Mapping, organic matter mass and water volume of a peatland in Serra do Espinhaço Meridional

Peatlands form in areas where net primary of organic matter production exceeds losses due to the decomposition, leaching or disturbance. Due to their chemical and physical characteristics, bogs can influence water dynamics because they can store large volumes of water in the rainy season and gradually release this water during the other months of the year. In Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil, a peatland in the environmental protection area of Pau-de-Fruta ensures the water supply of 40,000 inhabitants. The hypothesis of this study is that the peat bogs in Pau-de-Fruta act as an environment for carbon storage and a regulator of water flow in the Córrego das Pedras basin. The objective of this study was to estimate the water volume and organic matter mass in this peatland and to study the influence of this environment on the water flow in the Córrego das Pedras basin. The peatland was mapped using 57 transects, at intervals of 100 m. Along all transects, the depth of the peat bog, the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates and altitude were recorded every 20 m and used to calculate the area and volume of the peatland. The water volume was estimated, using a method developed in this study, and the mass of organic matter based on samples from 106 profiles. The peatland covered 81.7 hectares (ha), and stored 497,767 m³ of water, representing 83.7 % of the total volume of the peat bog. The total amount of organic matter (OM) was 45,148 t, corresponding to 552 t ha-1 of OM. The peat bog occupies 11.9 % of the area covered by the Córrego das Pedras basin and stores 77.6 % of the annual water surplus, thus controlling the water flow in the basin and consequently regulating the water course.

Ecologia de Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) cearensis (Hymenoptera, Anthophoridae) nas dunas litorâneas de Abaeté, Salvador, Bahia

The study was carried out in a 8.2 ha area in an environmental protection area of tropical sea coastal sand dune with "restinga" vegetation in Salvador, Bahia, northeastern Brazil. A total of 1760 bees of Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) cearensis Ducke, 1910 were netted during the whole year on flowers of 43 plant species belonging to 26 botanic families. The majority of the individuals (79%) concentrated their foraging activity in five plant species. Individuals foraged all day long being the greatest activity between 8 h and 14 h. Similar proportions of young and old bees were sampled over the year. The density of substrates used for nesting was 4.56/ha. In total, 94% of the nests were found in branches of Agaristha revoluta (Spr.) DC. (Ericaceae). The great occurrence (68.7%) of old perforations indicates that the nests were used twice or more times by bees.

Projeto raia de fogo: aspectos populacionais da raia de fogo (Dasyatis marianae Gomes, Rosa & Gadig, 2000) e pesca de elasmobrânquios no complexo recifal do Parracho de Maracajaú

The species Dasyatis marianae inhabits coastal areas associated with coral reefs, considered endemic to the northeast of Brazil, occurring from the State of Maranhão to the south of Bahia. Specimens of this species are commonly sighted by divers and fishermen in the area of Maracajaú reefs, a complex reef that is part of the Environmental Protection Area of Coral Reefs (EPACR), which was developed in this study about the ecology and biology of the D. marianae, in order to characterize aspects of population structure in the area of the reef complex of Parracho de Maracajaú. We analyzed 120 specimens caught by artisanal fishing site of the size, weight, sex, stage of maturity and stomach contents. Most subjects were adult males (1.7:1) and was more abundant for rays with lengths between 25 and 29cm of LD, where females reach larger sizes, a feature common to other rays. The largest specimens were captured in the area of seagrass, which is preferred for the species. The distribution of species in the area showed an ontogenetic and sexual segregation, where the youthful occur near the beach, which is a likely area for nursery and growth of the adult females prevail in the seagrass, which apparently has a high prey availability, and Adult males are more distant, a higher proportion occurring in outlying areas, suggesting a habit more exploratory than the females. The evaluation of the reproductive system indicated 3 reproductive cycles per year, one young per pregnancy, and showed that the mature males were smaller than females. The cubs of D. marianae size at birth 12 to 15cm LD. As for diet, the species was characterized as carnivorous crustacean specialist. The performance of visual censuses in different localities allowed to evaluate the density of D. marianae in different environments of the complex. The species occurs in greater numbers in seagrass, environment very important for the conservation of the species. 100 individuals of D. marianae marked in reef complex area enrolled in a recapture rate of 3%. Some behavioral aspects were evaluated, as diurnal pattern of activity, interaction with cleaning and fish Pomacanthus paru followers as Lutjanus analis and Carangoides bartholomaei. Overall, much of the information obtained should be used for management of the species

