Um caso de hidatidose policística autóctone de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Relata-se um caso de hidatidosepolicistica, em homem de 22 anos, clinicamente manifestada por dor no hipocôndrio direito, icterícia obstrutiva, hepatoesplenomegalia, perda de peso e, em estágio final, ascite. O diagnóstico foi após laparotomia exploradora, com biópsia hepática e peritoneal. O paciente evoluiu para o óbito, a despeito de ter sido tratado com mebendazol na dose de 1200 mg/dia, durante um ano. A necrópsia, constatou-se hidatidose do fígado, omento maior e peritônio diafragmático. Não se conseguiu identificar, à microscopia óptica, a espécie de Echinococcus envolvida; com base nos dados epidemiológicos e morfológicos disponíveis, o parasita em apreço poderia ser o Echinococcus vogeli ou o E. oligarthrus. Este parece ser o quarto caso de hidatidose policistica na literatura nacional e é, com muita probabilidade, autóctone de Minas Gerais.

Polycystic hydatid disease in Brazil: report of five new human cases and a short review of other published observations

This paper describes five additional Brazilian human cases of polycystic hydatid disease due to Echinococcus vogeli, reviews the previous cases reported in Brazil, including one report of E. oligarthus (20 in total), and some epidemiological aspects of this disease which is no longer a curiosity but rather a problem that is not medically easy to handle. Its presence should be expected in any rural area of the New World where humans have not eliminated wild felids/canids, bush dogs, pacas, agoutis and other wild rodents.

Hidatidose policística: relato de dois casos procedentes de Sena Madureira, Acre, na Amazônia brasileira

Dois casos de hidatidose policística (HP) são relatados, oriundos do mesmo município da região amazônica brasileira (Sena Madureira, Acre). Ambos tiveram a mesma apresentação e evolução clínica ao longo de dois anos de acompanhamento. Inicialmente os pacientes queixaram-se de dor abdominal no andar superior ou no hipocôndrio direito e apresentaram icterícia obstrutiva, febre, aumento de volume abdominal e emagrecimento. Por exame de imagem, além de esplenomegalia, cistos múltiplos e coalescentes foram detectados no fígado. Amostras de soro foram reagentes por contraimunoeletroforese. O tratamento com albendazol resultou em melhora parcial, com alívio sintomático e redução no tamanho das lesões. Este relato reforça a importância de estudos clínico-epidemiológicos da hidatidose policística na região amazônica brasileira, especialmente no município de Sena Madureira, onde outros pacientes com HP podem estar sem diagnóstico.

Inquérito sorológico da infecção pelo Echinococcus sp no município de Sena Madureira, AC

Foi realizado no município de Sena Madureira, Acre, um inquérito soroepidemiológico para avaliar o contato de indivíduos com o Echinococcus sp. Escolheu-se duas populações distintas, uma residente na área urbana e a outra na área rural do município, distribuída em comunidades ribeirinhas da região. Foram avaliados no total 1.064 indivíduos, dos quais 851 pertencentes à área urbana e 213 à área rural. O estudo foi dividido em duas partes: inquérito sorológico, no qual foram coletadas e enviadas amostras de sangue ao Laboratório de Sorologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, onde foram realizados os testes imunológicos pela técnica de contraimunoeletroforese; inquérito epidemiológico para avaliação individual, além de as condições de moradia e hábitos dos indivíduos. A prevalência sorológica na área rural foi 6%, enquanto na urbana fomos 3,5%. A prevalência geral foi 4%. Quando analisada a possibilidade da existência de outros hospedeiros intermediários no ciclo do Echinococcus vogeli, foram encontrados resultados que sugerem ser o porco doméstico o mais provável.

Leishmania, Babesia and Ehrlichia in urban pet dogs: co-infection or cross-reaction in serological methods?

INTRODUCTION: The present study was designed to assess the occurrence of co-infection or cross-reaction in the serological techniques used for detecting the anti-Leishmania spp., -Babesia canis vogeli and -Ehrlichia canis antibodies in urban dogs from an area endemic to these parasites. METHODS: The serum samples from dogs were tested for the Babesia canis vogeli strain Belo Horizonte antigen and Ehrlichia canis strain São Paulo by immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and by anti-Leishmania immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody detection to assess Leishmania infection. We used the following four commercial kits for canine visceral leishmaniasis: ELISA, IFAT, Dual Path Platform (DPP) (Bio Manguinhos(r)/FIOCRUZ/MS) and a rK39 RDT (Kalazar Detect Canine Rapid Test; Inbios). RESULTS : Of 96 serum samples submitted to serological assays, 4 (4.2%) were positive for Leishmania as determined by ELISA; 12 (12.5%), by IFAT; 14 (14.6%) by rK39 RDT; and 20 (20.8%), by DPP. Antibodies against Ehrlichia and Babesia were detected in 23/96 (23.9%) and 30/96 (31.2%) samples, respectively. No significant association was identified between the results of tests for detecting Babesia or Ehrlichia and those for detecting Leishmania (p-value>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, we demonstrated co-infection with Ehrlichia or Babesia and Leishmania in dogs from Minas Gerais (Brazil); we also found that the serological tests that were used did not cross-react.

