24 resultados para Estampagem
Resumo:
Na tentativa de produzir componentes cada vez mais leves e seguros a industria automotiva vem continuamente atualizando seus produtos no que diz respeito à associação de materiais, uso de uniões por solda, utilização de ligas leves em substituição de ligas de aço e etc. Três são os motivos básicos para estas mudanças: aumento da segurança dos passageiros, diminuição do consumo de combustível e redução os custos de produção. As ligas de alumínio, em sua maioria desenvolvidas para uso em tecnologia aeronáutica, vêm ganhando espaço também na produção de automóveis de passeio. Um dos maiores problemas apresentados pelas ligas de alumínio é a baixa soldabilidade dificultando a produção de componentes como os conhecidos Tailor Welded Blanks (TWB). TWB consiste em unir através de solda materiais de espessura e ou propriedades mecânicas diferentes formando uma geratriz para posterior estampagem de um componente Este trabalho inova confeccionando juntas a partir de chapas de espessuras diferentes (TWB) através de soldagem por fricção e mistura mecânica (SFMM) a partir de ligas de alumínio com velocidades de soldagem convencionais (1m/min) e em altas velocidades atingindo 5 e 10m/min dependendo da liga. Duas ligas de alumínio foram utilizadas, AA5754 (não tratável termicamente) e AA6181 (tratável termicamente). Foram realizados ensaios metalográficos, perfis de microdureza, ensaios de tração. Foram realizados também ensaios para levantamento de curvas limite de conformação através de ensaios de tração em corpos de prova etalhados e ensaios de estampabilidade. Os resultados mostram que o processo SFMM é adequado para soldas de espessuras diferentes em altas velocidades. Os ensaios de microdureza não apresentam as típicas variações observadas em processos de soldagem convencional, os testes mecânicos apresentam bons resultados, especialmente paras as juntas da liga AA6181 que em ambas as condições de soldagem apresentaram valores de tensão próximos aos valores do material de base. Os testes de estampagem mostram que as juntas da liga AA5754 apresentam desempenho superior ao material de base quando conformadas, desta forma provando que essa técnica pode ser utilizada para fabricação de geratrizes para estampagem de componentes.
Resumo:
This study aimed to assess the Cleaner Production CP as corporate sustainable tool, through the multiple case studies within companies from Rio Grande do Norte State. In order to achieve this goal a research methodology approach was set. The initial stage of the research methodology was based on a literature review on which it was observed that the CP can be linked with corporate sustainable once it prevents pollution and reduces the operational risks among employees, community and environment. In addition, CP can useful for companies position within competitive position as well as being applied to process, products and services. In order to observe these factors, CP was used within food industry (Company 1), textile industry (Company 2) and in a car dealer (Company 3). Regarding the results, Company 1 changed its raw material as well as implementing housekeeping (control use of water, energy and condensed milk). In Company 2, it was observed the three levels of CP. In other words, housekeeping (e.g. cutting process and manipulation of chemical products), changing technology (high pressure washing machine) and internal and external recycling. In addition, Company 3 considered only level 3 external recycling. As consequence, it was observed that can be applied either within industry as well as service sector. Unfortunately, it was not possible to observe any social gains on a monetary basis. This is due to limitations of the CP methodology and study complexity. Therefore, it was observed improvements regarding to social, environmental and economic areas. Nevertheless, it is necessary more commitment from top level management in order to consider CP like effective sustainable tool
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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In our country, the majority of freight and people by road happens municipal, state and federal. Thus, the heavy vehicles like buses and trucks are the main means of transporting people and cargo. This graduate work aims to study the process of manufacturing wheels for trucks, because we can see the lack of literature on the manufacturing process of wheels and also the importance of the processes used to manufacture wheels, such as lamination, stamping, puckering, machining, welding and painting
Resumo:
The mechanical forming processes are the main means of transformation. Among all processes, the most used is rolling and broken down into flat and non-flat products. In the flat products are classified plates, and products no plans bars and profiles. Thus laminating products, mostly, are the raw materials for other processes of transformation, as stamping, forging, machining, bending and more. This work has focused on non-flat products, classified as bars and rods, watching a key point in the proceedings that is the product quality. Here is demonstrated through metallographic analysis of steel bars, hot-rolled, the characteristics of surface cracks in these bars
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This work approaches the main methods of plastic deformation of metals, with a focus on the deep drawing process. The mechanical properties were evaluated with the tension tests. It is presented the aluminum alloys designation, followed by applying heat treatments and the designation of tempers. The manufacture of aluminum beverage cans is described step by step, in general terms. The main objective is to analyze how different cans background geometries have great influence on the dome reversal. To be able to achieve the goal it was necessary to use cans of different manufacturers, which were used in buckle tests to obtain the reversal pressures, tensile tests and geometric analysis. Finally empirical equations were obtained correlating these variables, and it was observed that the conformation of reforming change significantly it's behavior
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Aluminum has been widely used in the forming and manufacture of beverage cans, specific aluminum alloy AA3104, which manufacturers are increasingly demanding as to mechanical properties, quality and reducing waste. This work describes the analysis and comparison of the behavior of earing AA3104 aluminum alloy samples of final thicknesses of 1.80 and 2.10 mm. Were obtained after a hot rolling process, a total population of 86 samples for the two different thicknesses, of which 23 samples of 1.80 mm and 2.10 mm 63 samples. After removal of samples, there was a mechanical test inlay, then characterizing the earing in them. The results earing to the thicknesses of 1.80 and 2.10 mm were analyzed and compared statistically to give 7.1% and 7.4% on average, respectively, correlated with the hot rolling process variables, showing that they are statistically equal and that the process variables do not affect the end result desired, ranging from 7.0 to 7,5%
Resumo:
Aluminum has been widely used in the forming and manufacture of beverage cans, specific aluminum alloy AA3104, which manufacturers are increasingly demanding as to mechanical properties, quality and reducing waste. This work describes the analysis and comparison of the behavior of earing AA3104 aluminum alloy samples of final thicknesses of 1.80 and 2.10 mm. Were obtained after a hot rolling process, a total population of 86 samples for the two different thicknesses, of which 23 samples of 1.80 mm and 2.10 mm 63 samples. After removal of samples, there was a mechanical test inlay, then characterizing the earing in them. The results earing to the thicknesses of 1.80 and 2.10 mm were analyzed and compared statistically to give 7.1% and 7.4% on average, respectively, correlated with the hot rolling process variables, showing that they are statistically equal and that the process variables do not affect the end result desired, ranging from 7.0 to 7,5%