Avaliação da cobertura e monitoramento do branqueamento de corais nos

Coral bleaching has been increasingly the focus of research around the world since the early 1980s, when it was verified to be increasing in frequency, intensity and amount of areas affected. The phenomenon has been recorded since 1993, associated with elevation of the sea surface temperature due to El Niños and water thermal anomalies, according to most reports around the world. On the coast of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, a mass coral bleaching event was recorded in the Environmental Protection Area of Coral Reefs (APARC) during March and April 2010, when the water temperature reached 34°C for several days. About 80% of the corals in Maracajaú reef-complex exhibited partial or total bleaching. The aims of this study were to verify representativeness of coral coverage and how the bleaching dynamic has developed among different species. Coral coverage was estimated according to Reef Check Brazil protocol associated with quadrant method, and bleaching was evaluated from biweekly visual surveys in 80 colonies of Favia gravida, Porites astreoides, Siderastrea stellata and Millepora alcicornis. At the same time temperature, pH, salinity and horizontal transparency, as well as mortality and disease occurrence were monitored. Analysis of variance and Multiple Regression from the perspective of time lag concept were used to evaluate the bleaching dynamics among species and the relationship between variation of means of bleaching and variations of abiotic parameters, respectively. Species showed significant differences among themselves as to variation of means of bleaching over time, but the dynamic of variation exhibited similar patterns

Monitoramento hídrico e determinação de áreas de conflito da sub-bacia do Córrego Saudade, Uberaba-MG

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

Classificação da qualidade da água do Córrego Lanoso, Uberaba - MG

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Área de proteção ambiental da Ilha do Combu, Belém/PA: desafios de implantação e de gestão de uma unidade de conservação

Esta dissertação de mestrado constitui-se em um estudo de caso do processo de criação, implementação e gestão da Área de Proteção Ambiental da Ilha do Combu (APA Combu) localizada no município de Belém no estado do Pará, delimitada temporalmente a partir do ato de sua criação no ano de 1997 ao período atual, ano de 2010. Como principais objetivos pretenderam-se analisar e refletir sobre os principais desafios e possibilidades da gestão ambiental da Área de Proteção Ambiental da Ilha do Combu; identificar as principais mudanças ocorridas na Ilha do Combu após o processo de criação da APA e identificar os principais problemas existentes na APA da Ilha do Combu. Os problemas que pretendemos responder são: Quais os principais desafios colocados e as possibilidades de uma gestão ambiental na APA da Ilha do Combu no contexto atual? Como se deu processo de criação da APA da Ilha do Combu na ótica do órgão gestor e das lideranças locais? E o que significou para a população da Ilha do Combu na ótica das lideranças locais a criação da APA? A pesquisa é de cunho qualitativo e de caráter interdisciplinar por abordar o problema na ótica de várias disciplinas buscando uma visão holística. Para a sua realização foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico, consultas e análises de fontes documentais, visitas de campo, trilhas no interior da ilha, observação simples em reuniões e oficinas e entrevistas com as lideranças locais da APA, gestores e técnicos do órgão ambiental. Utilizamo-nos também da cartografia como recurso metodológico para entender a dinâmica desse território e para georreferenciar a configuração atual da APA por meio de marcação de pontos através de GPS. As principais conclusões apontam para a fragilidade da gestão em unidades de conservação. Os desafios referem-se aos aspectos relacionados às demandas, aspecto cultural, órgão gestor e conselho e uma atenta visão de futuro. As possibilidades encontram-se na manutenção de uma floresta ainda bem conservada, a existência de um significativo arranjo institucional e lideranças comprometidas com o lugar. Não partiu da população local a criação da APA e nem houve um conhecimento por todos da sua criação. A criação da APA não teve muito significado para o cotidiano da sua população porque nenhuma mudança foi percebida desde a sua criação. Mas, salienta que a partir de dois anos para cá já é sentido algumas tímidas intervenções do órgão gestor responsável, inclusive com grande expectativa na construção da sede da APA na ilha.