Selection, Recombination and History in a Parasitic Flatworm (Echinococcus) Inferred from Nucleotide Sequences

Three species of flatworms from the genus Echinococcus (E. granulosus, E. multilocularis and E. vogeli) and four strains of E. granulosus (cattle, horse, pig and sheep strains) were analysed by the PCR-SSCP method followed by sequencing, using as targets two non-coding and two coding (one nuclear and one mitochondrial) genomic regions. The sequencing data was used to evaluate hypothesis about the parasite breeding system and the causes of genetic diversification. The calculated recombination parameters suggested that cross-fertilisation was rare in the history of the group. However, the relative rates of substitution in the coding sequences showed that positive selection (instead of purifying selection) drove the evolution of an elastase and neutrophil chemotaxis inhibitor gene (AgB/1). The phylogenetic analyses revealed several ambiguities, indicating that the taxonomic status of the E. granulosus horse strain should be revised

Polycystic echinococcosis in the state of Acre, Brazil: contribution to patient diagnosis, treatment and prognosis

The lack of knowledge regarding polycystic hydatid disease results in delayed or even incorrect diagnosis. The lack of systematic information regarding treatment also makes it difficult to assess the results and prognosis in patients with peritoneal and hepatic lesions caused by Echinococcus vogeli. Here we describe the clinical features of patients, propose a radiological classification protocol and describe a therapeutic option for the treatment of hydatid disease that previously had only been used for cases of cystic echinococcosis (Echinococcus granulosus). A prospective cohort study was initiated in 1999 and by 2009 the study included 60 patients. These patients were classified according to the PNM classification (parasite lesion, neighbouring organ invasion and metastases) and placed in one of three therapeutic modalities: (i) chemotherapy with albendazole at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day, (ii) surgical removal of cysts or (iii) percutaneous puncture of the cysts via puncture, aspiration, injection and re-aspiration (PAIR). The results were stratified according to therapeutic outcome: "cure", "clinical improvement", "no improvement", "death" or "no information". The PNM classification was useful in indicating the appropriate therapy in cases of polycystic hydatid disease. In conclusion, surgical therapy produced the best clinical results of all the therapies studied based on "cure" and "clinical improvement" outcomes. The use of PAIR for treatment requires additional study.

Sistemática, filogenia e distribuição geográfica das espécies sul-americanas de Centris (Paracentris) Cameron, 1903 e de Centris (Penthemisia) Moure, 1950, incluindo uma análise filogenética do "grupo Centris" sensu Ayala, 1998 (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Centridini)

Systematics, phylogeny and geographical distribution of the South American species of Centris (Paracentris) Cameron, 1903, and Centris (Penthemisia) Moure, 1950, including a phylogenetic analysis of the "Centris group" sensu Ayala, 1998 (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Centridini). A cladistic analysis with the objective of testing the hypothesis of monophily of Centris (Paracentris) Cameron, 1903, and of studying its phylogenetic relationships with the other subgenera that belong to the Centris group, sensu Ayala, 1998, and the relationships among the species that occur in South America, is presented. Centris (Paracentris) is a group of New World bees of amphitropical distribution, especially diversified in the Andes and in the xeric areas of South and North America. Thirty-one species were included in the analysis, four considered as outgroup, and 49 characters, all from external morphology and genitalia of adult specimens. Parsimony analyses with equal weights for the characters and successive weighting were performed with the programs NONA and PAUP, and analyses of implied weighting with the program PeeWee. The strict consensus among the trees obtained in all the analyses indicates that C. (Paracentris), as previously recognized, is a paraphyletic group. In order to eliminate that condition, the subgenera C. (Acritocentris), C. (Exallocentris) and C. (Xerocentris), all described by SNELLING (1974) are synonymized under C. (Paracentris). The subgenus C. (Penthemisia) Moure, 1950, previously considered a synonym of C. (Paracentris), is reinstated, but in a more restricted sense than originally proposed and with the following species: Centris brethesi Schrottky, 1902; C. buchholzi Herbst, 1918; C. chilensis (Spinola, 1851), C. mixta mixta Friese, 1904, and C. mixta tamarugalis Toro & Chiappa, 1989. Centris mixta, previously recognized as the only South American species of the subgenus C. (Xerocentris), a group supposedly amphitropical, came out as the sister-species of C. buchholzi. The following South American species were recognized under Centris (Paracentris): Centris burgdorfi Friese, 1901; C. caelebs Friese, 1900; C. cordillerana Roig-Alsina, 2000; C. euphenax Cockerell, 1913; C. flavohirta Friese, 1900; C. garleppi (Schrottky, 1913); C. klugii Friese, 1900; C. lyngbyei Jensen-Haarup, 1908; C. mourei Roig-Alsina, 2000; C. neffi Moure, 2000; C. nigerrima (Spinola, 1851); C. toroi sp. nov.; C. tricolor Friese, 1900; C. unifasciata (Schrottky, 1913), and C. vogeli Roig-Alsina, 2000. The relationships among the subgenera of the "Centris group" were: (Xanthemisia (Penthemisia (Centris s. str. - Paracentris))). Centris xanthomelaena Moure & Castro 2001, an endemic species of the Caatinga and previously considered a C. (Paracentris), came out as the sister group of C. (Centris) s. str. A new species of C. (Paracentris) from Chile is described: Centris toroi sp. nov. Lectotypus designations and redescriptions are presented for Centris burgdorfi, C. caelebs, C. lyngbyei, C. tricolor, C. autrani Vachal, 1904 and C. smithii Friese, 1900. New synonyms proposed: C. buchholzi Herbst, 1918 = Centris wilmattae Cockerell, 1926 syn. nov.; C. caelebs Friese, 1900 = Paracentris fulvohirta Cameron, 1903. The female of C. vogeli Roig-Alsina, 2000 and the male of C. xanthomelaena are described.

