Feasibility of using in situ fusion for the determination of Co, Cr and Mn in Portland cement by direct solid sampling graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

In situ fusion on the boat-type graphite platform has been used as a sample pretreatment for the direct determination of Co, Cr and Mn in Portland cement by solid sampling graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (SS-GF AAS). The 3-field Zeeman technique was adopted for background correction to decrease the sensitivity during measurements. This strategy allowed working with up to 200 mu g of sample. The in situ fusion was accomplished using 10 mu L of a flux mixture 4.0% m/v Na(2)CO(3) + 4.0% m/v ZnO + 0.1% m/v Triton (R) X-100 added over the cement sample and heated at 800 degrees C for 20 s. The resulting mould was completely dissolved with 10 mu L of 0.1% m/v HNO(3). Limits of detection were 0.11 mu g g(-1) for Co, 1.1 mu g g(-1) for Cr and 1.9 mu g g(-1) for Mn. The accuracy of the proposed method has been evaluated by the analysis of certified reference materials. The values found presented no statistically significant differences compared to the certified values (Student`s t-test, p<0.05). In general, the relative standard deviation was lower than 12% (n = 5). (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Squalene does not exhibit a chemopreventive activity and increases plasma cholesterol in a Wistar rat hepatocarcinogenesis model

The eventual chemopreventive effect of squalene (SQ), a triterpene present in olive oil, was evaluated when administered to Wistar rats during a period comprising the initiation and selection/promotion of the resistant hepatocyte (RH) model of hepatocarcinogenesis. During 8 consecutive wk, animals received by gavage SQ (100 or 150 mg/100 g body weight) dissolved in corn oil (CO) daily. Animals treated with only CO and submitted to the RH model were used as controls. Treatments with SQ did not result in inhibition of macroscopically visible hepatocyte nodules (P > 0.05) or of hepatic placental glutathione S-transferase-positive preneoplastic lesions (PNL; P > 0.05). Hepatic cell proliferation and apoptosis indexes were not different (P > 0.05) among the different experimental groups, both regarding PNL and surrounding normal tissue areas. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) among comets presented by rats treated with the two SQ doses or with CO. on the other hand, SQ increased total plasma cholesterol levels when administered at both doses (P < 0.05). This indicates that the isoprenoid was absorbed. Thus, SQ did not present chemopreventive activity during hepatocarcinogenesis and had a hypercholesterolemic effect, suggesting caution when considering its use in chemoprevention of cancer.

Composition of drilled sediments and pore waters from the continental slope of the Northern Gulf of Mexico

Pore waters were analyzed from 6 holes drilled from M.V. "Eureka" as a part of the Shell Oil Co. deeper offshore study. The holes were drilled in water depths of 600-3000 ft. (approximately 180-550 m) and penetrated up to 1000 ft. (300 m) of Pliocene-Recent clayey sediments. Salt and anhydrite caprock was encountered in one diapiric structure on the continental slope. Samples from holes drilled near diapiric structures showed systematic increases of pore-water salinity with depth, suggestive of salt diffusion from underlying salt plugs. Anomalous concentrations of K and Br indicate that at least one plug contains late-stage evaporite minerals. Salinities approaching halite saturation were observed. Samples from holes away from diapiric structures showed little change in pore-water chemistry, except for loss of SO4 and other variations attributable to early-stage diagenetic reactions with enclosing sediments. Thus, increased salt concentrations in even shallow sediments from this part of the Gulf appear to provide an indicator of salt masses at depth.