Cultura, territorialidade e desenvolvimento local: o caso da APA do rio Curiaú no Amapá

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre fortalecimento e valorização cultural e a promoção do desenvolvimento local na Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) do Rio Curiaú no Amapá. Imbricada de interesses diversos e conflitos instigantes, esta relação presume a identificação de territorialidades como um elemento teórico e empírico importante para o entendimento da problemática proposta. Nesse sentido, serão abordadas, em conjunto com a dimensão cultural, as dimensões políticas, econômicas e ambientais que são pertinentes à esta área protegida. Isso porque a mesma está sobreposta a um Território Quilombola (TQ) e resulta, assim, em um espaço profícuo para a elaboração de um análise científica que vise a compreensão do desenvolvimento nestas condições.

No contorno da serra: campesinato, cultura e turismo em Guaramiranga - CE

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Identificação de Plasmodium spp. em primatas neotropicais e em anofelinos em municípios da região de São Luís, estado do Maranhão, Brasil

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Florística e ecologia de briófitas em um fragmento de restinga no extremo sul do Brasil

A Área de Proteção Ambiental da Lagoa Verde é composta por um mosaico de unidades ambientais. Entre elas, destaca-se um fragmento de mata de restinga que reúne características físicas e microclimáticas para o estudo de ecologia de briófitas. Este estudo teve por objetivo realizar o levantamento das espécies de briófitas; fornece novas ocorrências de briófitas para o Rio Grande do Sul; avaliar a influência dos gradientes longitudinal e vertical na distribuição de briófitas; quantificar a variação da diversidade de briófitas nos gradientes longitudinal e vertical. Foram identificadas 51 espécies de briófitas como novas ocorrências para o Rio Grande do Sul, sendo 11 musgos e 40 hepáticas. Além do local de estudo foram identificadas espécies que estavam no herbário SP. No estudo dos gradientes longitudinal e vertical foram identificadas 53 espécies de briófitas, sendo 17 musgos e 36 hepáticas. Através da análise dos transectos e da inclusão dos forófitos subdivididos em três zonas de altura, foram coletadas amostras terrícolas e corticícolas. As briófitas respondem aos gradientes, através dos fatores microclimáticos (luminosidade e umidade), em relação ao aumento da riqueza e mudança na composição de espécies. A partição aditiva da diversidade de briófitas quantificou a variação da composição de espécies em cada gradiente. A diversidade entre cada nível dos gradientes longitudinal (umidade) e vertical (luminosidade) variou em torno de 40% e 50%, respectivamente. Em conclusão, o estudo sobre a ecologia de briófitas gerou conhecimento sobre a diversidade e biogeografia das espécies; contribuiu para o entendimento da distribuição das briófitas em função dos gradientes longitudinal e vertical, por influência de fatores microclimáticos e; revelou a variação da composição de espécies em função dos gradientes horizontal (umidade) e vertical (luminosidade).

Projeto raia de fogo: aspectos populacionais da raia de fogo (Dasyatis marianae Gomes, Rosa & Gadig, 2000) e pesca de elasmobrânquios no complexo recifal do Parracho de Maracajaú

The species Dasyatis marianae inhabits coastal areas associated with coral reefs, considered endemic to the northeast of Brazil, occurring from the State of Maranhão to the south of Bahia. Specimens of this species are commonly sighted by divers and fishermen in the area of Maracajaú reefs, a complex reef that is part of the Environmental Protection Area of Coral Reefs (EPACR), which was developed in this study about the ecology and biology of the D. marianae, in order to characterize aspects of population structure in the area of the reef complex of Parracho de Maracajaú. We analyzed 120 specimens caught by artisanal fishing site of the size, weight, sex, stage of maturity and stomach contents. Most subjects were adult males (1.7:1) and was more abundant for rays with lengths between 25 and 29cm of LD, where females reach larger sizes, a feature common to other rays. The largest specimens were captured in the area of seagrass, which is preferred for the species. The distribution of species in the area showed an ontogenetic and sexual segregation, where the youthful occur near the beach, which is a likely area for nursery and growth of the adult females prevail in the seagrass, which apparently has a high prey availability, and Adult males are more distant, a higher proportion occurring in outlying areas, suggesting a habit more exploratory than the females. The evaluation of the reproductive system indicated 3 reproductive cycles per year, one young per pregnancy, and showed that the mature males were smaller than females. The cubs of D. marianae size at birth 12 to 15cm LD. As for diet, the species was characterized as carnivorous crustacean specialist. The performance of visual censuses in different localities allowed to evaluate the density of D. marianae in different environments of the complex. The species occurs in greater numbers in seagrass, environment very important for the conservation of the species. 100 individuals of D. marianae marked in reef complex area enrolled in a recapture rate of 3%. Some behavioral aspects were evaluated, as diurnal pattern of activity, interaction with cleaning and fish Pomacanthus paru followers as Lutjanus analis and Carangoides bartholomaei. Overall, much of the information obtained should be used for management of the species

