A degradação ambiental de bacias hidrográficas urbanas e as políticas públicas no Município de São Gonçalo/RJ

No presente trabalho, buscou-se identificar os conflitos de interesses existentes nos três níveis do poder executivo que dificultam a gestão integrada de políticas públicas voltadas para a recuperação ambiental dos rios urbanos, considerando-se, como área de estudo, o Município de São Gonçalo (RJ). A pesquisa exploratória consistiu em revisão bibliográfica e trabalho empírico. No referencial teórico de análise, abordou-se a formação do Estado brasileiro, as políticas públicas e as relações de poder entre os agentes na tomada de decisão e na administração da coisa pública. Através de revisão na literatura, levantou--se o contexto histórico da ocupação e da degradação dos rios de São Gonçalo e da Baixada Fluminense, os planos e projetos para o setor de saneamento da região, bem como se empreendeu a compilação das normas legais pertinentes à gestão do território, aos recursos hídricos e ao saneamento. O trabalho de campo consistiu em levantamento de dados sobre a degradação das bacias hidrográficas no Município de São Gonçalo e das inter-relações existentes nas políticas públicas referentes à Região Hidrográfica da Bacia da Baía de Guanabara, onde o município em comento se insere. O estudo do caso evidenciou que a degradação dos rios urbanos é resultante, entre outros fatores, da falta de articulação das três esferas de governo, da descontinuidade das ações públicas, de interesses políticos e financeiros desarticulados das demandas socioambientais, da falta de infraestrutura técnica e financeira dos municípios, da pouca participação social no planejamento e tomada de decisões face às relações desiguais de poder, além da inconsistência e desarticulação dos planos e projetos governamentais, a exemplo dos planos diretores de uso ocupação do solo. Conclui-se ser fundamental o fortalecimento dos comitês de bacia e das instituições que os integram, possibilitando a articulação entre as políticas públicas municipais e as do governo estadual e federal, em relação às condicionantes ambientais, bem como ao uso do solo e ao saneamento. A solução dos problemas relativos aos rios urbanos só será possível através da gestão integrada e participativa, envolvendo efetivamente os diferentes setores usuários da bacia hidrográfica. O controle social das ações é imprescindível para manter a coerência, a efetividade, a eficácia e a continuidade dos planos, projetos e políticas do Estado. Assim, poderá ser contido o processo contínuo de degradação ambiental, em particular, dos recursos hídricos em bacias urbanas como acontece no Município de São Gonçalo e em diversos outros municípios brasileiros. Espera-se que esse estudo contribua para o aprimoramento do conhecimento e de soluções no que concerne à morte iminente dos rios urbanos do país.

Potential impacts of leakage from deep CO2 geosequestration on overlying freshwater aquifers.

Carbon Capture and Storage may use deep saline aquifers for CO(2) sequestration, but small CO(2) leakage could pose a risk to overlying fresh groundwater. We performed laboratory incubations of CO(2) infiltration under oxidizing conditions for >300 days on samples from four freshwater aquifers to 1) understand how CO(2) leakage affects freshwater quality; 2) develop selection criteria for deep sequestration sites based on inorganic metal contamination caused by CO(2) leaks to shallow aquifers; and 3) identify geochemical signatures for early detection criteria. After exposure to CO(2), water pH declines of 1-2 units were apparent in all aquifer samples. CO(2) caused concentrations of the alkali and alkaline earths and manganese, cobalt, nickel, and iron to increase by more than 2 orders of magnitude. Potentially dangerous uranium and barium increased throughout the entire experiment in some samples. Solid-phase metal mobility, carbonate buffering capacity, and redox state in the shallow overlying aquifers influence the impact of CO(2) leakage and should be considered when selecting deep geosequestration sites. Manganese, iron, calcium, and pH could be used as geochemical markers of a CO(2) leak, as their concentrations increase within 2 weeks of exposure to CO(2).