Russian gas industry - current condition and prospects; New regional 'in-security' system in Central Asia; Caspian oil and gas: the facts at the end of the year 2000. OSW Study 1/2001

Russian gas industry: The current condition of the gas industry is one of the most crucial factors influencing the Russian state·s functioning, internal situation and international position. Not only is gas the principal energy resource in Russia, it also subsidises other sectors of the economy. Status of the main European gas exporter strengthens also Russia's importance in the international arena. New regional in-security: Ten years have passed since the Central Asian states declared their independence, but their relationship with Russia still remains close, and the latter treats them as its exclusive zone of influence. A crucial reason for keeping Central Asia within the orbit of Moscow·s influence is the fact that Russia exercises control over the most important transport routes out of the region of raw materials for the power industry, on which the economic development of Asia depends on. But this is the only manifestation of Central Asia·s economic dependence on Russia. Moscow lacks solid economic instruments (i.e. investment input or power industry dependence) to shape the situation in the region. Caspian oil and gas: Caspian stocks of energy resources are not, and most probably will not be, of any great significance on the world scale. Nevertheless it is the Caspian region which will have the opportunity to become an oil exporter which will reduce the dependence of the European countries on Arabian oil, and which will guarantee Russia the quantities of gas which are indispensable both for meeting its internal demands and for maintaining its current level of export. For Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, the confirmation of the existence of successive oil strata is not only an opportunity to increase income, but also an additional bargaining chip in the game for the future of the whole region. The stake in this game is the opportunity to limit the economic, and by extension the political influences of Russia in the region.

Oil company pamphlets from the Durrett collection ...

1. Cleveland cherry valley oil co. Prospectus ... 1865.--2. Mass. and oil creek petroleum co., Boston. Prospectus ... 1864.--3. Marsh, Saunders & Cox, Cincinnati. The Thomas oil tract ...

Accumulation, responses and genotoxicity of trace elements in octopus vulgaris

Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Bioquímica pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Influência de Adjuvantes e Pontas de Pulverização na Deriva de Aplicação do Glyphosate

Além do impacto ambiental, a deriva de glyphosate pode causar danos sobre culturas sensíveis a esse herbicida. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência de adjuvantes e pontas de pulverização na deriva de glyphosate aplicado via terrestre. O estudo foi conduzido em campo, arranjado em esquema fatorial (3 x 9), sendo o primeiro fator constituído por três pontas de pulverização: uma de jato plano (Teejet XR 110.015) e duas de jato plano com indução de ar (Teejet AIXR 110.015 e Teejet TTI 110.015). O segundo fator foi composto por sete adjuvantes: Break Thru(r) (0,1% v.v.), Grap' Oil(r) (0,5% v.v.), Grap Super Gun(r) (0,03% v.v.), Iharol(r) (1% v.v.), NP-10(r) (0,075 L ha-1), Dash HC(r) (0,5% v.v.) e Emultec R(r) (0,05 L ha-1). Os adjuvantes foram adicionados à calda de aplicação juntamente com o herbicida Roundup Transorb R(r) na dose de 2,16 kg e.a. ha-1. Além desses, foram incluídos dois tratamentos testemunha: um sem aplicação e outro com aplicação de glyphosate sem adjuvante. As variáveis avaliadas foram a distância percorrida pelas gotas para fora do alvo, a fitotoxicidade causada pela deriva, o diâmetro mediano volumétrico, a densidade de gotas e o volume recuperado pela utilização de papéis hidrossensíveis. As pontas de pulverização TTI 110.015 e AIXR 110.015 proporcionaram menor deriva que a ponta XR 110.015. As pontas TTI e AIXR apresentaram menor densidade de gotas e maior diâmetro mediano volumétrico, quando comparadas à ponta XR. A utilização dos adjuvantes NP-10(r) e Emultec R(r) com a ponta de pulverização XR 110.015 aumentou a deriva quando comparada com a aplicação de glyphosate sem adjuvante, porém não diferiram dos demais adjuvantes. O adjuvante Emultec R(r) aumentou o DMV das gotas, quando geradas pela ponta XR 110.015. A utilização dos adjuvantes Grap' Oil(r), Grap Super Gun(r), Iharol(r) e Dash HC(r) diminuiu a densidade de gotas derivadas, quando geradas pela ponta XR 110.015.

