热致液晶／PEEK／嵌段共聚物共混体系的结构与性能

用ＷＡＸＤ、ＳＥＭ及力学性能测试等研究热致液晶／ＰＥＥＫ／嵌段共聚物三元共混体系形态、结构和性能。结果表明嵌段共聚物的加入，使体系具有一定的相容性和较好的界面粘接，共混物的强度、模量有一定的提高，对共混物的结晶行为具有明显的影响，当热致液晶含量高时，基材与液晶两相间出现明显的分离现象，即“皮－芯”结构．

R. P. Ioannis Maldonati Societatis Iesu theologi, Commentarii in quatuor Euangelistas : In duos tomos diuisi, & nunc emendatius in lucem editi. Quorum prior eos, qui in Matthaeum, & Marcum; posterior eos, qui in Lucam, & Ioannem, complectitur.

UANL

Expression des allèles spécifiques chez l'hybride clonal Phoxinus eos-neogaeus (Pisces : Cyprinidae)

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Impact d'une mitochondrie exogène sur le protéome du cybride Chrosomus eos

On retrouve dans le complexe Chrosomus eos-neogaeus une forme cybride ayant le génome nucléaire de C. eos et le génome mitochondrial de C. neogaeus. Ce modèle particulier fournit une occasion unique d’étudier l’influence d’une mitochondrie exogène sur le métabolisme et la physiologie d'organismes vivant en milieu naturel, et s'étant donc adaptés à cette situation cellulaire atypique. La mitochondrie jouant un rôle fondamental vital, nous nous attendons à ce que la présence d’une mitochondrie exogène chez la forme cybride ait un impact sur l’expression de son génome et du protéome qui en découle. L’objectif de ce projet est d’étudier les différences au niveau protéomique entre des individus C. eos purs (forme sauvage) et des cybrides provenant d'habitats similaires afin de faire ressortir au maximum les différences dues à la présence de mitochondries C. neogaeus chez la forme cybride. Pour ce faire, nous avons comparé les protéomes des formes cybride et sauvage en utilisant l'électrophorèse en deux dimensions. Un sous-groupe de protéines produisant un signal spécifique révélé par l’analyse comparative a été identifié et analysé par spectrométrie de masse (LC/MS). Les résultats indiquent que la présence de mitochondries C. neogaeus chez le cybride influence fortement la régulation génique chez ce dernier. De plus, les protéines identifiées apportent des pistes intéressantes supportant l'hypothèse que la présence de mitochondries C. neogaeus chez le cybride rendrait ce biotype plus résistant au froid que la forme sauvage.

Equatorial Kelvin waves as revealed by EOS Microwave Limb Sounder observations and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts analyses: Evidence for slow Kelvin waves of zonal wave number 3

[1] Temperature and ozone observations from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on the EOS Aura satellite are used to study equatorial wave activity in the autumn of 2005. In contrast to previous observations for the same season in other years, the temperature anomalies in the middle and lower tropical stratosphere are found to be characterized by a strong wave-like eastward progression with zonal wave number equal to 3. Extended empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis reveals that the wave 3 components detected in the temperature anomalies correspond to a slow Kelvin wave with a period of 8 days and a phase speed of 19 m/s. Fluctuations associated with this Kelvin wave mode are also apparent in ozone profiles. Moreover, as expected by linear theory, the ozone fluctuations observed in the lower stratosphere are in phase with the temperature perturbations, and peak around 20–30 hPa where the mean ozone mixing ratios have the steepest vertical gradient. A search for other Kelvin wave modes has also been made using both the MLS observations and the analyses from one experiment where MLS ozone profiles are assimilated into the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) data assimilation system via a 6-hourly 3D var scheme. Our results show that the characteristics of the wave activity detected in the ECMWF temperature and ozone analyses are in good agreement with MLS data.

