794 resultados para Giro denteado


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Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz

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The main inputs to the hippocampus arise from the entorhinal cortex (EC) and form a loop involving the dentate gyrus, CA3 and CA1 hippocampal subfields and then back to EC. Since the discovery that the hippocampus is involved in memory formation in the 50's, this region and its circuitry have been extensively studied. Beyond memory, the hippocampus has also been found to play an important role in spatial navigation. In rats and mice, place cells show a close relation between firing rate and the animal position in a restricted area of the environment, the so-called place field. The firing of place cells peaks at the center of the place field and decreases when the animal moves away from it, suggesting the existence of a rate code for space. Nevertheless, many have described the emergence of hippocampal network oscillations of multiple frequencies depending on behavioral state, which are believed to be important for temporal coding. In particular, theta oscillations (5-12 Hz) exhibit a spatio-temporal relation with place cells known as phase precession, in which place cells consistently change the theta phase of spiking as the animal traverses the place field. Moreover, current theories state that CA1, the main output stream of the hippocampus, would interplay inputs from EC and CA3 through network oscillations of different frequencies, namely high gamma (60-100 Hz; HG) and low gamma (30-50 Hz; LG), respectively, which tend to be nested in different phases of the theta cycle. In the present dissertation we use a freely available online dataset to make extensive computational analyses aimed at reproducing classical and recent results about the activity of place cells in the hippocampus of freely moving rats. In particular, we revisit the debate of whether phase precession is due to changes in firing frequency or space alone, and conclude that the phenomenon cannot be explained by either factor independently but by their joint influence. We also perform novel analyses investigating further characteristics of place cells in relation to network oscillations. We show that the strength of theta modulation of spikes only marginally affects the spatial information content of place cells, while the mean spiking theta phase has no influence on spatial information. Further analyses reveal that place cells are also modulated by theta when they fire outside the place field. Moreover, we find that the firing of place cells within the theta cycle is modulated by HG and LG amplitude in both CA1 and EC, matching cross-frequency coupling results found at the local field potential level. Additionally, the phase-amplitude coupling in CA1 associated with spikes inside the place field is characterized by amplitude modulation in the 40-80 Hz range. We conclude that place cell firing is embedded in large network states reflected in local field potential oscillations and suggest that their activity might be seen as a dynamic state rather than a fixed property of the cell.

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ESCEPTICISMO

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Tesis (Maestría en Salud Pública con Especialidad en Medicina del Trabajo) UANL.

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Tesis (Maestría en Psicología con Orientación Laboral y Organizacional) UANL, 2013.

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Tesis (Maestría en Psicología con orientación en Psicología Laboral y Organizacional) UANL, 2014.

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Como bien lo ejemplifica el cambio de pensamiento del primer al segundo Wittgenstein, pareciera que el giro lingüístico conlleva el tránsito del modernismo al post-modernismo. Es decir, mientras que el primer Wittgenstein, al tener como base teórica concluyente el principio representacionalista y veritativo de la realidad a través del lenguaje figurativo, pareciera ser el punto más alto del paradigma representacionalista moderno, el segundo, al renunciar a dicho principio para tener como fundamento el uso social del lenguaje, pareciera subsumir al conocimiento y saber occidental en un nuevo paradigma relativista y no-repreentacionalista, al cual se le denota en la discusión contemporánea simplemente como la "condición post-moderna" y/o "crisis de la modernidad". Pero como lo muestra el trabajo de Lyotard, Quine, Rorty y Davidson, todo parece indicar que dicho giro lo que lleva es a un nuevo paradigma anti-representacionalista; resultando, académicamente, válido y positivo (provechoso) para el conocimiento y saber filosófico/epistemológico occidental. Lo cual parece señalar, entonces, que de hecho asistimos a una nueva época, a la que simplemente se le ha antepuesto el prefino "post" para diferenciarla de aquella otra que quedó atrás en el tiempo: la Modernidad.

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Monográfico con el título: 'Mejorar la escuela: perspectivas didácticas y organizativas'. Resumen basado en el de la publicación

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