Projeto raia de fogo: aspectos populacionais da raia de fogo (Dasyatis marianae Gomes, Rosa & Gadig, 2000) e pesca de elasmobrânquios no complexo recifal do Parracho de Maracajaú

The species Dasyatis marianae inhabits coastal areas associated with coral reefs, considered endemic to the northeast of Brazil, occurring from the State of Maranhão to the south of Bahia. Specimens of this species are commonly sighted by divers and fishermen in the area of Maracajaú reefs, a complex reef that is part of the Environmental Protection Area of Coral Reefs (EPACR), which was developed in this study about the ecology and biology of the D. marianae, in order to characterize aspects of population structure in the area of the reef complex of Parracho de Maracajaú. We analyzed 120 specimens caught by artisanal fishing site of the size, weight, sex, stage of maturity and stomach contents. Most subjects were adult males (1.7:1) and was more abundant for rays with lengths between 25 and 29cm of LD, where females reach larger sizes, a feature common to other rays. The largest specimens were captured in the area of seagrass, which is preferred for the species. The distribution of species in the area showed an ontogenetic and sexual segregation, where the youthful occur near the beach, which is a likely area for nursery and growth of the adult females prevail in the seagrass, which apparently has a high prey availability, and Adult males are more distant, a higher proportion occurring in outlying areas, suggesting a habit more exploratory than the females. The evaluation of the reproductive system indicated 3 reproductive cycles per year, one young per pregnancy, and showed that the mature males were smaller than females. The cubs of D. marianae size at birth 12 to 15cm LD. As for diet, the species was characterized as carnivorous crustacean specialist. The performance of visual censuses in different localities allowed to evaluate the density of D. marianae in different environments of the complex. The species occurs in greater numbers in seagrass, environment very important for the conservation of the species. 100 individuals of D. marianae marked in reef complex area enrolled in a recapture rate of 3%. Some behavioral aspects were evaluated, as diurnal pattern of activity, interaction with cleaning and fish Pomacanthus paru followers as Lutjanus analis and Carangoides bartholomaei. Overall, much of the information obtained should be used for management of the species

A INFLUÊNCIA DO ESTOQUE DE MATÉRIA ORGÂNICA DO SOLO EM FRAGMENTOS FLORESTAIS DE MATA ATLÂNTICA

In the Atlantic forest biome, very fragmented and with high diversity of ecosystems, of species, and high endemism degree, the maintenance of the status of the biological diversity presupposes the recovery and conservation of the mosaic of existent fragments. In that context, the use of global functional indicators for the evaluation of the state of conservation of fragments, for the character of systemic synthesis that they act becomes interesting. In tropical forests ecosystems, the surface organic matter stock of the soil is one functional indicator of the decomposition subsystem and they are responsible in big measured by the maintenance and survival of the communities of those ecosystems group. The human action when fragmenting the forest ecosystems, as it substitutes the native forest for different forms of use of the soil, it creates different head offices that they exercise pressures differentiated on the fragment and, consequently, on the operation of the fundamental processes of the ecosystem that represents it. Thus, in the sense of understanding the state of functional conservation of fragments forest remainders of the Atlantic forest, in the extent of the Environmental Protection Area of Petrópolis - Rio de Janeiro, which interferes in the Mosaic of Units of Conservation of the Fluminense Central Atlantic forest and, in a larger scale still, in the Ecological Corridor of the Serra do Mar, in the present study the stock of organic matter of surface of four forest fragments in summer of 2008 and summer of 2009 are analyzed comparatively.