Cyanobacteria blooms and cyanotoxin occurrence in the Guadiana (SE - Portugal): preliminary results

Cyanobacteria are a recognised public health hazard, because the majority of species is able to produce toxins. The monitoring is usually restricted to freshwater environments, like lakes or dams used for water supply. Cyanobacteria blooms have been regularly reported in the Guadiana River and high estuary and most of the observed cyanobacteria were toxin producers.

Avaliação ecológico-econômica do manguezal de Macau/RN e a importância da aplicação de práticas preservacionistas pela indústria petrolífera local

This work presents the results of a survey in oil-producing region of the Macau City, northern coast of Rio Grande do Norte. All work was performed under the Project for Monitoring Environmental Change and the Influence of Hydrodynamic forcing on Morphology Beach Grass Fields, Serra Potiguar in Macau, with the support of the Laboratory of Geoprocessing, linked to PRH22 - Training Program in Geology Geophysics and Information Technology Oil and Gas - Department of Geology/CCET/UFRN and the Post-Graduation in Science and Engineering Oil/PPGCEP/UFRN. Within the economic-ecological context, this paper assesses the importance of mangrove ecosystem in the region of Macau and its surroundings as well as in the following investigative exploration of potential areas for projects involving reforestation and / or Environmental Restoration. At first it was confirmed the ecological potential of mangrove forests, with primary functions: (i) protection and stabilization of the shoreline, (ii) nursery of marine life, and (iii) source of organic matter to aquatic ecosystems, (iv) refuge of species, among others. In the second phase, using Landsat imagery and techniques of Digital Image Processing (DIP), I came across about 18,000 acres of land that can be worked on environmental projects, being inserted in the rules signed the Kyoto Protocol to the market carbon. The results also revealed a total area of 14,723.75 hectares of activity of shrimp production and salting that can be harnessed for the social, economic and environmental potential of the region, considering that over 60% of this area, ie, 8,800 acres, may be used in the planting of the genus Avicennia considered by the literature that the species best sequesters atmospheric carbon, reaching a mean value of 59.79 tons / ha of mangrove

Proposta de zoneamento ambiental visando a proteção dos recursos hídricos de uma bacia hidrográfica

One of the most important natural resources for sustaining human life, water, has been losing the basic requirements of quality and quantity sufficient enough to attend the population due to water contamination'problems, often caused by human beings themselves. Because of this, the sources of this resource are often located in remote places of the natural environment to ensure the quality of the water. However, when urban expansion began to occupy these areas, which were once regarded as distant, environmental pollution problems began to occur due to occupation of the land without planning. Based on this occurrence, this study aims to propose environmental zoning for the Maxaranguape river watershed in order to protect its water resources. This is important because this river can serve as a source of supply for the metropolitan area of Natal, the capital of Rio Grande do Norte. In accordance to this proposition, the model of natural soil loss vulnerability (CREPANI et al., 2001), the model of aquifer pollution vulnerability (FOSTER et al., 2006), and the legal incompatibility map (CREPANI et al., 2001) were used to delimit the zones. All this was done with Geographic Information System (GIS) and also created a geographic database update of the basin. The results of the first model mentioned indicated that 63.67% of the basin was classified as moderately stable / vulnerable, 35.66% as moderately vulnerable, and 0.67% as vulnerable. The areas with high vulnerability degree correspond with sand dunes and river channels areas. The second model indicated that 2.84% of the basin has low vulnerability, 70.27%) has median vulnerability, and 26.76% and 0.13% has high vulnerability and extreme vulnerability, respectively. The areas with the highest vulnerability values also refer to part of the sand dunes and river channels besides other areas such as Pureza urban area. The legal incompatibility map indicated that the basin has 85.02 km2 of Permanent Protection Area (PPA) and 14.62% of this area has some incongruity of use. Based on these results it was possible to draw three main zones: Protection and Sustainable Use Zone (PSUZ), Protection and Environmental Restoration Zone (PERZ) and Environmental Control Zone, which are divided into A, B and C. The PSUZ refer to the coastal areas of the basin, where the sand dunes are located. These sites should be areas of environmental protection and of sustainable urban expansion. The ZPRA refer to river channels, which are in high need of rehabilitation. The third zone corresponds to the rest of the basin which should have, in general, the mapping of possible sources of contamination for further control on the use and occupation of the river

