Peregrinar sin ausentarse: Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda y Gastón Baquero, un puente perdurable entre Cuba y España [Program]

This is the program for the event "Peregrinar sin ausentarse: Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda y Gastón Baquero, un puente perdurable entre Cuba y España".

Women defending themselves: Cuban Romantic feminine voices (poetry and short stories)

Throughout history, women have played an important role in literature. Nevertheless, since Sappho's poetry until now, feminine voices have had to struggle for recognition of their works. ^ Before the nineteenth century, women were almost ignored in Spanish literature. Society kept them as “ángeles de la familia,” taking care of their homes, husbands, and children. Some of them, such as María de Zayas y Sotomayor in Spain and Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz in Mexico, complained about their situation in their writings. However, they expressed their fight not as a generation but as individuals. ^ In the nineteenth century, the ideas and ideals of Romanticism, were brought to Latin America from Europe. Cuba was among those countries where the new movement took roots. Initiated by Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda, a group of women began to participate in literary reunions, and to found newspapers and magazines where works authored by women, dedicated to feminist ideas, were published. They indeed through literature started to live out womanhood in order to intellectually leave the ideological prisons where society had been keeping them. ^ This study scans the literary works of all Romantic women writers in Cuba. It specifically analyzes poetry and short stories, and investigates how these authors expressed themselves in their works against the patriarchal society, where they lived and wrote their books. An eclectic critical method has been used. ^ Findings were very revealing. Only three of the fourteen writers studied in my dissertation had been previously mentioned by major critics. Most of them had been ignored. However, the greatest discovery was that they prompted something new: For the first time they projected themselves as a group, as a collective consciousness, and this fact established a difference with former women writers in Cuban literature before Romanticism. In other words, they produced a “Renaissance” in Cuba's literature. In spite of how they lived between 1820 and 1900, their struggles for women's rights have linked them to our current times. ^

Buenos libros, malas lectoras: la enfermedad moral de las mujeres del siglo XIX

El seu article parteix de l'afirmació que el destí de les dones al segle XIX està marcat, en la ficció, pel "bovarysme", malaltia que proposa que les dones s'emmalalteixen i moren perquè llegeixen malament. El treball analitza aquest problema de la "mala lectura" traçant un recorregut que va des de Fernán Caballero fins a Freud i es comenten alguns episodis de lectura que apareixen en la "Autobiografía" de Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda, Clemencia, Amalia, Madame Bovary, María, La regenta i El caso Dora. Her article departs from the statement that the destiny of women in the 19th century is determined, in fiction, by "bovarysm", an illness which proposes that women get sick and die because they read incorrectly. The work analyzes this problem of "bad reading" tracing a journey from Fernán Caballero to Freud, and comments on several episodes about the act of reading, from Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda's "Autobiography", Clemencia, Amalia, Madame Bovary, María, La Regenta and Dora's Case.

Buenos libros, malas lectoras: la enfermedad moral de las mujeres del siglo XIX

El seu article parteix de l'afirmació que el destí de les dones al segle XIX està marcat, en la ficció, pel "bovarysme", malaltia que proposa que les dones s'emmalalteixen i moren perquè llegeixen malament. El treball analitza aquest problema de la "mala lectura" traçant un recorregut que va des de Fernán Caballero fins a Freud i es comenten alguns episodis de lectura que apareixen en la "Autobiografía" de Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda, Clemencia, Amalia, Madame Bovary, María, La regenta i El caso Dora. Her article departs from the statement that the destiny of women in the 19th century is determined, in fiction, by "bovarysm", an illness which proposes that women get sick and die because they read incorrectly. The work analyzes this problem of "bad reading" tracing a journey from Fernán Caballero to Freud, and comments on several episodes about the act of reading, from Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda's "Autobiography", Clemencia, Amalia, Madame Bovary, María, La Regenta and Dora's Case.

Una literatura propia : la voluntad de escribir.

