958 resultados para Eletroforese em gel de agarose
Resumo:
Apoptose tem um papel importante na manutenção da homeostase placentária, e o desequilíbrio desse processo pode comprometer a gestação. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a ocorrencia de apoptose em amostras de placenta de vacas em diferentes fases de gestação. Amostras de placentomos de 15 vacas saudáveis com 4 (n=5), 6 (n=5) e 9 (n=5) meses de gestação foram colhidas e processadas rotineiramente para a histologia, imuno-histoquímica e isolamento de DNA. As lâminas obtidas foram coradas em HE, ou submetidas à análise imuno-histoquímica das proteínas pró-apoptóticas caspase-3 e Bax, e da proteína anti-apoptótica Bcl-2. O DNA isolado foi submetido à eletroforese em gel de agarose para detecção da fragmentação internucleossômica do genoma. Os resultados de histomorfometria revelaram que as células apoptóticas aumentaram progressivamente com o avanço da gestação. Confirmou-se a apoptose pela fragmentação característica do DNA genômico, visualizada pelo clássico "padrão em escada" na eletroforese em gel de agarose. Adcionalmente, a imunoexpressão de caspase-3, Bax e Bcl-2 foram observadas em todas as amostras. Entretanto, a proteína caspase-3 apresentou marcação mais intensa em todos os tempos gestacionais, quando comparada com a marcação das proteínas Bcl-2 e Bax. Esses resultados confirmam e reforçam a importância da apoptose na maturação placentária. Além disto, indica que caspase-3, Bax e Bcl-2 estão envolvidas nos mecanismos de ativação da apoptose pela via intrínseca mitocondrial ao longo da gestação, contribuindo para o equilíbrio fisiológico da celularidade e renovação celular na placenta bovina.
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O gene da apolipoproteina E (APOE) possui três alelos com freqüências polimórficas. Esta apolipoproteína possui um importante papel no metabolismo de lipídeos, crescimento e regeneração neuronal, e parece estar relacionada com a doença de Alzheimer. No entanto, a magnitude destas influências difere de acordo com a população estudada, sugerindo uma interação genótipo/ambiente. No presente trabalho, foram estudadas seis tribos indígenas sul-americanas (n=186), 100 negróides e 466 caucasóides de Porto Alegre. Destes últimos, 343 foram investigados quanto à associação com níveis lipídicos e 23 quanto à associação com doença de Alzheimer. Todas as amostras foram amplificadas pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e clivadas com a enzima de restrição Hha I. Os genótipos foram identificados após separação dos fragmentos de restrição por eletroforese em gel de agarose a 4% corado com brometo de etídeo. O presente estudo teve os seguintes objetivos específicos: 1)Determinar as freqüências gênicas e genotípicas da APOE nas populações negróides e caucasóides de Porto Alegre e de seis tribos indígenas da América do Sul; 2)Verificar se as associações entre os alelos da APOE e lipídeos séricos descritas em caucasóides também ocorrem em populações indígenas brasileiras; 3)Investigar a influência do polimorfismo do gene APOE em pacientes com hipercolesterolemia e hipertrigliceridemia, bem como em indivíduos normais da população de Porto Alegre e 4)Determinar a distribuição dos alelos da APOE em uma amostra de pacientes com Doença de Alzheimer.