Análise fitoecológica do manguezal e ocupação das margens do estuário hipersalino apodi/mossoró (rn brasil) a biotecnologia vegetal como alternativa para a cotonicultura

The mangrove is a coastal ecosystem of the big ecological importance, showing high fragility front by natural process and the human interventions in the coastal zone. This research has objective to analyses the relation between mangrove species distribution and geochemical parameters variation of the water and soil in Apodi/Mossoro estuary, located in the Rio Grande do Norte state north coastline. The results were obtained from floristic and structural analysis of the vegetation and Quick Bird satellite images interpretation (collected in 2006 year), manipulated with ENVI 4.3 and ArcGIS 9.2 software s. This estuary was characterized by to presents a gradient of the salinity around 40 kilometers extension, finding amount between 50 and 90 g/l-1. Will be identified the formation of the mix vegetation formation in the estuary mount, where the water salinity no show express wide variation on seawater (36 g/l-1), finding species: Rhizophora mangle L., Laguncularia racemosa (L.) C. F. Gaertn, Avicennia schaueriana Stap. & Leechman e Avicennia germinans L. Along of the estuary, have a streak formation of the vegetation composed by Avicennia spp. and L. racemosa. In high estuary, where the salinities value stay above 60 g/l-1, only A. germinans predominate in dwarf form. In this sense, the salinity is as a limiting factor of stress on the mangrove vegetation as it enters the estuary, this parameter should be taken into account when drawing up management plans and environmental restoration in the estuary in question

Estimating coancestry within open-pollinated progenies of a dioecious species: the case study of Myracrodruon urundeuva

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Contemporary pollen flow, mating patterns and effective population size inferred from paternity analysis in a small fragmented population of the Neotropical tree Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Planejamento do uso do solo em uma bacia hidrográfica para conservação dos recursos hídricos

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) - FCA

Distância e padrões de dispersão contemporânea de pólen e sistema de reprodução em pequeno fragmento isolado de Copaifera Langsdorfii Desf. (Leguminosae – Caesalpinoideae)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Uso de marcadores microssatélites para estimar parentescos dentro de progênies de polinização aberta de espécies arbóreas dióicas: um estudo de caso de Myracrodruon urundeuva (F.F. & M.F. Allemão)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Manejo hídrico sobre o desenvolvimento e a qualidade de mudas florestais nativas em ambientes protegidos

Pós-graduação em Ciência Florestal - FCA

Gestão em áreas protegidas: proposição metodológica para análise de impactos socioambientais nas comunidades tradicionais da APA Chapada do Araripe

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Banco de sementes do solo em áreas de mineração e do entorno

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Técnicas de Bioengenharia Aplicadas ás Áreas de Preservação Permanente Urbanas – Presidente Prudente, São Paulo

There is a demand to incorporate the nature in the city in order to meet the wishes of the entire population. The valuation of water, a key component of the quality of the landscape, becomes a key element in this context both for its ecological potential because of their potential for recreational activities. The areas that suffer most impacts are the Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) and this paper will be a weighting on the urban interface - PPA. With the study area the basin of the stream of Limoeiro, in the context of the Friendship Fountain Balneary, especially the source contained between residential neighborhoods Maré Mansa and Parque Imperial, the city of Presidente Prudente and Álvares Machado, Sao Paulo, this paper aims to search and use of knowledge about technologies and techniques of environmental restoration, with emphasis on bioengineering, through an environmental characterization of the basin, with a view the incorporation of nature in the lives of the urban population. The methodology includes: literature review priority issues related to the PPAs, linear parks, relevant environmental legislation, environmental characterization of the watershed of the stream Limoeiro; study of technologies and techniques for environmental remediation of soil bioengineering and implementation of parks linear, development of proposals for the environmental recovery of PPA in the basin of the stream Limoeiro, focusing on emerging... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)