Este artículo pertenece a un dossier monográfico titulado 'Historia de las mujeres'

La narrativa en La Ilustración (1849-1857): la «Serie B» del Semanario Pintoresco Español

En los ocho años de vida de La Ilustración, la narrativa, larga y breve, fue uno de los elementos fundamentales de este periódico ilustrado. El artículo analiza los relatos que allí aparecieron y los efectos que las necesidades industriales y comerciales tuvieron en una revista que luchaba por sobrevivir económicamente. Ángel Fernández de los Ríos, propietario del Semanario Pintoresco Español y de La Ilustración, convirtió a esta última, en lo que toca a la narrativa, en una especie de serie B, en la que se entremezclaban reediciones, traducciones y colaboraciones que no habían llegado a tener el nivel suficiente para llegar a las páginas del Semanario Pintoresco Español. La abundancia de reediciones y las diversas fuentes de las que proceden hacen ver que en su selección fue más importante la imperiosa necesidad de sacar la publicación a la calle cada quince días que otros criterios. Ello también explica la abundancia de traducciones de novelas y cuentos en las páginas de La Ilustración. Traducciones y reediciones son el cuerpo principal de la narrativa publicada en La Ilustración y si tenemos que detenernos en las obras de más calidad que allí aparecen, será en este tipo de relatos, puesto que los textos narrativos originales, muy a menudo publicados sin firma de autor, resultan de muy escaso interés. Solo podemos contra con la excepción de dos relatos de José Güell y Renté (Anacaona y Quibiam) y uno de Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda: La baronesa de Joux. No representa, pues, La Ilustración una fuente de importancia para la narración española del medio siglo. Su posición subordinada al Semanario Pintoresco Español impidió que la publicación desarrollara una línea de narraciones de calidad. Es testimonio, sin embargo, de un proceso de industrialización de la labor periodística y literaria que estaba desarrollándose con gran celeridad si tenemos en cuenta el fracaso de El Artista y del No me olvides apenas quince años antes. A la altura del medio siglo el periodismo literario se había convertido en una industria que exigía ingentes esfuerzos de trabajo y una producción torrencial.

Representation of people of color in the nineteenth century slavery novel in Cuba and Brazil

This dissertation explores the similarities and differences which characterize the depiction of people of color in certain representative nineteenth century Cuban and Brazilian slavery novels as a function of the authorial approach of each territory's literary tradition toward the issues of slavery, racial prejudice, and people of color. The selected texts, derived from the peak periods in slavery literature of each territory, include Francisco , by Anselmo Snárez y Romero; Sab, by Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda; Cecilia Valdés , by Cirilo Villaverde; A escrava Isaura, by Bernardo Guimarães; O mulato, by Aluísio Azevedo; and Bom-Crioulo, by Adolfo Caminha. While the present study explores the enslavement, abuse, and discrimination of people of color as a consequence of a deep-seated discourse of power, privilege and racial superiority, it focuses more extensively on the representation of people of color, particularly in their capacity to constructively appropriate the cultural values of the white dominant group and recognize their identity as ambiguous. ^ Said's theories of Orientalist discourse and geography and formation as well as Dube's perspective on subaltern-oriented studies provide a theoretical framework for exploring the response of slavery writers whose common exposure to slavery but dissimilar socio-political contexts generate some startling findings. Crafted within a period of political repression, fear of black revolt, factional in-fighting as well as strong socioeconomic ties to the slaveholding class, the Cuban texts generally fashioned an approach to slavery as one marked by moderation, reform, and cultural counter discourse and consequently depict people of color with a more passive but culturally authentic outlook. On the other hand, the Brazilian response to the issue of slavery, steeped in an ideological amalgam of liberalism, positivism, republicanism, and abolitionism, is characterized by overt opposition to slavery and a representation of people of color that is less concerned with cross-cultural input but reclaims their humanity as highly educable and socially mobile persons in search of greater freedoms. Ultimately, there is a shared message of higher significance couched in the worthwhile mission of raising slaves to the level of men. ^

La mujer en defensa de la mujer: voces femeninas del romanticismo cubano (Poesía y cuento)