Resumo:
A transfecção gênica tem sido eficientemente realizada a partir de diferentes formulações de lipídios catiônicos e neutros. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a viabilidade de uma teoria que propõem utilizar moléculas anfifílicas como neutralizadoras da carga do DNA para a transfecção gênica in vitro. Foram realizadas transfecções utilizando o surfactante brometo de dodeciltrimetil amônio (DOTAB) ou o lipídio catiônico brometo de dimetildioctadecil amônio (DDAB) com o pCH110 (plasmídeo que expressa a enzima β-galactosidase) nas formas linear e circular. Em paralelo, foram realizadas transfecções com Lipofectamine (lipossomo formado por DOSPA e DOPE) com o mesmo plasmídeo. O DDAB, que é mais hidrofóbico, apresentou-se mais eficiente e menos tóxico que o DOTAB. O DDAB transfectou com semelhante eficiência o pCH110 circular e linear em células de linhagem VERO, diferente de Lipofectamine que não transfectou o pCH110 linear na quantidade utilizada para o circular. Foi necessário utilizar Lipofectamine em um volume cinco vezes superior para formar o complexo com o DNA linear em relação ao plasmídeo circular. Através da eletroforese em gel de agarose, verificou-se que o DDAB não alterou a estrutura dos plasmídeos linear e circular na proporção em que foram utilizados para transfectar. Na Microscopia de Força Atômica, verificou-se diferentes estruturas formadas entre o DDAB e o plasmídeo circular, onde predominaram esferas de 50-100 nm, sendo possivelmente DNA na forma toroidal. Embora não tenha sido identificado o mecanismo de transfecção, este sistema mostrou-se simples, econômico e eficiente para transfectar células de linhagem, utilizando-se tanto plasmídeo linear como circular.
Resumo:
A aplicação de métodos de tipificação baseados na caracterização fenotípica e genotípica em vários pontos da cadeia de produção de suínos pode ser uma importante ferramenta para identificar a principal fonte de contaminação por Salmonella sp. A partir disso, o trabalho propôs tipificar uma coleção de 97 amostras de Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ser. Typhimurium (ST) isolada de suínos levados ao abate em três diferentes frigoríficos no Rio Grande do Sul, por meio de fagotipificação, hibridização com IS200, resistência a antimicrobianos, amplificação da região spvR, amplificação de sequências repetitivas (rep-PCR) e PFGE. Paralelamente, os isolados de ST foram avaliados frente a dois desinfetantes (amônia quaternária e iodofor) pela técnica da diluição em tubo. Os isolados foram classificados em 12 fagotipos distintos, sendo o DT177 o mais freqüentemente identificado. Houve o predomínio de um padrão único de hibridização com o IS200 e em apenas três isolados, a região spvR foi detectada. Um alto número de amostras resistentes à tetraciclina, sulfonamida e estreptomicina foi encontrado, sendo o perfil de resistência relacionado ao frigorífico de origem dos isolados. No rep-PCR, usando seqüências iniciadoras para REP e ERIC, um único padrão de bandas foi gerado entre os isolados de ST. A análise por PFGE mostrou doze diferentes padrões de bandas. Sessenta e quatro isolados apresentaram um padrão idêntico no PFGE. Todas amostras foram inibidas pelo composto quaternário de amônio, na concentração recomendada pelo fabricante e numa concentração inferior à indicada. Frente ao iodofor, quatro amostras mostraram-se resistentes na concentração indicada e 59 na sub-concentração. A combinação da fagotipificação e do perfil de PFGE permitiu alcançar uma melhor discriminação das amostras, sendo essas técnicas consideradas as mais adequadas. Por outro lado, a presença de linhagens clonais parecem estar presentes na região, indicando possíveis pontos comuns de infecção.
