has several implications for practitioners, faculty members, educational policy makers and researchers in terms of implementation of strategies to promote healthy behaviors in college students and, to encourage them to engage in regular physical activities throughout their college years.

Relatório de Estágio - Escola Secundária Mouzinho da Silveira, Escola Secundária de São Lourenço e Escola Superior de Saúde de Portalegre

Com a elaboração deste relatório, pretende-se descrever as ações por nós desenvolvidas no estágio do Curso de Mestrado em Enfermagem - Especialização em Enfermagem Comunitária, as quais se realizaram na Escola Secundária Mouzinho da Silveira, na Escola Secundária de São Lourenço e ainda na Escola Superior de Saúde de Portalegre. Na Escola Secundária Mouzinho da Silveira foi aplicado um questionário a 264 alunos de 8º ano, 9º ano, 10º ano e uma turma de CEF, para fazer o diagnóstico de situação daquela comunidade escolar relativamente à sexualidade, para tal foi estabelecido um projeto de trabalho entre esta escola e a Escola Superior de Saúde de Portalegre, no sentido de privilegiar a Área da Educação para a Saúde – Sexualidade na Adolescência. Foi elaborado um projeto de intervenção comunitária, tendo por base o planeamento em saúde, onde foram definidas prioridades, fixaram-se objetivos, selecionaram-se estratégias, fez-se uma preparação da execução, executou-se e avaliou-se a intervenção. Nesta intervenção foram realizadas várias sessões de Educação para a Saúde, onde falamos sobre vários temas, todos eles ligados à Sexualidade. Esta intervenção estendeu-se também a duas turmas da Escola Secundária de São Lourenço. A outra área de intervenção comunitária teve lugar na Escola Superior de Saúde de Portalegre e contou com 317 alunos do 9º ano e 12º ano da área ciências e tecnologia do Concelho de Portalegre, tendo sido realizadas várias sessões de educação para a saúde, sessões essas interativas, onde se falou de Suporte Básico de Vida, se aprendeu a avaliar a tensão arterial, o índice de massa corporal e falamos ainda sobre hábitos de vida saudáveis É na adolescência, que se adquirem hábitos e comportamentos saudáveis. Assim, os profissionais de saúde, conjuntamente com a escola, a família e a comunidade envolvente, poderão ter um papel preponderante, capacitando os jovens de competências que lhes permitam optar por comportamentos saudáveis, a nível de alimentação, álcool, uso de drogas, prevenção de infeções sexualmente transmissíveis, gravidez e cidadania, sendo a escola um lugar de excelência para tal capacitação.