A marine bacterium, Micrococcus MCCB 104, antagonistic to vibrios in prawn larval rearing systems

marine bacterium, Micrococcus MCCB 104, isolated from hatchery water, demonstrated extracellular antagonistic properties against Vibrio alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. fluviallis, V. nereis, V. proteolyticus, V. mediterranei, V. cholerae and Aeromonas sp., bacteria associated with Macrobrachium rosenbergii larval rearing systems. The isolate inhibited the growth of V. alginolyticus during co-culture. The antagonistic component of the extracellular product was heat-stable and insensitive to proteases, lipase, catalase and α-amylase. Micrococcus MCCB 104 was demonstrated to be non-pathogenic to M. rosenbergii larvae

Effect of dietary supplementation of different oils during the first or second half of pregnancy on the glucose tolerance of the sow

Poor glucose tolerance may be an under-researched contributory factor in the high (10% to 20%) pre-weaning mortality rate observed in pigs. Insulin resistance commences at around week 12 of gestation in the sow, although there are conflicting reports in the literature about the extent to which insulin resistance is modulated by maternal diet. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of supplementing the maternal diet with different dietary oils during either the first half or the second half of gestation on the glucose tolerance of the sow. Sows were offered the control (C: n = 5) diet as pellets or the C diet plus 10% extra energy (h = 16 per group) derived from either. (i) extra pellets; (ii) palm oil; (iii) olive oil; (iv) sunflower oil; or (v) fish oil. Experimental diets were fed during either the first (G1) or second (G2) half of gestation. A glucose tolerance test (GTT) was conducted on day 108 of gestation by administering 0.5g/kg glucose i.v. Blood samples were taken every 5 to 10 min for 90 min post administration. The change in body weight and backfat thickness during gestation was similar but both type and timing of dietary supplementation influenced litter size and weight. With the exception of the sunflower oil group, supplementing the maternal diet in G1 resulted in larger and heavier litters, particularly in mothers offered palm oil. Basal blood glucose concentrations tended to be more elevated in G1 than G2 groups, whilst plasma insulin concentrations were similar Following a GTT, the adjusted area under the curve was greater in G1 compared to G2 sows, despite no differences in glucose clearance. Maternal diet appeared to influence the relationship between glucose curve characteristics following a GTT and litter outcome. In conclusion, the degree of insulin sensitivity can be altered by both the period during which maternal nutritional supplementation is offered and the fatty acid profile of the diet.

Late Barremian-Early Aptian palaeoenvironmental change: the Cassis-La Bedoule section (SE France)

The well-dated section of Cassis-La Bédoule in the South Provencal Basin (southern France) allows for a detailed reconstruction of palaeoenvironmental change during the latest Barremian and Early Aptian. For this study, phosphorus (P) and clay-mineral contents, stable-isotope ratios on carbonate (δ13Ccarb) and organic matter (δ13Corg), and redox-sensitive trace elements (RSTE: V, U, As, Co, and Mo) have been measured in this historical stratotype. The base of the section consists of rudist limestone, which is attributed to the Urgonian platform. The presence of low P and RSTE content, and content of up to 30% kaolinite indicate deposition under oligotrophic and oxic conditions, and the presence of warm, humid climatic conditions on the adjacent continent. The top of the Urgonian succession is marked by a hardground with encrusted brachiopods and bivalves, which is interpreted as a drowning surface. The section continues with a succession of limestone and marl containing the first occurrence of planktonic foraminifera. This interval includes several laminated, organic-rich layers recording RSTE enrichments and high Corg:Ptot ratios. The deposition of these organic-rich layers was associated with oxygen-depleted conditions and a large positive excursion in δ13Corg. During this interval, a negative peak in the δ13Ccarb record is observed, which dates as latest Barremian. This excursion is coeval with negative excursions elsewhere in Tethyan platform and basin settings and is explained by the increased input of light dissolved inorganic carbon by rivers and/or volcanic activity. In this interval, an increase in P content, owing to reworking of nearshore sediments during the transgression, is coupled with a decrease in kaolinite content, which tends to be deposited in more proximal areas. The overlying hemipelagic sediments of the Early Aptian Deshayesites oglanlensis and D. weissi zones indicate rather stable palaeoenvironmental conditions with low P content and stable δ13C records. A change towards marl-dominated beds occurs close to the end of the D. weissi zone. These beds display a long decrease in their δ13Ccarb and δ13Corg records, which lasted until the end of the Deshayesites deshayesi subzone (corresponding to C3 in Menegatti et al., 1998). This is followed by a positive shift during the Roloboceras hambrovi and Deshayesites grandis subzones, which corresponds in time to oceanic anoxic event (OAE) 1a interval. This positive shift is coeval with two increases in the P content. The marly interval equivalent to OAE 1a lacks organic-rich deposits and RSTE enrichments indicating that oxic conditions prevailed in this particular part of the Tethys ocean. The clay mineralogy is dominated by smectite, which is interpreted to reflect trapping of kaolinite on the surrounding platforms rather than indicating a drier climate.