Resumo:
A caracterização molecular e morfofisiológica de 28 isolados de Metarhizium ssp. foi avaliada por análises de seqüências do espaçador transcrito interno (ITS1 e ITS2), presença de elementos dsRNA e taxa de crescimento e esporulação em diferentes temperaturas e pH. A patogenicidade de 19 isolados do fungo entomopatogênico Metarhizium ssp. foi avaliada para fêmeas ingurgitadas do carrapato Boophilus microplus. As alterações cronológicas durante o processo de infecção Metarhizium anisopliae isolado E6 em B. microplus foi avaliada em detalhe por microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura e transmissão. O seqüenciamento do espaçador transcrito interno confirmou a identidade taxonômica dos isolados avaliados como M. anisopliae var. anisopliae ou M. anisopliae var. majus e mostrou que dois isolados (CG291 e CG423), previamente classificados como Metarhizium flavoviride, são pertencentes a M. anisopliae var. anisopliae. Os testes sobre a influência da temperatura e pH no desenvolvimento e esporulação dos isolados evidenciaram que a melhor temperatura de crescimento para a maioria desses foi 28oC e que o crescimento foi ótimo na faixa de pH entre 4 a 9. Os bioensaios mostraram que três isolados (C14, CG47 e CG97) foram altamente patogênicos para fêmeas ingurgitadas de B. microplus sendo tão virulentos quanto o isolado E6, previamente analisado, causando cerca de 90-100% de mortalidade ao 4o dia de infecção. Outros isolados foram menos virulentos ou não mostraram virulência para o carrapato. A presença de dsRNA foi avaliada em 28 isolados e detectada em 21 isolados. Vários padrões de dsRNA foram observados baseados no tamanho molecular analisado por eletroforese em gel de agarose. Nenhuma correlação foi observada entre a presença de dsRNA e a virulência do fungo. As observações microscópicas evidenciaram que o fungo M. anisopliae isolado E6 invade seu hospedeiro por penetração direta da cutícula, sendo que este processo envolveu as etapas de adesão e germinação dos conídios, formação do apressório e penetração do fungo na cutícula do hospedeiro. A adesão e germinação dos conídios na superfície da cutícula se iniciou após 24 h de infecção. Neste mesmo tempo, ocorreu diferenciação do apressório, estrutura que exerce a pressão mecânica durante o processo de penetração, sendo que este processo é facilitado pela ação de enzimas hidrolíticas secretadas pelo fungo. A penetração de algumas hifas ocorreu até 24 h após a infecção do fungo, embora, neste mesmo tempo de infecção, a maioria dos conídios ainda estivesse em processo de germinação. A penetração em massa do fungo foi observada 72 h após a infecção e, após 96 h, as hifas emergiram na superfície da cutícula para originarem novos conídios e assegurarem a perpetuação do fungo. A intensa invasão das hifas nos tecidos adjacentes confirmou a eficácia do isolado E6 na infecção do carrapato B. microplus.
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Chlamydia trachomatis é o agente causal de uma das infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST) mais prevalentes da atualidade. Os maiores problemas no controle desta IST estão no caráter assintomático da infecção e no seu difícil diagnóstico laboratorial. Com o advento dos testes moleculares, grandes avanços ocorreram na área do diagnóstico laboratorial da infecção clamidial. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo desenvolver um método de detecção de C. trachomatis por PCR a partir de amostras cérvico-vaginais. A seqüência alvo escolhida para amplificação consiste de um segmento da ORF 4 do plasmídio críptico de ocorrência natural nesta bactéria. Noventa e duas amostras cérvico-vaginais foram submetidas ao protocolo de PCR in house proposto. Os produtos de PCR foram detectados por visualização direta após eletroforese em gel de agarose com brometo de etídio e por exposição radiográfica após hibridização com sonda homóloga. As amostras foram testadas paralelamente pelo método de captura híbrida para detecção de C. trachomatis. O kit COBAS Amplicor (Roche) foi utilizado para resolver resultados discrepantes. A seqüência do fragmento de 201pb foi confirmada por clivagem enzimática e por seqüenciamento. O teste de especificidade dos primers confirmou especificidade dos mesmos frente ao DNA de diferentes agentes patogênicos e da flora normal feminina. Do total de amostras analisadas, 50 foram positivas por captura híbrida, 51 foram positivas por PCR in house e 67 positivaram após hibridização.O teste de McNemar indicou haver concordância entre os métodos analisados dois a dois (P<0,001). Verificou-se concordância moderada nos comparativos entre captura híbrida e PCR (valor de Kappa: 0,45; DP 0,093), captura híbrida e hibridização (valor de kappa: 0,389; DP 0,091) e, PCR e hibridização (valor de Kappa: 0,634: DP 0,077). O método de PCR in house proposto para a detecção de C. trachomatis é uma técnica rápida e de baixo custo para o diagnóstico, controle e monitoramento dos casos da infecção. Estudos complementares, no entanto, são necessários para implementação deste teste em laboratórios da rede pública.
