Avaliação da utilização de escória granulada de fundição (EGF) como substituição de parte do cimento em concreto : propriedades mecânicas

A reciclagem de resíduos sólidos industriais tem-se tornado uma prática indispensável na preservação de recursos naturais, minimização de custos e redução de impacto ambiental. Dentro deste contexto destaca-se a indústria da construção civil, com enorme potencial de reciclagem, tendo em vista o grande volume de materiais consumidos. A utilização de materiais alternativos neste setor é uma prática economicamente atraente e ambientalmente correta. Sendo assim, o emprego de escórias como matéria-prima em estradas, aterro, concreto e cimento já é uma prática corrente, onde o destino mais nobre destes materiais recicláveis depende da existência de características adequadas ao uso proposto. A escória granulada de fundição (EGF) é um resíduo gerado no processo de fusão de sucatas de ferro fundido via forno cubilô. Ensaios realizados mostram que esta escória, quando finamente moída, apresenta propriedades pozolânicas. Além disso, sua estrutura amorfa, resultante do processo de geração através de resfriamento brusco e composição química adequada podem permitir uma aplicação nobre deste resíduo, como substituição ao cimento. Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a viabilidade da utilização de escória granulada de fundição como substituição de parte do cimento em concreto, através da avaliação de suas propriedades mecânicas. Para tanto foram moldados corpos-de-prova de concreto com diferentes combinações de teores de substituição de cimento por escória granulada de fundição (10%, 30% e 50%), em volume, e relações água/aglomerante (0,40; 0,55 e 0,70), comparando-se com o concreto referência. Para cada idade do concreto (7, 28 e 91 dias) realizaram-se ensaios mecânicos, tais como, resistência à compressão uniaxial, resistência à tração por compressão diametral e resistência à tração na flexão. Além disso, foram realizadas avaliação da microestrutura e caracterização ambiental de concretos com EGF, comparativamente ao concreto referência. Os resultados mostram que o teor de 10% de substituição de cimento por escória granulada de fundição, em volume, apresentou desempenho mecânico similar ao concreto referência. A caracterização ambiental dos concretos com EGF mostra que este material é considerado inerte (NBR 10004).

Utilização de escória granulada de fundição (EGF) em blocos de concreto para pavimentação

Pesquisas de ordem ambiental têm sido objeto de estudos de diversas áreas do conhecimento. No âmbito da Engenharia Civil, o foco tem se voltado no gerenciamento e redução do volume de resíduos gerados, bem como no aprimoramento dos materiais e sistemas utilizados. Conseqüência direta disso são os recentes avanços no desenvolvimento de novos materiais e no aproveitamento de resíduos de outros setores produtivos como subprodutos de valor agregado na cadeia produtiva da construção civil. Desse modo, estudar as possibilidades de reciclagem de resíduos em materiais de construção adquire uma nova dimensão, que extrapola a intenção pura e simples de desenvolver um novo produto. Dentro de uma abordagem holística, deve-se pensar em trabalhos que envolvam reciclagem como contribuintes na criação de subprodutos com valor agregado, bem como suscitadores de discussões mais amplas de desenvolvimento sustentado. O setor de blocos de concreto para pavimentação, por sua vez, tem demonstrado um grande potencial de expansão de mercado, tanto na pavimentação de vias de tráfego intenso como também na urbanização de cidades como elementos de paisagismo. Feitas tais considerações, este trabalho objetiva avaliar as potencialidades de utilização de escórias granuladas de fundição, resíduos da produção de ferro fundido, aqui denominadas EGF, na fabricação de blocos intertravados de concreto para pavimentação A partir de contextualização do tema, procura-se avaliar as vantagens da EGF nestes blocos, como substituição parcial do cimento e também como substituição parcial do agregado miúdo. Para ambas as situações, foram realizados ensaios de resistência mecânica à compressão, desgaste por abrasão e absorção de água, em concretos com diferentes teores de substituição (10, 30 e 50%). O teor de 10% de EGF como substituição parcial de cimento foi o que mais se aproximou do desempenho dos blocos referência. Os resultados também demonstram que não há diferenças significativas entre os blocos referência e o blocos com EGF, quanto ao desgaste por abrasão e absorção de água.