Throughout history, women have played an important role in literature. Nevertheless, since Sappho's poetry until now, feminine voices have had to struggle for recognition of their works. Before the nineteenth century, women were almost ignored in Spanish literature. Society kept them as "ángeles de la familia," taking care of their homes, husbands, and children. Some of them, such as María de Zayas y Sotomayor in Spain and Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz in Mexico, complained about their situation in their writings. However, they expressed their fight not as a generation but as individuals. In the nineteenth century, the ideas and ideals of Romanticism, were brought to Latin America from Europe. Cuba was among those countries where the new movement took roots. Initiated by Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda, a group of women began to participate in literary reunions, and to found newspapers and magazines where works authored by women, dedicated to feminist ideas, were published. They indeed through literature started to live out womanhood in order to intellectually leave the ideological prisons where society had been keeping them. This study scans the literary works of all Romantic women writers in Cuba. It specifically analyzes poetry and short stories, and investigates how these authors expressed themselves in their works against the patriarchal society, where they lived and wrote their books. An eclectic critical method has been used. Findings were very revealing. Only three of the fourteen writers studied in my dissertation had been previously mentioned by major critics. Most of them had been ignored. However, the greatest discovery was that they prompted something new: For the first time they projected themselves as a group, as a collective consciousness, and this fact established a difference with former women writers in Cuban literature before Romanticism. In other words, they produced a "Renaissance" in Cuba's literature. In spite of how they lived between 1820 and 1900, their struggles for women's rights have linked them to our current times.

Figuraciones de la esclavitud en novelas y ensayos antiesclavistas de Cuba y Brasil, 1840-1880

La tesis doctoral presentada da cuenta de las "figuraciones de la esclavitud" en un amplio corpus textual (ensayos y novelas) de autores representativos de la "narrativa antiesclavista" en el siglo XIX, centrada en las áreas de Cuba y Brasil. Desde una perspectiva comparativa, que atiende a los planos retóricos y discursivos, se analizan puntualmente novelas y ensayos de autores canónicos como Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda, Cirilo Villaverde, José Antonio Saco, Alejandro von Humboldt, José de Alencar, Bernardo Guimaraes, Joaquim Nabuco y Jean-Baptiste Debret. A la vez, se incorpora la plasmación de un enfoque interdisciplinar en el análisis de la "narrativa antiesclavista", abordando también aspectos que remiten a la historiografía política, social y económica sobre el proceso de la esclavitud en el período de 1840-1880, junto con otros de articulación antropológica, cultural y estética en ambas zonas mencionadas

Figuraciones de la esclavitud en novelas y ensayos antiesclavistas de Cuba y Brasil, 1840-1880

La tesis doctoral presentada da cuenta de las "figuraciones de la esclavitud" en un amplio corpus textual (ensayos y novelas) de autores representativos de la "narrativa antiesclavista" en el siglo XIX, centrada en las áreas de Cuba y Brasil. Desde una perspectiva comparativa, que atiende a los planos retóricos y discursivos, se analizan puntualmente novelas y ensayos de autores canónicos como Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda, Cirilo Villaverde, José Antonio Saco, Alejandro von Humboldt, José de Alencar, Bernardo Guimaraes, Joaquim Nabuco y Jean-Baptiste Debret. A la vez, se incorpora la plasmación de un enfoque interdisciplinar en el análisis de la "narrativa antiesclavista", abordando también aspectos que remiten a la historiografía política, social y económica sobre el proceso de la esclavitud en el período de 1840-1880, junto con otros de articulación antropológica, cultural y estética en ambas zonas mencionadas

Figuraciones de la esclavitud en novelas y ensayos antiesclavistas de Cuba y Brasil, 1840-1880

La tesis doctoral presentada da cuenta de las "figuraciones de la esclavitud" en un amplio corpus textual (ensayos y novelas) de autores representativos de la "narrativa antiesclavista" en el siglo XIX, centrada en las áreas de Cuba y Brasil. Desde una perspectiva comparativa, que atiende a los planos retóricos y discursivos, se analizan puntualmente novelas y ensayos de autores canónicos como Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda, Cirilo Villaverde, José Antonio Saco, Alejandro von Humboldt, José de Alencar, Bernardo Guimaraes, Joaquim Nabuco y Jean-Baptiste Debret. A la vez, se incorpora la plasmación de un enfoque interdisciplinar en el análisis de la "narrativa antiesclavista", abordando también aspectos que remiten a la historiografía política, social y económica sobre el proceso de la esclavitud en el período de 1840-1880, junto con otros de articulación antropológica, cultural y estética en ambas zonas mencionadas