Synthesis of a catechol-based poly(ether ether ketone) ("o-PEEK") by classical step-growth polymerization and by entropically driven ring-opening polymerization of macrocyclic oligomers

An amorphous, catechol-based analogue of PEEK ("o-PEEK") has been prepared by a classical step-growth polymerization reaction between catechol and 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone and shown to be readily soluble in a range of organic solvents. Copolymers with p-PEEK have been investigated, including an amorphous 50: 50 composition and a semicrystalline though still organic-soluble material comprising 70% p-PEEK. o-PEEK has also been obtained by entropy-driven ring-opening polymerization of the macrocyclic oligomers (MCO's) formed by cyclo-condensation of catechol with 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone under pseudo-high-dilution conditions. The principal products of this latter reaction were the cyclic dimer 3a (20 wt %), cyclic trimer 3b (16%) cyclic tetramer 3c (14%), cyclic pentamer 3d (13%) and cyclic hexamer 3e (12%). Macrocycles 3a-c were isolated as pure compounds by gradient column chromatography, and the structures of the cyclic dimer 3a and cyclic tetramer 3c were analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. A mixture of MCO's, 3, of similar composition, was obtained by cyclodepolymerization of high molar mass o-PEEK in dilute soluion.

Crystal and molecular structure of the thioether-analogue of PEEK from X-ray powder data and diffraction-modelling

Analysis of X-ray powder data for the melt-crystallisable aromatic poly(thioether thioether ketone) [-S-Ar-S-Ar-CO-Ar](n), ('PTTK', Ar= 1,4-phenylene), reveals that it adopts a crystal structure very different from that established for its ether-analogue PEEK. Molecular modelling and diffraction-simulation studies of PTTK show that the structure of this polymer is analogous to that of melt-crystallised poly(thioetherketone) [-SAr-CO-Ar](n) in which the carbonyl linkages in symmetry-related chains are aligned anti-parallel to one another. and that these bridging units are crystallographically interchangeable. The final model for the crystal structure of PTTK is thus disordered, in the monoclinic space group 121a (two chains per unit cell), with cell dimensions a = 7.83, b = 6.06, c = 10.35 angstrom, beta = 93.47 degrees. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Dithioacetalisation of PEEK: a general technique for the solubilisation and characterisation of semi-crystalline aromatic polyketones

The family of semi-crystalline, aromatic, high-temperature thermoplastics known as poly(ether-ketone)s are insoluble in conventional organic solvents, but undergo completely general and quantitatively reversible reactions with alkanedithiols in strong acid media, to give soluble poly(dithioacetal)s, which are readily characterisable by GPC and light scattering techniques.

Direct iminization of PEEK

Semi-crystalline poly(ether ketone)s are important high-temperature engineering thermoplastics, but are difficult to characterize at the molecular level because of their insolubility in conventional organic solvents. Here we report that polymers of this type, including PEEK, react cleanly at high temperatures with low-volatility aralkyl amines to afford stable, noncrystalline poly(ether-imine)s, which are readily soluble in solvents such as chloroform, THF and DMF and so characterizable by conventional size-exclusion chromatography.

Simultaneous lidar and EOS MLS measurements, and modeling, of a rare polar ozone filament event over Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii

In mid-March 2005, a rare lower stratospheric polar vortex filamentation event was observed simultaneously by the JPL lidar at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, and by the EOS MLS instrument onboard the Aura satellite. The event coincided with the beginning of the spring 2005 final warming. On 16 March, the filament was observed by lidar around 0600 UT between 415 K and 455 K, and by MLS six hours earlier. It was seen on both the lidar and MLS profiles as a layer of enhanced ozone, peaking at 1.7 ppmv in a region where the climatological values are usually around or below 1 ppmv. Ozone profiles measured by lidar and MLS were compared to profiles from the Chemical Transport Model MIMOSA-CHIM. The agreement between lidar, MLS, and the model is excellent considering the difference in the sampling techniques. MLS was also able to identify the filament at another location north of Hawaii.

Ring-opening polymerization in molten PEEK: transient reduction of melt-viscosity by macrocyclic aromatic thioetherketones

Blends of PEEK with macrocyclic thioether-ketones show initial melt-viscosities reduced by more than an order of magnitude relative to the polymer itself, enabling more facile processing and fabrication. On raising the temperature of the melt, however, the macrocycle undergoes spontaneous, entropically-driven ring-opening polymerization (ED-ROP), so that the properties of the final polymer should not, in principle, be compromised by the presence of low-MW macrocyclic material.