Cisto hidático do rim: tratamento médico

Resumo Introdução: A infecção por Echinococcus ou hidatidose constitui-se em uma zoonose causada pelo parasita Echinococcus granulosus. Apresenta distribuição mundial, sendo Portugal considerado endêmico. A doença hidática do rim é rara, ocorrendo em apenas 2% dos casos. Caso Clínico: Adolescente de 14 anos, do sexo masculino, com doença hidática do rim. O diagnóstico foi efetuado por exames de imagem e por teste sorológico específico. Foi instituída terapêutica com albendazol durante quatro ciclos de quatro semanas cada, tendo-se verificado diminuição significativa do tamanho do cisto e negatividade dos anticorpos específicos. Discussão: Embora a terapêutica recomendada seja a excisão cirúrgica, estudos demonstram que a terapêutica médica pode ser uma alternativa a considerar, permitindo a preservação do órgão.

Survey for Tick-Borne Zoonoses in the State of Espirito Santo, Southeastern Brazil

Blood samples collected from 201 humans, 92 dogs, and 27 horses in the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil, were tested by polymerase chain reaction, indirect immunofluorescence assays, and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for tick-borne diseases (rickettsiosis, ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis, borreliosis, babesiosis). Our results indicated that the surveyed counties are endemic for spotted fever group rickettsiosis because sera from 70 (34.8%) humans, 7 (7.6%) dogs, and 7 (25.9%) horses were reactive to at least one of the six Rickettsia species tested. Although there was evidence of ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia canis) and babesiosis (Babesia cams vogeli, Theileria equi) in domestic animals, no human was positive for babesiosis and only four individuals were serologically positive for E. canis. Borrelia burgdorferi-serologic reactive sera were rare among humans and horses, but encompassed 51% of the canine samples, suggesting that dogs and their ticks can be part of the epidemiological cycle of the causative agent of the Brazilian zoonosis, named Baggio-Yoshinari Syndrome.

Babesia spp. infection in dogs from rural areas of São Paulo State, Brazil

The status of Babesia spp. infection in dogs from rural areas of São Paulo State, Brazil was Studied. For this, l 50 animals were examined by blood smears and by PCR; the presence of tick infestation was also investigated. By the blood smear examination, 3 animals (2%) were detected positive and by PCR for Babesia spp. 12 (8%) were positive, with bands Visualized in 450 bp. Rhipicephalus sanguineus or Amblyomma spp. were found on 36 (24%) of the 150 dogs. Amblyomma species found were A. cajennense (9/36-25%) and A. ovale (9/36-25%). It was not possible to correlate the presence of R. sanguineus and the infection with Babesia spp. The sequencing of four positive samples demonstrated close identity with B. canis vogeli already characterized in Brazil.

Avaliação sorológica de patógenos transmitidos por carrapatos em cães urbanos e rurais do estado do Paraná, Brasil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo parasitológico e molecular da infecção por Babesia spp. em cães rurais do estado de São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

Ocorrência de infecções por Babesia spp. e Hepatozoon spp. em gatos domésticos (Felis domesticus) do Estado de São Paulo e do Distrito Federal

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

Erliquiose monocítica canina subclínica, naturalmente adquirida: diagnóstico, aspectos clínico-laboratoriais, envolvimento renal e evolução com o tratamento

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV