The comparative advantage fallacy and a rule for convergence

Includes bibliography

Displaced premolars in panoramic radiography: fact or fallacy?

OBJECTIVE: To test the null hypothesis that there is no difference between premolar position visualized on panoramic radiographs (PRs) and lateral headfilms (LHs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The prevalence of differences in the direction of crown angulation between PR and LH was assessed. Furthermore, brass wire markers with different sagittal and transverse angulations were placed in a dry skull. With the markers in place, LHs and PRs were taken. RESULTS: A difference in the direction of crown angulation of unerupted second premolars between PR and LH occurred in 19.5% of patients. The reason for the angulation differences is a buccolingual orientation of the tooth, which appears as a mesiodistal angulation on the PR. CONCLUSION: The null hypothesis was rejected since in one-fifth of the patients premolar projection differs between the panoramic radiograph and the lateral headfilm.

Physicalism and the Fallacy of Composition

Physicalism, as in this paper, holds that every instance of causation reported by the special sciences is shadowed, even rivaled, by causation at the level of microphysics. The reported "cause" is embodied in one massive collection of microparticle events; the "effect" in another; the former brings about the latter by laws of physics. This paper argues that while individual events in the "cause" collection bring about individual events in the "effect" collection, it does not follow, and is unbelievable, that the "cause" collection itself brings anything about. Causings reported by the special sciences can be traced only at that level.

Darwinism a fallacy /

Mode of access: Internet.

Currency explained; in refutation of the last fallacy of "The Times," 8 Nov., 1843 /

"A reprint of the letters signed 'Verus', which appeared in the 'Morning Herald.'"

What price life insurance? : Not how but what to sell or buy--and why, facts and supporting figures which prove the fallacy of the self-serving propaganda of those "term-ites" who seek to undermine confidence in legal reserve (old line) life insurance /

Mode of access: Internet.

Essays in fallacy.

The American woman.- The psychology of the suffragette.- The fallacy in education.- The fallacy in theology.

The petition and memorial of the planters of Demarara and Berbice, on the subject of Manumission : examined, being an exposure of the inaccuracy of the statements, and the fallacy of the views on which they have proceeded in their recent application to his majesty in council.

Mode of access: Internet.

The bubble of the age; or, The fallacy of railway investment, railway accounts, and railway dividends.

Mode of access: Internet.

Where Darwin erred, or the fallacy of natural selection.

Mode of access: Internet.