Interactions of indole acetic acid with EGF and FSH in the culture of ovine preantral follicles

The mechanisms that regulate the gradual exit of ovarian follicles from the non-growing, primordial pool are very poorly understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding indole acetic acid (IAA), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) to the media for in vitro culture of ovine ovarian fragments and determine their effects on growth activation and viability of preantral follicles. The ovarian cortex was divided into small fragments; one fragment was immediately fixed in Bouin (control). The other fragments were cultured for 2 or 6 days in culture plates with: minimum essential medium (MEM) supplemented with insulin-transferrin-selenium (ITS), pyruvate, glutamine, hypoxantine, bovine serum albumine and antibiotics (MEM+); MEM+ plus IAA (40 ng/mL); MEM+ plus EGF (100 ng/mL); MEM+ plus FSH (100 ng/mL); MEM+ plus IAA + EGF; MEM+ plus IAA + FSH; MEM+ plus EGF + FSH; or MEM+ plus IAA + EGF + FSH. After 2 or 6 days of culture in each treatment, the pieces of ovarian cortex were fixed in Bonin for histological examination. Follicles were classified as primordial or developing (primary and secondary) follicles. Compared to the control, in all media tested, the percentages of primordial follicles were reduced (P < 0.05) and the percentages of developing follicles were increased (P < 0.05) after 2 or 6 days of culture. Furthermore, culture of ovarian cortex for 6 days reduced the percentages of healthy, viable follicles when compared with the control (P < 0.05), except for cultures supplemented with IAA + EGF and EGF + FSH. In conclusion, the addition of IAA and EGF or EGF and FSH to the culture media were the most effective treatments to sustain the health and viability of activated ovine primordial follicles during in vitro culture. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ultrastructure of sheep primordial follicles cultured in the presence of indol acetic acid, EGF, and FSH

The aim of this study was to investigate the ultrastructural characteristics of primordial follicles after culturing of sheep ovarian cortical slices in the presence of indol acetic acid (IAA), Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), and FSH. To evaluate ultrastructure of primordial follicles cultured in MEM (control) or in MEM containing IAA, EGF, and FSH, fragments of cultured tissue were processes for transmission electron microscopy. Except in the control, primordial follicles cultured in supplemented media for 6d were ultrastructurally normal. They had oocyte with intact nucleus and the cytoplasm contained heterogeneous-sized lipid droplets and numerous round or elongated mitochondria with intact parallel cristae were observed. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) was rarely found. The granulosa cells cytoplasm contained a great number of mitochondria and abundant RER. In conclusion, the presence of IAA, EGF, and FSH helped to maintain ultrastructural integrity of sheep primordial follicles cultured in vitro. © 2011 Evelyn Rabelo Andrade et al.

Effects of FSH on the expression of receptors for oocyte-secreted factors and members of the EGF-like family during in vitro maturation in cattle

FSH induces expansion of bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) in cattle, which can be enhanced by oocyte-secreted factors (OSFs). In this study it was hypothesised that FSH stimulates COC expansion in part from direct stimulation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like ligands amphiregulin (AREG), epiregulin (EREG) and betacellulin (BTC), but also in part through regulation of OSFs or their receptors in cumulus cells. Bovine COCs were cultured in defined medium with graded doses of FSH. In the absence of FSH, COCs did not expand. FSH caused cumulus expansion, and increased the abundance of AREG and EREG mRNA in a time- and dose-dependent manner, but decreased BTC mRNA levels. FSH had modest stimulatory effects on the levels of mRNA encoding the bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) receptor, BMPR1B, in cumulus cells, but did not alter mRNA expression of the growth and differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) receptor, TGFBR1. More interestingly, FSH dramatically stimulated levels of mRNA encoding two receptors for fibroblast growth factors (FGF), FGFR2C and FGFR3C, in cumulus cells. FSH also stimulated mRNA expression of FGFR1B, but not of FGFR2B in cumulus cells. Based on dose-response studies, FGFR3C was the receptor most sensitive to the influence of FSH. This study demonstrates that FSH stimulates the expression of EGF-like factors in bovine cumulus cells, and provides evidence that FSH differently regulates the expression of distinct receptors for OSFs in cumulus cells. © CSIRO 2013.

Efeitos biológicos da radioterapia na expressão do fator de crescimento epidérmico (EGF) durante a odontotogênese em camundongos (Mus musculus)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Imunolocalização do fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina (IGF-I) e do fator de crescimento epidermal (EGF) em ovários caninos e seus efeitos sobre a maturação in vitro de oócitos: avaliação nuclear

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Expressão gênica de células do cumulus e oócitos bovinos sbmetidos à maturação un vitro com diferentes macromoléculas, EGF e Butirolactina I

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito do fator de crescimento epidermal (EGF) na maturação in vitro de oócitos caninos

Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Resistance to EGF receptor inhibitors in glioblastoma mediated by phosphorylation of the PTEN tumor suppressor at tyrosine 240

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive of the astrocytic malignancies and the most common intracranial tumor in adults. Although the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed and/or mutated in at least 50% of GBM cases and is required for tumor maintenance in animal models, EGFR inhibitors have thus far failed to deliver significant responses in GBM patients. One inherent resistance mechanism in GBM is the coactivation of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases, which generates redundancy in activation of phosphoinositide-3'-kinase (PI3K) signaling. Here we demonstrate that the phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) tumor suppressor is frequently phosphorylated at a conserved tyrosine residue, Y240, in GBM clinical samples. Phosphorylation of Y240 is associated with shortened overall survival and resistance to EGFR inhibitor therapy in GBM patients and plays an active role in mediating resistance to EGFR inhibition in vitro. Y240 phosphorylation can be mediated by both fibroblast growth factor receptors and SRC family kinases (SFKs) but does not affect the ability of PTEN to antagonize PI3K signaling. These findings show that, in addition to genetic loss and mutation of PTEN, its modulation by tyrosine phosphorylation has important implications for the development and treatment of GBM.