Resumo:
Since the first description of sulfated polysaccharides from seaweeds, the biological activities of these compounds have been evaluated under different aspects and experimental procedures. Among the broad biological activities presented by seaweed polysaccharides, anticoagulant action appears as a promising function. In this present study we have obtained sulfated polysaccharides from the green seaweed Codium isthmocladium by proteolytic digestion, followed by separation into five fractions (0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 and 1.2) by sequential acetone precipitation. The chemical analyses have demonstrated that all fractions are composed mainly by sulfated polysaccharides. The anticoagulant activity of these fractions was determined by activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time test (PT) using citrate normal human plasma. None fraction has shown anticoagulant activity by PT test. Furthermore, all of them have shown anticoagulant activity by aPTT test. These results indicated that the molecular targets of these sulfated polysaccharides are mainly in the intrinsic via of the coagulation cascade. Agarose gel electrophoresis in 1,3-diaminopropane acetate buffer, pH 9.0, stained with 0.1% toluidine blue showed the presence of two or three bands in several fractions while the fraction 0.9 showed a single spot. By anion exchange chromatography, the acid polysaccharides from the 0.9 acetone fraction were separated into two new fractions eluted respectively with 2.0 and 3.0 M NaCl. These compounds showed a molecular weight of 6.4 and 7.4 kDa respectively. Chemical analyses and infrared spectroscopy showed that Gal 1 and Gal 2 are sulfated homogalactans and differ one from the other in degree and localization of sulfate groups. aPPT test demonstrated that fractions 2,0 and 3,0M (Gal1 and Gal 2, respectively) have anticoagulant activity. This is the first time that anticoagulant sulfated homogalatans have been isolated from green algae. To prolong the coagulation time to double the baseline value in the aPTT, the required amount of sulfated galactan 1 (6,3mg) was similar to low molecular heparin Clexane®, whereas only 0,7mg of sulfated galactan 2 was needed to obtain the same effect. Sulfated galactan 2 in high doses (250mg) induces platelet aggregation. These results suggest that these galactans from C. isthmocladum have a potential application as an anticoagulant drug
Resumo:
Sulfated polysaccharides (PS) are biomolecules with a great biotechnological potential. There are few data about PS from high plants. In addition, pharmacological activities of PS from plants have not been carrying out. The aim of this work was extract PS from the angiosperm Halodule wrightii and study their anticoagulant and antioxidant activities. Histological analysis showed the presence of the PS manly in the roots. A polysaccharide-rich extract was obtained from H. wrightii by proteolysis followed by methanol and TCA precipitation. Chemical, infra-red analysis and agarose gel electrophoresis in 1.3 diaminopropane acetate buffer confirmed the presence of sulfated polysaccharides made by glucose, galactose, xylose and sulfate residues in the proportion 1: 0,9: 1: 1. In addition polyacrilamide electrophoresis have shown that extract is mainly compose by 11kDa sulfated polysaccharides. Pharmacological analysis have shown total antioxidant capacity (CAT) that resulted in 15,21 μg for equivalent of ascorbic acid, scavenging activity of the DPPH radical with 41,36 % of scavenging, activity of reducing power with the maximum of 0,290 nm (50 % of vitamin C activity) and scavenging activity superoxide radical (O2-) with a maximum of 32,23 %. Chelating activity of metal less than 4% and scavenging activity of the radical hydroxyl (OH-) less than 2%. Time of activated partial tromboplastin (aPTT) doubling the time of coagulation from 20μg of and protrombin time (PT) was not present. The data indicate that PS from Halodule wrightii could be considered for future applications in medicine, food production or cosmetic industry
Resumo:
In recent years, sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from marine algae have emerged as an important class of natural biopolymers with potential pharmacology applications. Among these, SP isolated from the cell walls of red algae have been study due to their anticoagulant,antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, three sulfated polysaccharides fractions denominated F1.5v, F2.0v and F3.0v were obtained from seaweed G. caudate by proteolysis followed to acetone fractionation. Gel electrophoresis using 0.05 M 1,3-diaminopropane-acetate buffer, pH 9,0, stained with 0.1% toluidine blue, showed the presence of SP in all fractions. The chemical analysis demonstrated that all the fractions are composed mainly of galactose. These compounds were evaluated