Cultural distance and negotiation behavior : Perception of entrepreneurs operating in Turku

This thesis investigates the influence of cultural distance on entrepreneurs’ negotiation behaviour. For this purpose, Turku was chosen as the unit of analysis due to the exponential demographic change experienced during the last two decades that has derived in a more diversified local environment. The research aim set for this study was to identify to what extent entrepreneurs face cultural distance, how cultural distance influences the entrepreneur’s negotiation behaviour and how can it be addressed in order to turn dissimilarities into opportunities. This study presented the relation and apparent dichotomy of cultural distance and global culture, including the component of diversity. The impact of cultural distance in the entrepreneurial mindset and its consequent effect in negotiation behaviour was presented too. Addressing questions about the way individuals perceive, behave and interact allowed the use of interviews for this qualitative research study. In the empirical part of this study it was found that negotiation behaviour differed in terms of how congenial entrepreneurs felt when managing cultural distance, encompassing their performance. It was also acknowledged that after time and effort, some of the personal traits were enhanced while others reduced, allowing for more flexibility and adaptation. Furthermore, depending on the level of trust and shared interests, entrepreneurs determined their attitudinal approach, being adaptive or reactive subject to situational aspects. Additionally, it was found that the acquisition of cultural savvy not necessarily conveyed to more creativity. This experiential learning capability led to the proposition of new ways of behaviour. Likewise, it was proposed that growing cultural intelligence bridge distances, reducing mistrusts and misunderstandings. The capability of building more collaborative relationships allows entrepreneurs to see cultural distance as a cultural perspective instead of as a threat. Therefore it was recommended to focus on proximity rather than distance to better identify and exploit untapped opportunities and better perform when negotiating in whichever cultural conditions.

Profits and votes: Entrepreneurs and the government in Brazilian housing policy

ABSTRACTAfter more than twenty years of low housing construction output, the housing policy recovered its momentum in the country with the ascent of the Partido dos Trabalhadores (Workers' Party, PT) to the seat of the federal government. This article demonstrates - through the analysis of documents, interviews and research conducted with businessmen - that the impetus of such a state policy is a part of the PT electoral strategy, which is based on economic growth and the expansion of social programs. The research analyses the dovetailing of interests between the Lula (the Brazilian President from 2003 to 2010) administration and the civil construction business - the latter concerned with expanding its business, and the former with increasing the supply of jobs and the level of economic activity. This process culminated in the launching of the largest social housing program to be implemented in the country. Minha Casa, Minha Vida (My House, My Life), is a project in whose planning building companies played a key role, performing feasibility studies and carrying out social housing projects.

The role of diaspora networks in opportunity exploitation by ethnic entrepreneurs in Finland

The thesis explores the role of diaspora network in opportunity exploitation by ethnic entrepreneurs in Finland. The purpose of this study is to how ethnic entrepreneurs in Finland can exploit diaspora networks and how significant support of these networks in comparison with governmental and other official institutional support. Increased mobility of the global population and number of immigrants all around the world contribute into interest of academics to this topic. At the same time, in comparison with other European countries for Finland this phenomenon is new. However, increasing number of immigrants add to academic interest to this topic. The theoretical background of this thesis consists of the collection of studies done on diaspora networks and ethnic entrepreneurs as internationally as in Finland. The concept of cooperation between diaspora and ethnic entrepreneurs describes how diaspora can support ethnic entrepreneur and emphasize importance of diaspora ties for business. At the end of the theoretical section theoretical a special grid was proposed as summary of the academic literature review. The empirical research for this study is based on the interviews with five ethnic entrepreneurs in Finland. Empirical data was analyzed and compared with the similar studies done internationally. During the interviews analyses were stressed aspects of the significance of governmental and other official institutional support. During the interviews analyses were stressed aspects of the significance of the governmental and other official institutional support. According to the main findings diaspora can play positive and in some cases crucial role in the business of ethnic entrepreneurs in Finland. Moreover, diaspora can be a facilitator of internationalization of ethnic entrepreneurs. At the same time, there are several factors which might increase or decrease role of diaspora. The ways of the utilization of diaspora network were combined in the empirical grid. The study enhance understanding of the challenges of ethnic entrepreneurs and provides certain recommendations for the policy makers, ethnic entrepreneurs and managers of official institutions involved in cooperation with ethnic entrepreneurs

Cours de construction ; 1re-2e parties, 1-2. Cours de construction destiné aux conducteurs et employés des Ponts et chaussées, agents-voyers, architectes, garde-mines, employés des compagnies de chemins de fer, entrepreneurs, maîtres ouvriers (charpentiers, menuisiers, serruriers, maçons, tailleurs de pierre, etc.), et à toutes les personnes s'occupant de travaux à un titre quelconque. Matériaux de construction et leur emploi / par Gustave Oslet,...

Collection : Encyclopédie théorique et pratique des connaissances civiles et militaires ; partie 1, livre 6

Cours de construction ; 1re-2e parties, 1-2. Cours de construction destiné aux conducteurs et employés des Ponts et chaussées, agents-voyers, architectes, garde-mines, employés des compagnies de chemins de fer, entrepreneurs, maîtres ouvriers (charpentiers, menuisiers, serruriers, maçons, tailleurs de pierre, etc.), et à toutes les personnes s'occupant de travaux à un titre quelconque. Traité de géodésie / par Gustave Oslet,...

Collection : Encyclopédie théorique et pratique des connaissances civiles et militaires ; partie 1, livre 6

Code des maîtres de poste, des entrepreneurs de diligences et de roulage, et des voituriers en général par terre et par eau, ou Recueil général des arrêts du Conseil, arrêts de règlement, lois, décrets... et autres actes de l'autorité publique. Partie 2 / ... par A. Lanoë,...

[Acte royal. 1642-1827]

Code des maîtres de poste, des entrepreneurs de diligences et de roulage, et des voituriers en général par terre et par eau, ou Recueil général des arrêts du Conseil, arrêts de règlement, lois, décrets... et autres actes de l'autorité publique. Partie 1 / ... par A. Lanoë,...

[Acte royal. 1642-1827]

Nouveau code des maîtres de poste, des entrepreneurs de diligences et de roulage, et des voituriers en général par terre et par eau.... Partie 1 / par A. Lanoé,...

[Acte royal. 1642-1827]

Nouveau code des maîtres de poste, des entrepreneurs de diligences et de roulage, et des voituriers en général par terre et par eau.... Partie 2 / par A. Lanoé,...

[Acte royal. 1642-1827]

(Lettres patentes de Philippe IV roi d'Espagne, portant) cession de 350 mesures de terre et érection en seigneurie au profit des entrepreneurs des moëres

[Acte. 1628-04-12. Bruxelles]