Independent of ErbB1 gene copy number, EGF stimulates migration but is not associated with cell proliferation in non-small cell lung cancer

Abstract Background Lung cancer often exhibits molecular changes, such as the overexpression of the ErbB1 gene. ErbB1 encodes epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a tyrosine kinase receptor, involved mainly in cell proliferation and survival. EGFR overexpression has been associated with more aggressive disease, poor prognosis, low survival rate and low response to therapy. ErbB1 amplification and mutation are associated with tumor development and are implicated in ineffective treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the ErbB1 copy number affects EGFR expression, cell proliferation or cell migration by comparing two different cell lines. Methods The copies of ErbB1 gene was evaluated by FISH. Immunofluorescence and Western blotting were performed to determine location and expression of proteins mentioned in the present study. Proliferation was studied by flow cytometry and cell migration by wound healing assay and time lapse. Results We investigated the activation and function of EGFR in the A549 and HK2 lung cancer cell lines, which contain 3 and 6 copies of ErbB1, respectively. The expression of EGFR was lower in the HK2 cell line. EGFR was activated after stimulation with EGF in both cell lines, but this activation did not promote differences in cellular proliferation when compared to control cells. Inhibiting EGFR with AG1478 did not modify cellular proliferation, confirming previous data. However, we observed morphological alterations, changes in microfilament organization and increased cell migration upon EGF stimulation. However, these effects did not seem to be consequence of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Conclusion EGFR expression did not appear to be associated to the ErbB1 gene copy number, and neither of these aspects appeared to affect cell proliferation. However, EGFR activation by EGF resulted in cell migration stimulation in both cell lines.

Expression of HB-EGF by retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitreoretinal proliferative disease

The heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) has been implicated in wound-healing processes of various tissues. However, it is not known whether HB-EGF may represent a factor implicated in overstimulated wound-healing processes of the retina during proliferative retinopathies. Therefore, we investigated whether human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, which are crucially involved in proliferative retinopathies, express and respond to HB-EGF. RPE cells express mRNAs for various members of the EGF-related growth factor family, among them for HB-EGF, as well as for the EGF receptors ErbB1, -2, -3, and -4. The gene expression of HB-EGF is stimulated in the presence of transforming and basic fibroblast growth factors and by oxidative stress and is suppressed during chemical hypoxia. Exogenous HB-EGF stimulates proliferation and migration of RPE cells and the gene and protein expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). HB-EGF activates at least three signal transduction pathways in RPE cells including the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (involved in the proliferation-stimulating action of HB-EGF), p38 (mediates the effects on chemotaxis and secretion of VEGF), and the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (necessary for the stimulation of chemotaxis). In epiretinal membranes of patients with proliferative retinopathies, HB-EGF immunoreactivity was partially colocalized with the RPE cell marker, cytokeratins; this observation suggests that RPE cell-derived HB-EGF may represent one factor that drives the uncontrolled wound-healing process of the retina. The stimulating effect on the secretion of VEGF may suggest that HB-EGF is also implicated in the pathological angiogenesis of the retina.

Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Selected Secretory Carrier Membrane Proteins, SCAMP1 and SCAMP3, and Association with the EGF Receptor

Secretory carrier membrane proteins (SCAMPs) are ubiquitously expressed proteins of post-Golgi vesicles. In the presence of the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor vanadate, or after overexpression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, SCAMP1 and SCAMP3 are phosphorylated selectively on tyrosine residue(s). Phosphorylation is reversible after vanadate washout in situ or when isolated SCAMP3 is incubated with the recombinant tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B. Vanadate also causes the partial accumulation of SCAMP3, but not SCAMP1, in “patches” at or near the cell surface. A search for SCAMP kinase activities has shown that SCAMPs 1 and 3, but not SCAMP2, are tyrosine phosphorylated in EGF-stimulated murine fibroblasts overexpressing the EGF receptor (EGFR). EGF catalyzes the progressive phosphorylation of the SCAMPs up to 1 h poststimulation and may enhance colocalization of the EGFR and SCAMP3 within the cell interior. EGF also induces SCAMP–EGFR association, as detected by coimmunoprecipitation, and phosphorylation of SCAMP3 is stimulated by the EGFR in vitro. These results suggest that phosphorylation of SCAMPs, either directly or indirectly, may be functionally linked to the internalization/down-regulation of the EGFR.