Efeitos da quercetina no pulmão de ratos com ligadura de ducto biliar comum : um modelo experimental de síndrome hepatopulmonar

Introdução: A Síndrome Hepatopulmonar (SHP) é definida pela tríade que compreende a presença de doença hepática, aumento do gradiente alvéolo-capilar no ar ambiente e dilatações vasculares intrapulmonares na ausência de doença pulmonar ou cardíaca coexistente. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito antioxidante do flavonóide Quercetina (Q) no tecido pulmonar de ratos com ligadura de ducto biliar comum, como um modelo experimental de SHP. Matérias e Métodos: Este estudo tem caráter experimental qualitativo e quantitativo, no qual foram utilizados ratos machos Wistar, pesando entre 200 e 300 gramas, divididos em quatro grupos: Controle + Veículo (CO+V), Controle + Quercetina (CO+Q), Cirrose Biliar Secundária + Veículo (CBS+V) e Cirrose Biliar Secundária + Quercetina (CBS+Q). Foram realizadas análises séricas de Aminotransferares (AST e ALT) e Fosfatase Alcalina (FA), gasometria arterial, avaliação da lipoperoxidação (substâncias que reagem ao ácido tiobarbitúrico - TBA-RS), quantificação das enzimas antioxidantes Superóxido Dismutase (SOD) e Catalase (CAT), avaliação de nitratos totais, avaliação do dano ao DNA através dos Testes de Micronúcleos e Ensaio Cometa e teste anatomopatológico dos tecidos hepático e pulmonar. O período do experimento foi de 28 dias. A partir do 14º dia os animais receberam Q na dose de 50mg/Kg ou veículo (NaCl 0,9%) no volume de 1mL/Kg de peso corporal intraperitonealmente. Para análise estatística foi realizada análise de variância (ANOVA) seguida de teste de Student-Newman-Keuls, sendo o nível de significância adotado de 5% (P<0,05). Resultados: Constatou-se aumento significativo (P<0,05) das enzimas AST, ALT e FA e diminuição significativa de valores gasométricos de pressão parcial de oxigênio arterial (PaO2) e saturação de oxigênio da hemoglobina (SatO2/Hb) nos animais CBS+V em relação aos demais grupos, e melhora nos parâmetros enzimáticos e gasométricos após o tratamento com Q. Observou-se redução do dano oxidativo através de TBA-RS no pulmão e no fígado. Quanto às enzimas antioxidantes, a Q nos animais cirróticos manteve os valores da SOD, tanto no fígado como no pulmão, semelhantes aos animais controles. A CAT no pulmão manteve-se inalterada e, no fígado, após o uso de Q, permaneceu em seus níveis basais. Na avaliação de nitratos totais observou-se aumento no tecido pulmonar dos ratos cirróticos e após o tratamento com Q redução aos níveis dos controles. Quanto ao dano ao DNA a Q reduziu a freqüência de micronúcleos e o dano ao DNA no fígado e no pulmão dos animais CBS+Q e não mostrou indícios de dano ao DNA nem aumento da freqüência de micronúcleos quando comparados CO+Q com CO+V. No teste anatomopatológico do fígado sinais de necrose e nódulos regenerativos foram atenuados nos animais CBS+Q. No tecido pulmonar, os animais CBS+V desenvolveram alterações pulmonares semelhantes a SHP e após o uso de Q observou-se redução da vasodilatação e da estase sangüínea. Conclusões: Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o flavonóide Quercetina, através do seu potencial antioxidante, provavelmente atenua as alterações pulmonares presentes na SHP, fato que nos estimula a futuras investigações.