in anticoagulant, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. In anticoagulant activity evaluated through aPTT and PT tests, no one fractions presented anticoagulant activity at tested concentrations (0.1 mg/mL; 1.0 mg/mL; 2.0 mg/mL).The antioxidant activities of the three fractions were evaluated by the following in vitro systems: Total antioxidant capacity, superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging, ferrous chelating activity and reducing power. The fractions were found to have different levels of antioxidant activity in the systems tested. F1.5v shows the highest activity, especially in the ferrous chelating system, with 70% of ferrous inhibiting at 1.0 mg.mL-1. Finally, all the fractions showed dose-dependent antiproliferative activity against HeLa cells. The fractions F1.5v and F2.0v presented the highest antiproliferative activity at 2.0 mg/mL with 42.7% and 37.0% of inhibition, respectively. Ours results suggests that the sulfated polysaccharides from seaweed G. caudata are promising compounds in antioxidant and/or antitumor therapy
Resumo:
Sulfated polysaccharides (PS) are biomolecules with a great biotechnological potential. There are few data about PS from high plants. In addition, pharmacological activities of PS from plants have not been carrying out. The aim of this work was extract PS from the angiosperm Halodule wrightii and study their anticoagulant and antioxidant activities. Histological analysis showed the presence of the PS manly in the roots. A polysaccharide-rich extract was obtained from H. wrightii by proteolysis followed by methanol and TCA precipitation. Chemical, infra-red analysis and agarose gel electrophoresis in 1.3 diaminopropane acetate buffer confirmed the presence of sulfated polysaccharides made by glucose, galactose, xylose and sulfate residues in the proportion 1: 0,9: 1: 1. In addition polyacrilamide electrophoresis have shown that extract is mainly compose by 11kDa sulfated polysaccharides. Pharmacological analysis have shown total antioxidant capacity (CAT) that resulted in 15,21 μg for equivalent of ascorbic acid, scavenging activity of the DPPH radical with 41,36 % of scavenging, activity of reducing power with the maximum of 0,290 nm (50 % of vitamin C activity) and scavenging activity superoxide radical (O2-) with a maximum of 32,23 %. Chelating activity of metal less than 4% and scavenging activity of the radical hydroxyl (OH-) less than 2%. Time of activated partial tromboplastin (aPTT) doubling the time of coagulation from 20μg of and protrombin time (PT) was not present. The data indicate that PS from Halodule wrightii could be considered for future applications in medicine, food production or cosmetic industry
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The exopolysaccharides are extracellular compounds produced by some species of fungi and bacteria. It is suggested that these molecules, even when in the form of complex polysaccharide-peptide, are the main bioactive molecules of many fungus. Some of the biological activities displayed by these compounds can be accentuated and others may arise when you add chemically polar or nonpolar groups to polysaccharides. The fruiting body of Pleurotus sajor-caju produces a heteropolysaccharide with antineoplastic and antimicrobial activity, but other biological activities of this polymer have not been evaluated. In this work the exopolysaccharide of Pleurotus sajor-caju was sulfated chemically and structurally characterized. We also evaluated the antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticoagulant activities from native exopolysaccharide (PN) and its sulfated derivated (PS). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C) proved successful in sulfation of PN to obtain PS. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy showed that PN and PS are composed of mannose, galactose, 3-O-methyl-galactose and glucose in proportion percentage of 44,9:16,3:19,8:19 and 49, 7:14,4:17,7:18,2, respectively. The percentage of sulfate found in PS was 22.5%. Antioxidants assays revealed that the sulfation procedure affects differently the activities of exopolysaccharides, while the total antioxidant capacity, the scavenging activity of superoxide radical and ferric chelating were not affected by sulfation, on the other hand the chemical modification of PN enhanced the scavenging activity of hydroxyl radical and reducing power. PS also showed anticoagulant activity in a dose-dependent manner and clotting time was 3.0 times higher than the baseline value in APTT at 2 mg/mL. The exopolysaccharide not presented antiproliferative activity against HeLa tumor cells, but PS affects the cellular proliferation in a time-dependent manner. After 72 h, the inhibition rate of PS (2.0 mg/mL) on HeLa cells was about 60%. The results showed that PN sulfation increase some of their activities.