Sensitivity of Gomez-Nuñez boxes for the detection of household infestation with Panstrongylus megistus

Four methods for detecting household infestations with Panstrongylus megistus were compared: 1) manual collection; 2) collection after pyrethrum application; 3) search viable eggs; and 4) Gomez-Nuñez boxes. Manual collection was the most sensitive method (23% infested), followed by pyrethrum (21%), Gomez-Nuñez boxes (15%) and viable eggs (12%). About 10% of infested houses were positive exclusively on the Gomez-Nuñez box test. More over, 6 out of the 7 houses positive exclusively on the Gomez-Nuñez method were located in a recently sprayed area, where P. megistus density was low. Inspection of Gomez-Nuñez boxes at 12 weekspost-application was twice as effective as inspection at 6 weekspost-application. Triatomine feces was the most common evidencefor thepresence of P. megistus found within Gomez-Nuñez boxes. Gomez-Nuñez boxes area a useful adjunct to manual collection in detecting domestic infestations with P. megistus, especially in areas where bug densities are low. However, the utility of Gomez-Nuhez boxes must be weighed against the time and labor they require.

GERMINAÇÃO IN VITRO DE MANGABEIRA (Hancornia speciosa Gomez) EM DIFERENTES MEIOS DE CULTURA

Estudos de meios de cultura que facilitem a germinação de sementes recalcitrantes são de grande importância para a fruticultura. A mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomez) é uma fruteira nativa da região Nordeste do Brasil. Sua propagação por métodos tradicionais é dificultada pelo fato de suas sementes serem recalcitrantes e a polpa do fruto ter uma ação inibitória sobre a germinação das sementes. Na tentativa de maximizar a percentagem de germinação in vitro desta espécie, foi testada a influência da sacarose (0; 10; 30; 60 e 90 g/L), do ácido giberélico (0; 0.1; 0.3 e 0.5 mg/L) e de diferentes meios de germinação (água destilada, água de coco; MS sólido e MS líquido). Também foi testado o efeito da escarificação (sementes com ou sem tegumento). As sementes obtidas de frutos maduros foram escarificadas ou não, e inoculadas em meios contendo os diferentes tratamentos. A taxa de germinação foi calculada trinta dias após a inoculação das sementes. Sementes sem tegumento obtiveram maior percentagem de germinação em todos os meios de cultura estudados, sendo que a maior percentagem foi obtida no tratamento MS líquido. A adição de sacarose tanto em meio MS sólido quanto em MS líquido não favorece a germinação e pode prejudicar em concentrações iguais ou maiores que 20g/L. A maior percentagem de sementes germinadas em MS suplementado com GA3, tanto em meio líquido como em meio sólido, ocorreu na concentração de 0,1 mg/L. Maiores taxas de germinação in vitro de sementes de mangabeira podem ser obtidas através da retirada do seu tegumento e posterior inoculação em meio MS líquido suplementado com 0,1 mg/L GA3.

Mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomez) ice cream prepared with fat replacers and sugar substitutes

The effect of replacing shortening and sugar on the physical and chemical properties of mangaba ice cream and its acceptability were evaluated. Ice cream formulations were tested with the following fat replacers: Selecta Light, Litesse, and Dairy Lo and the following sugar substitutes: Lactitol and Splenda. All formulations were subjected to physical, chemical, and microbiological analyses and evaluated by acceptability tests. In the sensory analysis, it was observed a larger acceptance of the formulations containing Selecta Light (SL) and the combination of Litesse, Lactiol, and Splenda (LLS). The largest reduction in total energetic value (50%) was observed in the formulation LLS. The use of fat and/or sugar substitutes caused a reduction in the air incorporation (overrun) and affected viscosity. The highest melting speed was observed in the formulation with Dairy-Lo, Lactitol, and Splenda. All formulations showed good levels of global acceptability and appearance. The substitution of shortening for fat replacers caused a reduction in air incorporation and changes in ice-cream viscosity. The low-fat mangaba ice-cream elaborated with Selecta Light was the best formulation in terms of viscosity and air incorporation when compared with the control. It also showed a good level of acceptability and low fat content.