Prospecção de genes de interesse biotecnológico : uma abordagem metagenômica

The total number of prokaryotic cells on Earth has been estimated at 4 to 6x1030 and only about 1% of microorganisms present in the environment can be cultivated by standard techniques of cultivation and plating. Therefore, it is a huge biological and genetic pool that can be exploited, for the identification and characterization of genes with biotechnological potential. Within this perspective, the metagenomics approach was applied in this work. Functional screening methods were performed aiming to identify new genes related to DNA repair and / or oxidative stress resistance, hydrocarbon degradation and hydrolytic activities (lipase, amylase and protease). Metagenomic libraries were built utilizing DNA extracted from soil samples collected in João Câmara RN. The libraries were analyzed functionally using specific substrate containing solid medium (hydrolytic activity), supplemented with H2O2 (DNA repair and / or resistance to oxidative stress) and liquid medium supplemented with light Arabian oil (activity, degradation of hydrocarbons). After confirmation of activity and exclusion of false-positive results, 49 clones were obtained, being 2 positive for amylase activity, 22 resistant to oxidative stress generated by H2O2 and 25 clones active for hydrocarbons degradation. Analysis of the sequences showed hypothetical proteins, dienelactona hydrolase, DNA polymerase, acetyltransferase, phosphotransferase, methyltransferase, endonucleases, among other proteins. The sequence data obtained matched with the functions tested, highlighting the success of metagenomics approaches combined with functional screening methods, leading to very promising results

Preparação de resinas de poliuretana à base de óleo de mamona e dietanolamina

The aim of this work was the preparation of polyols from reactions between castor oil and dietanolamine to increase the hydroxyl content and the network degree in the products to application in electronic devices. The polyols and the mixtures obtained were characterized by nuclear magnetic ressonance. Castor oil (CO) is a natural triglyceride - based polyol possessing hydroxyl groups, which allow several reactions that produce many different products. Among them are the polyurethanes (PU), which have been considered an ideal product for the covering of electricelectronic circuits, due to their excellent electrical, shock-absorbing, solvents resistance and hydrolytic stability properties. About 90% of the fatty acids present in the castor oil are ricinoleic acid (12-hydroxyoleic acid), while the remaining 10% correspond to non-hydroxylated fatty acids, mainly linoleic and oleic acids. The chemical analysis of castor oil indicates a hydroxyl number of 2.7. In this work, a polyol was obtained by the reaction of the CO with diethanolamine (DEA), in order to elevate the hydroxyl value from 160 to 230 or to 280 mgKOH/g, and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 1H and 13C (Mercury 200). The polyadition of the resulting polyol with isophorone diisocianate (IPDI) was carried out at 60°C, and the reaction kinetics was followed by rheological measurements in a Haake RS150 rheometer. The electrical properties were determined in a HP LCR Meter 4262A, at 1.0 Hz and 10.0 KHz. The chemical analysis showed that the polyols obtained presented hydroxyl number from 230 to 280 mgKOH/g. The polyadition reaction with IPDI produced polyurethane resins with the following properties: hardness in the range from 45 shore A to 65 shore D (ASTM D2240); a dielectric constant of 3.0, at 25°C (ASTM D150). Those results indicate that the obtained resins present compatible properties to the similar products of fossil origin, which are used nowadays for covering electric-electronic circuits. Therefore, the PUs from castor oil can be considered as alternative materials of renewable source, free from the highly harmful petroleum - derived solvents

Essential Oils Against Foodborne Pathogens and Spoilage Bacteria in Minced Meat

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Biosurfactant synthesis by Pseudomonas aeruginosa LBI isolated from a hydrocarbon-contaminated site

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)