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The corn cob is an agricultural by-product still little used, this in part due to the low knowledge of the biotechnological potential of their molecules. Xylan from corn cobs (XSM) is a polysaccharide present in greater quantity in the structure of plant and its biotechnology potential is little known. This study aimed to the extraction, chemical characterization and evaluation of biological activities of xylan from corn cobs. To this end, corncobs were cleaned, cut, dried and crushed, resulting in flour. This was subjected to a methodology that combines the use of alkaline conditions with waves of ultrasound. After methanol precipitation, centrifugation and drying was obtained a yield of 40% (g/g flour). Chemical analysis indicated a high percentage of polysaccharides in the sample (60%) and low contamination by protein (0.4%) and phenolic compounds (> 0.01%). Analysis of monosaccharide composition indicated the presence of xylose:glucose:arabinose:galactose:mannose:glucuronic acid in a molar ratio 50:20:15:10:2.5:2.5. The presence of xylan in the sample was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H and ¹³C) and infrared spectroscopy (IR). Tests were conducted to evaluate the antioxidant potential of XSM. This showed a total antioxidant capacity of 48.45 EAA/g sample. However, did not show scavenging activity of superoxide and hydroxyl radical and also reducing power. But, showing a high capacity chelating iron ions with 70% with about 2 mg/mL. The ability to XSM to influence cell proliferation in culture was also evaluated. This polymer did not influence the proliferation of normal fibroblast cells (3T3), however, decreased the rate of proliferation of tumor cells (HeLa) in a dose-dependent, reaching an inhibition of about 50% with a concentration around 2 mg/mL. Analyzing proteins related to cell death, by immunoblotting, XSM increases the amount of Bax, Bcl-2 decrease, increase cytochrome c and AIF, and reduce pro-caspase-3, indicating the induction of cell death induced apoptosis dependent and independent of caspase. XSM did not show anticoagulant activity in the PT test. However, the test of activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), XSM increased clotting time at about 5 times with 600 μg of sample compared with the negative control. The presence of sulfate on the XSM was discarded by agarose gel electrophoresis and IR. After carboxyl-reduction of XSM the anticoagulant activity decreased dramatically. The data of this study demonstrate that XSM has potential as antioxidant, antiproliferative and anticoagulant compound. Future studies to characterize these activities of XSM will help to increase knowledge about this molecule extracted from corn and allow their use in functional foods, pharmaceuticals and chemical industries.
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In the present study, extracts rich-sulfated polysaccharides were obtained from three different species of Dictyotales (a class of brown macroalgae): Canistrocarpus cervicornis, Dictyota mertensii and Dictyopteris delicatula and their anticoagulant and antioxidant activities were evaluated. All extracts showed anticoagulant activity on aPTT assay, but not on PT assay. Extracts also exhibited total antioxidant activity, superoxide radical scavenging capacity and ferric chelating property. The extract from C. cervicornis showed the best results and was choose to have their sulfated polysaccharides fractioned and subsequently analysed. Thus, six fractions (CC-0.3, CC-0.5, CC-0.7, CC-1.0, CC-1.2 and CC-2.0) were obtained by proteolysis followed by sequential acetone precipitation. Agarose gel eletrophoresis stained with blue toluidine, confirmed the presence of sulfated polysaccharides in all fractions. Chemical analyses showed that all fractions presented heterofucans mainly constitued by fucose, galactose, glucuronic acid and sulfate. Any fraction changed the PT. However, all fractions were able to double the aPTT on a dose-dependent manner. CC- 0.3, CC-0.5, CC-0.7 and CC-1.0 needed only 0.100 mg/mL to double the aPTT, result only 1.25 times higher than the Clexane® (0.080 mg/mL), a commercial low molecular heparin. The heterofucans presented appreciable total antioxidant capacity, low capacity on scavenging hydroxyl radical and good efficiency on scavenging superoxide radicals (except CC-1.0). CC-1.2 showed 43.1 % on superoxide radical scavenging. This result was higher than that showed by the same concentration of gallic acid (41.8 %), a known antioxidant. Furthermore, the heterofucans showed excelent activity on ferrous chelating activity (except CC-0.3). CC-0.5, CC-0.7 and CC-1.0 showed the highest activities with 47.0 % of ferrous chelating activity, a result 2.0 times lesser than that exhibited by the same concentration of EDTA. These results clearly indicated the beneficial effects of heterofucans extracted from C. cervicornis as potential anticoagulant and antioxidant agents. However additional steps of purification, structural studies, besides in vivo experiments are needed for these fucans may be used as therapeutic agents
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Fucan is a term used to denominate L-fucose rich sulfated polysaccharides. The fucans have been studied due their pharmacological activities like antithrombotic, antiproliferative and antioxidant. We have extracted three fucan fractions from the brown seaweed Spatoglossum schröederi. These fucans were denominated Fuc B 1, Fuc B 1.5 and Fuc B 2. The chemical analyzes show that the fucans have very similar composition as demonstrated by agarose electrophoresis gel, sugar and sulfate content. The antiproliferative effect was determined by MTT and BrdU methodologies in CHO cells. The inhibition of proliferation effect of the three fractions was about 40%. Therefore this we proceed just with the Fuc B 2 due the higher yield. There is no apoptosis indication using the anexin V/propidium iodide test. We found a cell cycle phase G1 arrest. The western blotting show that the PKC; pFAK; pERK 1/2 are activated when the cells were treated with fucans. The treatement with inhibitor of MAPK PD98059 extinguished the fucan effect. These results indicates that fucan act by the ERK pathway inducing the cell death.
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Heparin is a pharmaceutical animal widely used in medicine due to its potent anticoagulant effect. Furthermore, it has the ability to inhibit the proliferation, invasion and adhesion of cancer cells to vascular endothelium. However, its clinical applicability can be compromised by side effects such as bleeding. Thus, the search for natural compounds with low bleeding risk and possible therapeutic applicability has been targeted by several research groups. From this perspective, this study aims to evaluate the hemorrhagic and anticoagulant activities and citotoxic effect for different tumor cell lines (HeLa, B16-F10, HepG2, HS-5,) and fibroblast cells (3T3) of the Heparin-like from the crab Chaceon fenneri (HEP-like). The HEP-like was purified after proteolysis, ion-exchange chromatography, fractionation with acetone and characterized by electrophoresis (agarose gel) and enzymatic degradation. Hep-like showed eletroforetic behavior similar to mammalian heparin, and high trisulfated /Nacetylated disaccharides ratio. In addition, HEP-like presented low in vitro anticoagulant activity using aPTT and a minor hemorrhagic effect when compared to mammalian heparin. Furthermore, the HEP-like showed significant cytotoxic effect (p<0.001) on HeLa, HepG2 and B16-F10 tumor cells with IC50 values of 1000 ug/mL, after incubation for 72 hours. To assess the influence of heparin-like on the cell cycle in HeLa cells, analysis was performed by flow cytometry. The results of this analysis showed that HEP-like influence on the cell cycle increasing S phase and decreasing phase G2. Thus, these properties of HEP-like make these compounds potential therapeutic agents